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A mortise and tenon joint is a type of joint in the art of Joinery. These joints are commonly used in forming framework, the tenon (projecting piece) fitting tightly into the the mortise (hole), and then glued in place.

Mortise and Tenon Joint

A mortise and tenon joint is a type of joint in the art of Joinery. These joints are commonly used in…

Only suitable for inferior purposes, Ledged Doors are made of narrow vertical boards, connected by three horizontal members termed 'ledges', to the uppermost and lowest of which the hinges are fixed.

Ledged Door

Only suitable for inferior purposes, Ledged Doors are made of narrow vertical boards, connected by three…

'Ledged and Braced' Doors are similar to ledged doors, but strengthened by diagonal braces between the ledges.

Ledged and Braced Door

'Ledged and Braced' Doors are similar to ledged doors, but strengthened by diagonal braces between the…

Framed and braced doors consist of of a frame of strengthened by a middle horizontal piece, or 'rail', and by diagonal braces, and filled up with narrow vertical boarding.

Framed and Braced Door

Framed and braced doors consist of of a frame of strengthened by a middle horizontal piece, or 'rail',…

A six-panelled door is used mostly in the construction of housing the uppermost pair of panels are termed the 'frieze' panels, the other panels being respectively 'middle' or 'bottom', according to their position, the horizontal frame members taking the names of 'top rail', 'frieze rail', 'middle' or 'lock rail', and 'bottom rail'.

Six-Panelled Door

A six-panelled door is used mostly in the construction of housing the uppermost pair of panels are termed…

A common type of stair.

Cut String Stairs

A common type of stair.

The Kauri Pine (Agathis australis) is a coniferous tree peculiar to New Zealand, and forming its most valuable tree. It attains a height of from 120 ft. to 180 ft., and a diameter of from 5 ft. to 12 ft. The wood is straight-grained, easily worked, and susceptible of a high polish, and is largely exported for use as ship masts, deck boards, furniture, and paving blocks. The tree yields a fine resin, kauri gum, used in varnish-making.

Kauri Pine

The Kauri Pine (Agathis australis) is a coniferous tree peculiar to New Zealand, and forming its most…

The crosse is a 5-6 ft long stick of light hickory wood, bent at the top like a bishop's crozier. It is used in the game lacrosse. (A. Butt; B. Collar; C. Bend; D. Tip; E. Leading String)

The Crosse (Lacrosse)

The crosse is a 5-6 ft long stick of light hickory wood, bent at the top like a bishop's crozier. It…

Larch, or Larix, is a genus of hardy, deciduous, coniferous trees of very graceful habit. They bear monoecious flowers, the male catkins being small and oval, whilst the female ones are much longer. The leaves are bright green, linear, soft, and usually produced in short bundles on each side of the spray. They appear very early in the spring. The timber, which is very hard and tough, is much used in shipbuilding and for railway sleepers, and in cabinet work is capable of taking a very high polish. The species most commonly planted is 'L. europaea', whcich grows to about 100 ft in height. Other species are 'L. occidentalis', a tall and handsome American tree and 'L. laricina', the tamarack, or hackmatack, of North America. This is a straggling tree, most common in swampy soils, with smaller cones than has the the European species. It reaches a height of 70 ft., and the wood is valuable for the same purposes as that of other larches. (1. Scale of cone with two seeds; 2. anther)

Larch, Cone and Flowers (male and female)

Larch, or Larix, is a genus of hardy, deciduous, coniferous trees of very graceful habit. They bear…

A contrivance for shaping, or 'turning', wood, metal, or ivory into forms of a circular or oval section. The simplest form of lathe, and one which is still generally used in India, consists of two rigid centers, between which the object is revolved by means of a piece of cord wound round it, and pulled alternately backwards and forwards. The 'dead-center' lathe, which was commonly used early in the 1800's, was but a modification of this primitive form, preserving its chief drawback of an alternating motion.

Lathe for Wood-turning

A contrivance for shaping, or 'turning', wood, metal, or ivory into forms of a circular or oval section.…

The Settler's Clock <i>('Dacelo gigs')</i>, is a very large kingfisher found in Australia, where it receives its popular name from the peculiar gurgling cry uttered with great regularity at dawn and dusk. It is one of the wood kingfishers, the food consisting of of reptiles, birds, insects, and even small mammals. The name is also applied to other species of the same genus found in Australia and New Guinea, and possessing similar habits. The coloring is not brilliant, consisting of a mixture of brown, black, and white, but the male has the lower part of the back of a greenish-blue color.

