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The table and chair used at the signing of the Declaration of Independence.

Table and Chair Used at the Signing of the Declaration of Independence

The table and chair used at the signing of the Declaration of Independence.

A political cartoon contrasting American liberty and French liberty.

The Contrast Between American Liberty and French Liberty

A political cartoon contrasting American liberty and French liberty.

William Dennison, Jr. (November 23, 1815 – June 15, 1882) was a Whig and Republican politician from Ohio. He served as the 24th Governor of Ohio and as U.S. Postmaster General in the Cabinet of President Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War.

William Dennison

William Dennison, Jr. (November 23, 1815 – June 15, 1882) was a Whig and Republican politician from…

John Dickinson (November 2, 1732 – February 14, 1808) was an American lawyer and politician from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and Wilmington, Delaware.

John Dickinson

John Dickinson (November 2, 1732 – February 14, 1808) was an American lawyer and politician from…

John Adams Dix (July 24, 1798 – April 21, 1879) was an American politician from New York. He served as Secretary of the Treasury, U.S. Senator, and New York Governor. He was also a distinguished Civil War General.

John Adams Dix

John Adams Dix (July 24, 1798 – April 21, 1879) was an American politician from New York. He served…

Fort Donelson and Fort Heiman, two sites of the American Civil War Forts Henry and Donelson Campaign, in which Union General Ulysses S. Grant and Admiral Andrew Hull Foote captured three forts, opened two rivers, and received national recognition for victories in February 1862, the first major Union victories of the war.

Fort Donelson

Fort Donelson and Fort Heiman, two sites of the American Civil War Forts Henry and Donelson Campaign,…

Abner Doubleday (June 26, 1819 – January 26, 1893) was a career United States Army officer and Union general in the American Civil War.

Abner Doubleday

Abner Doubleday (June 26, 1819 – January 26, 1893) was a career United States Army officer and…

Stephen Arnold Douglas (April 23, 1813 - June 3, 1861) was an American politician from the western state of Illinois, and was the Democratic Party nominee for President in 1860. He lost to the Republican Party's candidate, Abraham Lincoln.

Stephen Arnold Douglas

Stephen Arnold Douglas (April 23, 1813 - June 3, 1861) was an American politician from the western state…

Stephen Arnold Douglas (April 23, 1813 - June 3, 1861) was an American politician from the western state of Illinois, and was the Democratic Party nominee for President in 1860. He lost to the Republican Party's candidate, Abraham Lincoln.

Monument to Stephen A. Douglas

Stephen Arnold Douglas (April 23, 1813 - June 3, 1861) was an American politician from the western state…

Frederick Douglass (born Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey, February 14, 1818 – February 20, 1895) was an American abolitionist, editor, orator, author, statesman and reformer.

Frederick Douglass

Frederick Douglass (born Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey, February 14, 1818 – February 20,…

John William Draper (May 5, 1811, - January 4, 1882) was an American (English-born) scientist, philosopher, physician, chemist, historian, and photographer.

John William Draper

John William Draper (May 5, 1811, - January 4, 1882) was an American (English-born) scientist, philosopher,…

Samuel Francis Du Pont (September 27, 1803 – June 23, 1865) was an American naval officer who achieved the rank of Rear Admiral in the United States Navy, and a member of the prominent Du Pont family.

Samuel Francis Dupont

Samuel Francis Du Pont (September 27, 1803 – June 23, 1865) was an American naval officer who…

Theodore William Dwight (1822-1892), American jurist and educator, cousin of Theodore Dwight Woolsey and of Timothy Dwight V, was born July 18, 1822 in Catskill, New York.

Theodore William Dwight

Theodore William Dwight (1822-1892), American jurist and educator, cousin of Theodore Dwight Woolsey…

James Buchanan Eads (May 23, 1820 – March 8, 1887) was an American structural engineer and inventor.

James Buchanan Eads

James Buchanan Eads (May 23, 1820 – March 8, 1887) was an American structural engineer and inventor.

