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"Sclerotals of eye of bald eagle (Haliaetus leucocephalus)." -Whitney, 1911

Eagle Eye Sclerotal

"Sclerotals of eye of bald eagle (Haliaetus leucocephalus)." -Whitney, 1911

The Black-Tailed Leaftosser (Sclerurus caudacutus) is a small bird in the Furnariidae family of Ovenbirds.

Black-Tailed Leaftosser

The Black-Tailed Leaftosser (Sclerurus caudacutus) is a small bird in the Furnariidae family of Ovenbirds.

The Limpkin (Aramus guarauna) is a bird in the Aramidae family that is found in the Caribbean, Central America, and southern Florida.

Limpkin

The Limpkin (Aramus guarauna) is a bird in the Aramidae family that is found in the Caribbean, Central…

The Hammerkop (Scopus umbretta) is a wading bird in the Scopidae family named for the shape of its crest and beak.

Hammerkop

The Hammerkop (Scopus umbretta) is a wading bird in the Scopidae family named for the shape of its crest…

The Long-Tailed Nightjar (Caprimulgus climacurus) is a species of bird in the Caprimulgidae family that is common to Africa. Formerly known as Scotornis longicaudus.

Long-Tailed Nightjar

The Long-Tailed Nightjar (Caprimulgus climacurus) is a species of bird in the Caprimulgidae family that…

The Common Eider, Somateria mollissima, is a large (50-71cm body length) sea-duck, which is distributed over the northern coasts of Europe, North America and eastern Siberia. It breeds in Arctic and some northern temperate regions, but winters somewhat farther south in temperate zones, when it can form large flocks on coastal waters. The eider's nest is built close to the sea and is lined with the celebrated eiderdown, plucked from the female's breast. This soft and warm lining has long been harvested for filling pillows and quilts, but in more recent years has been largely replaced by down from domestic farm-geese and synthetic alternatives.

Eider Duck

The Common Eider, Somateria mollissima, is a large (50-71cm body length) sea-duck, which is distributed…

The Rufous Scrub-Bird (Atrichornis rufescens) is a species of Australian birds in the Atrichornithidae family of scrub-birds.

Rufous Scrub-Bird

The Rufous Scrub-Bird (Atrichornis rufescens) is a species of Australian birds in the Atrichornithidae…

"Scutellate. Foot of bluebird, with laminiplantar and mostly booted tarsus and of the toes." -Whitney, 1911

Bluebird Foot

"Scutellate. Foot of bluebird, with laminiplantar and mostly booted tarsus and of the toes." -Whitney,…

"Scutelliplantar foot of horned lark: the tarsus scutellate before and behind, and the toes all scutellate on top." -Whitney, 1911

Lark Foot

"Scutelliplantar foot of horned lark: the tarsus scutellate before and behind, and the toes all scutellate…

The Channel-Billed Cucko (Scythrops novaehollandiae) is the largest species of cuckoo and the largest brood parasite in the world.

Channel-Billed Cuckoo

The Channel-Billed Cucko (Scythrops novaehollandiae) is the largest species of cuckoo and the largest…

The Steller's Sea Eagle (Haliaeetus pelagicus) is a large bird of pray in the Accipitridae family of hawks and eagles.

Steller's Sea Eagle

The Steller's Sea Eagle (Haliaeetus pelagicus) is a large bird of pray in the Accipitridae family of…

The Great Seal of the United States with "E. Pluribus Unum" and a bald eagle holding thirteen arrows and an olive branch.

Great Seal of the United States

The Great Seal of the United States with "E. Pluribus Unum" and a bald eagle holding thirteen arrows…

An illustration of a bird skeleton.

Bird Skeleton

An illustration of a bird skeleton.

John Ross (October 3, 1790 - August 1, 1866), also known as Kooweskoowe - a mythological or rare migratory bird, Principal Chief of the Cherokee Native American Nation.

John Ross

John Ross (October 3, 1790 - August 1, 1866), also known as Kooweskoowe - a mythological or rare migratory…

An illustration of the skeletal fossil of Archaeopteryx, the earliest and most primitive bird known. Archaeopteryx lived in the late Jurassic Period around 155–150 million years ago, in what is now southern Germany during a time when Europe was an archipelago of islands in a shallow warm tropical sea, much closer to the equator than it is now.