Kingfisher, Dacelo gigas

The Settler's Clock ('Dacelo gigs'), is a very large kingfisher found in Australia, where it receives…

Shittah, plural shittim, is Hebrew for the wood that appears on the acacia tree and is found in the Bible.

Acacia Tree

Shittah, plural shittim, is Hebrew for the wood that appears on the acacia tree and is found in the…

Remote control oil switch in masonry-cell mounting.

Oil Switch

Remote control oil switch in masonry-cell mounting.

A man sits with a small child on a gnarled wooden bench. A woman leans against a tree next to them. A small fountain bubbles in a nearby pond.

Family on a Gnarled Wooden Bench

A man sits with a small child on a gnarled wooden bench. A woman leans against a tree next to them.…

A man carrying firewood and dog walking leaving footprints in the snow. A cottage is seen in the distance. Bare winter trees are along the way.

Walking Through Snow

A man carrying firewood and dog walking leaving footprints in the snow. A cottage is seen in the distance.…

A wood finished border.

Intricate Border

A wood finished border.

A genus of single-celled algae often forming a yellowish-green stratum on trees' damp walls, and in shallow pools.

Protococcus

A genus of single-celled algae often forming a yellowish-green stratum on trees' damp walls, and in…

"And when a convenient day was come, that Herod on his birthday made a supper to his lords, and the high captains, and the chief men of Galilee; and when the daughter of Herodias herself came in and danced, she pleased Herod and them that sat at meat with him; and the king said unto the damsel, Ask of me whatsoever thou wilt, and I will give it thee. And he sware unto her, Whatsoever thou shalt ask of me, I will give it thee, unto the half of my kingdom. And she went out, and said unto her mother, What shall I ask? And she said, The head of John the Baptizer. And she came in straightway with haste unto the king, and asked, saying, I will that thou forthwith give me on a platter the head of John the Baptist. And the king was exceeding sorry; but for the sake of his oaths, and of them that sat at meat, he would not reject her. And straightway the king sent forth a soldier of his guard, and commanded to bring his head: and he went and beheaded him in the prison, and brought his head on a platter, and gave it to the damsel; and the damsel gave it to her mother." Mark 6:21-28 ASV <p>Illustration of John the Baptist about to be beheaded. The daughter of Herodias stands in the background with a platter.

Beheading of John the Baptist

"And when a convenient day was come, that Herod on his birthday made a supper to his lords, and the…

"and he lifted up his eyes and looked, and, lo, three men stood over against him: and when he saw them, he ran to meet them from the tent door, and bowed himself to the earth." Genesis 18:2 ASV <p>"And he said, I will certainly return unto thee when the season cometh round; and, lo, Sarah thy wife shall have a son. And Sarah heard in the tent door, which was behind him." Genesis 18:10 ASV <p>Illustration of Abraham bowing before the three heavenly visitors who have just told him that his wife Sarah, who is beyond child-bearing age, will have a baby. Sarah is seen listening in the doorway. The scripture calls it a "tent", but Abraham's home is pictured here as a house made out of wood, with an awning and step.The three men appear to be emerging from the Oaks of Mamre.

Abraham and Sarah Show Hospitality to Three Strangers at Their Home

"and he lifted up his eyes and looked, and, lo, three men stood over against him: and when he saw them,…

"Then the fire of Jehovah fell, and consumed the burnt-offering, and the wood, and the stones, and the dust, and licked up the water that was in the trench. And when all the people saw it, they fell on their faces: and they said, Jehovah, he is God; Jehovah, he is God." I Kings 18:38-39 ASV <p>Illustration of Elijah kneeling before the altar, surrounded by a trench as the people kneel and praise God. The altar has a bull on top of it and it is on fire. Flames shoot down from heaven.

Elijah Praying to God to Set Fire to His Altar in Front of the Prophets of Baal

"Then the fire of Jehovah fell, and consumed the burnt-offering, and the wood, and the stones, and the…

"And he went up from thence unto Beth-el; and as he was going up by the way, there came forth young lads out of the city, and mocked him, and said unto him, Go up, thou baldhead; go up, thou baldhead. And he looked behind him and saw them, and cursed them in the name of Jehovah. And there came forth two she-bears out of the wood, and tare forty and two lads of them." 2 Kings 2:23-24 ASV <p>Illustration of Elisha, right hand raised, cursing several young boys who are mocking him and calling him "Baldhead!". The boys are pointing and laughing, but two bears are emerging from the woods, mouths open, next to them. One boy has fallen down. City walls are pictured in the background.

Elisha Curses Rude Boys and They are Mauled by Bears

"And he went up from thence unto Beth-el; and as he was going up by the way, there came forth young…

This illustration includes numerous types of saws: a. Circular saw (right-hand and left-hand saws have the teeth running opposite directions); b. section of circular saw showing flange at c; d. concave saw; e. circular saw with inserted teeth; f. mill-saw; g. ice-saw; h. cross-cut saw; i. band-saw; j. rip-saw; k. hand-saw; l. panel-saw; m. pruning-saw; n. whip-saw; o. wood-saw; p. keyhole or compass-saw; q. back-saw; r. bow-back butchers' saw.

Collection of Saws

This illustration includes numerous types of saws: a. Circular saw (right-hand and left-hand saws have…

A saw-set is an "instrument used to wrest or turn the teeth of saws alternately to the right left so that they may make a kerf somewhat wider than the thickness of the blade. Also called saw-wrest. b. anvil used for setting saws in saw-factories, the setting being performed by blows of the peculiarly shaped hammer; a. Every second tooth is set in one direction, and, the saw-blade being turned over, the intervening teeth are set in the reverse direction; c and d are notched levers by which in ordinary setting the alternate teeth are set in opposite directions." —Whitney, 1889

Collection of Saw-Sets

A saw-set is an "instrument used to wrest or turn the teeth of saws alternately to the right left so…

"a. shank for fixing the implement to a bench; c. punch, hinged to a base b and e; and pressed upward by springs; h. screw-support for the back of the blade; d. gauge which may be adjusted for different-sized teeth. The blade is moved along to bring alternate teeth under the punch, which his struck with a hammer." &mdash;Whitney, 1889

Saw Set for a Work Bench

"a. shank for fixing the implement to a bench; c. punch, hinged to a base b and e; and pressed upward…

"A wood-working tool with a straight or a curved blade and with one or two handles, used to remove address-marks from packing boxes and in finishing fine woodwork. a. handles; b. blades; c. scraper" &mdash;Whitney, 1889

Collection of Wood Scrapers

"A wood-working tool with a straight or a curved blade and with one or two handles, used to remove address-marks…

"A tool used by cabinet-makers in dressing off and smoothing veneers, etc." &mdash;Whitney, 1889 <p>The illustration shows two scrapers working on the wood and shows the form of the edges.

Scrapers for Making Cabinets

"A tool used by cabinet-makers in dressing off and smoothing veneers, etc." —Whitney, 1889 The…

A number of screws, all used in carriage-making and carpentry. "A, B, C, D, and E are special forms of wood-screws in common use." &mdash;Whitney, 1889

Collection of Screws Used in Carriage-Making and Carpentry

A number of screws, all used in carriage-making and carpentry. "A, B, C, D, and E are special forms…

"A conduit or canal constructed, especially in a town or city, to carry off superfluous, water, soil, and other matters; a public drain. A, B, C, D, E forms used in London, Paris, and other European cities; F, G, H, I, J, K, L, special forms used in New York and other American cities. F shows a method of repairing with tiles at the bottom of an oval sewer. G, tile-bottomed sewer. H, barrel sewer...of wood bound with iron. I, a form used for large sewers. J, section of pipe sewer. K, half section of sewer having section similar to B, but also provided with a spandrel. L, the aqueduct form, used for large sewers only, it rests on a bed of concrete." &mdash;Whitney, 1889

Collection of Sewer Cross-Sections

"A conduit or canal constructed, especially in a town or city, to carry off superfluous, water, soil,…

"A wooden runner, of tough wood, from five to ten feet long, an or an inch and a half thick at the middle, but thinner toward the ends, an inch wider than the shoe of the user, and turned up in a curve at the front." &mdash;Whitney, 1889

Ski - Side and Bottom View

"A wooden runner, of tough wood, from five to ten feet long, an or an inch and a half thick at the middle,…

"A circular box used for covering and protecting a seal. Old documents were commonly sealed by means of a ribbon which passed through the parchment, and to which was affixed a large circular wax seal, not attached to the parchment itself, but hanging below its edge. The skippet used to protect such a seal was commonly turned of wood, like a shallow box, with a cover formed of a simple disk of wood held to the box by strings passed through eyelet-holes." -Whitney, 1889