Archaeopteryx Fossil

An illustration of the skeletal fossil of Archaeopteryx, the earliest and most primitive bird known.…

The Secretary Bird (Sagittarius serpentarius) is a bird of prey known for hunting snakes and other reptiles.

Secretary Bird

The Secretary Bird (Sagittarius serpentarius) is a bird of prey known for hunting snakes and other reptiles.

The Sedge Warbler (Acrocephalus schoenobaenus) is a small passerine bird in the Sylviidae family.

Sedge Warbler

The Sedge Warbler (Acrocephalus schoenobaenus) is a small passerine bird in the Sylviidae family.

Hesperornis is an extinct genus of flightless aquatic birds that lived during the Santonian to Campanian sub-epochs of the Late Cretaceous (89-65 mya). Hesperornis were very large birds, reaching up to 2 meters (6.5 feet) in length. They had virtually no wings, swimming with powerful hind legs. Their toes were probably lobed rather than being webbed, as in today's grebes; like in these, the toes could rotate well, which is necessary to decrease drag in lobed feet but not in webbed ones such as in loons, where the toes are simply folded together.

Hesperornis

Hesperornis is an extinct genus of flightless aquatic birds that lived during the Santonian to Campanian…

The Restless Flycatcher (Myiagra inquieta) is a passerine bird in the Monarchidae family of Monarch flycatcher.

Restless Flycatcher

The Restless Flycatcher (Myiagra inquieta) is a passerine bird in the Monarchidae family of Monarch…

The New York Waterthrush (Seiurus naevius) is a passerine bird of the New World warblers.

New York Waterthrush

The New York Waterthrush (Seiurus naevius) is a passerine bird of the New World warblers.

The Twelve-Wired Bird of Paradise (Seleucidis melanoleucus) is a black and yellow bird of paradise named for its twelve wire-like feathers near its tail.

Twelve-Wired Bird of Paradise

The Twelve-Wired Bird of Paradise (Seleucidis melanoleucus) is a black and yellow bird of paradise named…

Wallace's Standardwing (Semioptera wallacii) is a passerine bird in the family of Birds of Paradise.

Wallace's Standardwing

Wallace's Standardwing (Semioptera wallacii) is a passerine bird in the family of Birds of Paradise.

The semipalmate (half-webbed) foot of the willet (Tringa semipalmata).

Willet Foot

The semipalmate (half-webbed) foot of the willet (Tringa semipalmata).

The Red-Legged Seriema (Cariama cristata) is a predatory terrestrial bird in the Cariamidae family of seriemas.

Red-Legged Seriema

The Red-Legged Seriema (Cariama cristata) is a predatory terrestrial bird in the Cariamidae family of…

The Serin Finch (Serinus hortulanus) is a small passerine bird in the Fringillidae family of finches.

Serin Finch

The Serin Finch (Serinus hortulanus) is a small passerine bird in the Fringillidae family of finches.

The serratirostral bill of the motmot (Momotus nattereri).

Motmot Beak

The serratirostral bill of the motmot (Momotus nattereri).

The skeleton of a bird. Labels: a, radius and ulna; b, dorsal vertebrae; c, sacrum and pelvis; g, ploughshare bone; h, tibia; i, metatarsus; d, furculum; e, carina of the sternum; f, distal phalanx of pectoral limb.

Skeleton of a Bird

The skeleton of a bird. Labels: a, radius and ulna; b, dorsal vertebrae; c, sacrum and pelvis; g, ploughshare…

The sternum of a bird. Label: a, lateral aspect; b, inferior aspect; r, rostrum; c.p, costal process; pl.o, pleurosteon; c, carina; m.x, middle xiphoid process.

Sternum of a Bird

The sternum of a bird. Label: a, lateral aspect; b, inferior aspect; r, rostrum; c.p, costal process;…

The skull of a bird. Labels: a, inferior aspect, the mandible being removed; b, lateral aspect; px, premaxilla; mx, superior maxilla; p, palatine bone; v, vomer; j, jugal bone; qj, quadrato-jugal bone; lachrymal; me, median ethmoid; f, frontal; pf, post-frontal process; p, parietal; pt, pterygoid; q, os quadratum; sq, sqamosal; eu, process before the sustachian aperture; bo, basi-occipital, and so, supra-occipital bone; ar, articular; a, surangular, and d, dentary portion of the mandible.