Skippet - Open Box with a Seal Inside

"A circular box used for covering and protecting a seal. Old documents were commonly sealed by means…

"In printing, a galley with a false bottom, in the form of a thin slice of wood, which aids the removal of the type from the galley to the stone." -Whitney, 1889

Slice Galley

"In printing, a galley with a false bottom, in the form of a thin slice of wood, which aids the removal…

"A contrivance attached to the foot to enable the wearer to walk on deep snow without sinking to the extent of being disabled...The Canadian is a contracted oval in front and pointed behind, and is from 3 to 5 feet long and from 1 to 2 feet wide, the foot being fastened on the widest part of the shoe by means of thongs and so as to leave the heel free. It has a light rim of tough wood, on which is woven from side to side a web of rawhide." —Whitney, 1889

Canadian Snow Shoe

"A contrivance attached to the foot to enable the wearer to walk on deep snow without sinking to the…

"A weapon consisting of a penetrating head attached to a long shaft of wood, designed to be thrust by or launched from the hand at an enemy or at game." —Whitney, 1889 <p>Illustration of two different hunting spears. The spear on the left has a long handle and a simple arrowhead. The spear on the right has a shorter handle and a crosspiece at the base of the blade with a curved blade attached.

Hunting Spears from the 15th or 16th Century

"A weapon consisting of a penetrating head attached to a long shaft of wood, designed to be thrust by…

Spermatozooid, mature male germ cells, of <i>Adiantum capillus-veneris</i>. Also called spermatozoid.

Spermatozooid of the Southern Maidenhair Fern and Venus Hair Fern

Spermatozooid, mature male germ cells, of Adiantum capillus-veneris. Also called spermatozoid.

"A genus compound radiolarians, typical of the family <i>Sphaerozoidae</i>, the protoplasm of which contains colored cellaeform bodies, and gives rise to a network of spicules forming a loose detached skeleton." &mdash;Whitney, 1889

Sphaerozoum Ovodimare

"A genus compound radiolarians, typical of the family Sphaerozoidae, the protoplasm of which contains…

"A. natural size; B. two of the sacs with colored vesicles and spicules which lie in the investing protoplasm, magnified." &mdash;Whitney, 1889 <p>A colonial radiolarian possessing siliceous spicules.

Sphærozoum Punctatum

"A. natural size; B. two of the sacs with colored vesicles and spicules which lie in the investing protoplasm,…

"A large nail or pin, generally of iron. The larger forms of spikes, particularly railroad spikes, are chisel-pointed, and have a head or fang projecting to one side to bite the rail. Spikes are also made split, barbed, grooved, and of other shapes." &mdash;Whitney, 1889 <p>Illustration of two forked spikes. When driven into wood, the points spread and hook into the wood.

Forked Spikes

"A large nail or pin, generally of iron. The larger forms of spikes, particularly railroad spikes, are…

"And when Herod was about to bring him forth, the same night Peter was sleeping between two soldiers, bound with two chains: and guards before the door kept the prison. And behold, an angel of the Lord stood by him, and a light shined in the cell: and he smote Peter on the side, and awoke him, saying, Rise up quickly. And his chains fell off from his hands." Acts 12:6-7 ASV <p>Illustration of Peter seated on the prison ground between two sleeping soldiers. An angel stands over him with his hand raised.

Peter Liberated from Prison Chains by an Angel

"And when Herod was about to bring him forth, the same night Peter was sleeping between two soldiers,…

"But lighting upon a place where two seas met, they ran the vessel aground; and the foreship struck and remained unmoveable, but the stern began to break up by the violence of the waves. And the soldiers' counsel was to kill the prisoners, lest any of them should swim out, and escape. But the centurion, desiring to save Paul, stayed them from their purpose; and commanded that they who could swim should cast themselves overboard, and get first to the land; and the rest, some on planks, and some on other things from the ship. And so it came to pass, that they all escaped safe to the land." Acts 27:41-44 ASV <p>Illustration of Paul's ship wrecking in the waves on the coast of Malta. The ship can be seen sinking in the background as Paul and several soldiers swim in the violent waves. One soldier clings to a splinter of wood.

Paul is Shipwrecked on Malta

"But lighting upon a place where two seas met, they ran the vessel aground; and the foreship struck…