Skull of a Bird

The skull of a bird. Labels: a, inferior aspect, the mandible being removed; b, lateral aspect; px,…

The pectoral arch of a bird. Labels: sc, scapula; co, coracoid bone; f, clavicle, terminating below in the hypocleideum; gl, glenoid cavity.

Pectoral Arch of a Bird

The pectoral arch of a bird. Labels: sc, scapula; co, coracoid bone; f, clavicle, terminating below…

The pelvis of a bird. Labels: a, superior; b, lateral aspect; sm, sacrum; Il, ilium; Is, ischium; Am, acetabulum.

Pelvis of a Bird

The pelvis of a bird. Labels: a, superior; b, lateral aspect; sm, sacrum; Il, ilium; Is, ischium; Am,…

A fairy playing a type of recorder with birds singing all around.

Birds Singing with a Fairy

A fairy playing a type of recorder with birds singing all around.

Illustration of a dodo bird skeleton. The dodo (Raphus cucullatus) was a flightless bird endemic to the Indian Ocean island of Mauritius. Related to pigeons and doves, it stood about a meter tall, weighing about 20 kilograms (44 lb), living on fruit and nesting on the ground.

Dodo Skeleton

Illustration of a dodo bird skeleton. The dodo (Raphus cucullatus) was a flightless bird endemic to…

An illustration of pezophaps solitarius, part of the dodo family.

Pezophaps Solitarius

An illustration of pezophaps solitarius, part of the dodo family.

An illustration of the skeleton of a pezophaps solitarius, part of the dodo family.

Pezophaps Solitarius (Skeleton)

An illustration of the skeleton of a pezophaps solitarius, part of the dodo family.

Great Black Woodpecker (Drycopus martius). This bird of one of the largest of its tribe, black with a scarlet crest, and resembles somewhat the ivory-billed and pileated woodpeckers of the United States. It inhabits northerly portions of Europe.

Great Black Woodpecker

Great Black Woodpecker (Drycopus martius). This bird of one of the largest of its tribe, black with…

The Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus), also known simply as the Peregrine, and historically as the "Duck Hawk" in North America, is a cosmopolitan bird of prey in the family Falconidae.

Duck Hawk

The Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus), also known simply as the Peregrine, and historically as the…

A young girl feeding pigeons from her bedroom window.

Young Girl at the Window

A young girl feeding pigeons from her bedroom window.

The adult female Sharp-Shinned Hawk (Accipiter striatus). The "Sharpie" is a small hawk in the Accipitridae family of birds of prey.

Sharp-Shinned Hawk

The adult female Sharp-Shinned Hawk (Accipiter striatus). The "Sharpie" is a small hawk in the Accipitridae…

The Peruvian Sheartail (Thaumastura cora) is a hummingbird in the Trochilidae family of hummingbirds.

Peruvian Sheartail

The Peruvian Sheartail (Thaumastura cora) is a hummingbird in the Trochilidae family of hummingbirds.

The Snowy Sheathbill (Chionis alba) is a bird in the Chionididae family and is Antarctica's only permanently land-based bird.

Snowy Sheathbill

The Snowy Sheathbill (Chionis alba) is a bird in the Chionididae family and is Antarctica's only permanently…

"Frontal Shield of (1) European Gallinule (Gallinula chloropus), (2) American Gallinule (Gallinula galeata)." -Whitney, 1911

Moorhen Frontal Shields

"Frontal Shield of (1) European Gallinule (Gallinula chloropus), (2) American Gallinule (Gallinula galeata)."…

The Green Heron (Butorides virescens) is a small wading bird in the Ardeidae family of herons, and is native to North and Central America.

Green Heron

The Green Heron (Butorides virescens) is a small wading bird in the Ardeidae family of herons, and is…

The Northern Shoveler (Anas clypeata) is a common duck in the Anatidae family of water birds.

Northern Shoveler

The Northern Shoveler (Anas clypeata) is a common duck in the Anatidae family of water birds.

The Eastern Bluebird (Sialia sialis) is a medium-sized bird in the Turdidae family of thrushes.

Eastern Bluebird

The Eastern Bluebird (Sialia sialis) is a medium-sized bird in the Turdidae family of thrushes.

The Abdim's Stork (Ciconia abdimii) is a large bird in the Ciconiidae family of storks.

Abdim's Stork

The Abdim's Stork (Ciconia abdimii) is a large bird in the Ciconiidae family of storks.

Flamingos are gregarious wading birds in the genus Phoenicopterus and family Phoenicopteridae. They are found in both the Western Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere, but are more numerous in the former. There are four species in the Americas while two exist in the Old World. Two species, the Andean and the James's Flamingo, are often placed in the genus Phoenicoparrus instead of Phoenicopterus.

Flamingo

Flamingos are gregarious wading birds in the genus Phoenicopterus and family Phoenicopteridae. They…

An illustration of Borelli's bird with artificial wings. "r e, Anterior margin of the right wing, consisting of a rigid rod; o a, Posterior margin of the left wing same as the right; b c, Anterior; and f, Posterior margins of the left wing same as the right; d, Tial of the bird; r g, d h, Vertical direction of the down stroke of the wing." -Britannica, 1910.

Borelli's Bird with Artificial Wings

An illustration of Borelli's bird with artificial wings. "r e, Anterior margin of the right wing, consisting…

An illustration of an "elastic spiral wing, which twists and untwists during its action, to for a mobile helix or screw. This wing is made to vibrate by a direct piston action, and b a slight adjustment can be propelled vertically, horizontally or at any degree of obliquity." -Britannica, 1910

Elastic Spiral Wing

An illustration of an "elastic spiral wing, which twists and untwists during its action, to for a mobile…

An illustration of elastic spiral wings of the gull. "a b, Anterior margin of the left wing; c d, Posterior margin of the ditto; d g, Primary or rowing feathers of left wing; g a, Secondary feathers ditto; x, root of right wing with ball-and-socket joint; l, Elbow joint; m, Wrist joint; n o, Hand and finger joints." -Britannica, 1910

Elastic Spiral Wings of the Gull

An illustration of elastic spiral wings of the gull. "a b, Anterior margin of the left wing; c d, Posterior…

An illustration of a double elastic spiral wing.

Double Elastic Spiral Wing

An illustration of a double elastic spiral wing.

"A and B...are two corks, into each of which r inserted four wing feathers from any bird, so as to be slightly inclined like the sails of a windmill, but in opposite directions in each set. A round shaft is fixed in the cork a, which ends in a sharp point. At the upper part of the cork b is fixed a whalebone bow, having a small pivot hole in its centre to receive the point of the shaft. The bow is then to be strung equally on each side to the upper portion of the shaft, and the little machine is completed. Wind up the string by turning the flyers different ways, so that the spring of the bow may unwind them with their anterior edges ascending." -Britannica, 1910

Cayley's Flying Model

"A and B...are two corks, into each of which r inserted four wing feathers from any bird, so as to be…

An illustration of Penaud's artificial flying bird. "a b c d, a', b' c' d', lactic wings which twist and untwist when made to vibrate; a b, a' b', Anterior margins of wings; c d, c' d', Posterior margins of wings; c, c' Inner portions of wings attached to central of model by elastic bands at e' f, India-rubber in a state of torsion, which provides the motive power, by causing the crank situated between the vertical wing supports (g) to rotate; as the crank revolves the wing are made to vibrate by means of two rods which extend between the crank and the roots of the wings; h, tail of artificial bird." -Britannica, 1910

Penaud's Artificial Flying Bird

An illustration of Penaud's artificial flying bird. "a b c d, a', b' c' d', lactic wings which twist…

Alimentary canal of a bird. Labels: a, ingluvies; b, proventriculus; c, pancreas; d, duodenum; e, liver; f, biliary cyst and duct; g, pancreatic duct; h, intestice; i, the to caeca; k, rectum; l, right ureter; m, oviduct; n, its aperture in cloaca; o, opening of cloaca.

Alimentary Canal of a Bird

Alimentary canal of a bird. Labels: a, ingluvies; b, proventriculus; c, pancreas; d, duodenum; e, liver;…

The skull of a nestling sparrowhawk, palatal view.

Sparrowhawk Skull

The skull of a nestling sparrowhawk, palatal view.

Oshyiodes of an adult fowl.

Oshyiodes of Adult Fowl

Oshyiodes of an adult fowl.

Left thigh-muscle of a rail.

Rail Thigh

Left thigh-muscle of a rail.

The extinct crested parrot of Mauritius.

Crested Parrot of Mauitius

The extinct crested parrot of Mauritius.

The extinct Phillip-Island parrot.

Philip Island Parrot

The extinct Phillip-Island parrot.

The extinct starling of Reunion.

Starling of Reunion

The extinct starling of Reunion.