Jubal Anderson Early (November 3, 1816 – March 2, 1894) was a lawyer and Confederate general in the American Civil War.

Jubal A. Early

Jubal Anderson Early (November 3, 1816 – March 2, 1894) was a lawyer and Confederate general in…

Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847 – October 18, 1931) was an American inventor and businessman who developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph and the long-lasting, practical electric light bulb.

Thomas Alva Edison

Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847 – October 18, 1931) was an American inventor and businessman…

Jonathan Edwards (October 5, 1703 – March 22, 1758) was a colonial American Congregational preacher, theologian, and missionary to Native Americans.

Jonathan Edwards

Jonathan Edwards (October 5, 1703 – March 22, 1758) was a colonial American Congregational preacher,…

El Caney (also Caney) is a small village 4 miles (6.4 km) to the northeast of Santiago, Cuba. "Caney" means longhouse in Taíno.

Spanish Earthworks and Entrenchments at El Caney

El Caney (also Caney) is a small village 4 miles (6.4 km) to the northeast of Santiago, Cuba. "Caney"…

Charles William Eliot (March 20, 1834 – August 22, 1926) was an American academic who was selected as Harvard's president in 1869.

Charles William Eliot

Charles William Eliot (March 20, 1834 – August 22, 1926) was an American academic who was selected…

Famous Indian known as the Prophet. He was the brother of Tecumseh.

Elkswatawa, the Prophet

Famous Indian known as the Prophet. He was the brother of Tecumseh.

Charles Ellet, Jr. (1 January 1810 – 21 June 1862) was a civil engineer and a colonel during the American Civil War, mortally wounded at the Battle of Memphis.

Charles Ellet

Charles Ellet, Jr. (1 January 1810 – 21 June 1862) was a civil engineer and a colonel during the…

Charles Ellet, Jr. (1 January 1810 – 21 June 1862) was a civil engineer and a colonel during the American Civil War, mortally wounded at the Battle of Memphis.

Ellet's Stern Wheel Ram

Charles Ellet, Jr. (1 January 1810 – 21 June 1862) was a civil engineer and a colonel during the…

Jesse Duncan Elliot (July 14, 1782 – December 10, 1845) was a United States naval officer and commander of American naval forces in Lake Erie during the War of 1812, especially noted for his controversial actions during the Battle of Lake Erie.

Jesse Duncan Elliott

Jesse Duncan Elliot (July 14, 1782 – December 10, 1845) was a United States naval officer and…

Oliver Ellsworth (April 29, 1745 – November 26, 1807), an American lawyer and politician, was a revolutionary against British rule, a drafter of the United States Constitution, and third Chief Justice of the United States.

Oliver Ellsworth

Oliver Ellsworth (April 29, 1745 – November 26, 1807), an American lawyer and politician, was…

Elmer Ephraim Ellsworth (April 11, 1837 – May 24, 1861) was a lawyer and soldier, best known as the first conspicuous casualty of the American Civil War.

Ephraim Elmer Ellsworth

Elmer Ephraim Ellsworth (April 11, 1837 – May 24, 1861) was a lawyer and soldier, best known as…

The Battle of El Molino del Rey was fought during the Mexican-American War in the city of Chapultepec in 1847.

Battle of El Molino del Rey

The Battle of El Molino del Rey was fought during the Mexican-American War in the city of Chapultepec…

A political cartoon criticizing the Embargo placed upon the American colonies by the British.

Embargo

A political cartoon criticizing the Embargo placed upon the American colonies by the British.

A political cartoon criticizing the Embargo placed upon the American colonies by the British. The cartoon portrays the death of a terrapin

Death of Terrapin, or the Embargo

A political cartoon criticizing the Embargo placed upon the American colonies by the British. The cartoon…

Ralph Waldo Emerson (May 25, 1803 – April 27, 1882) was an American essayist, philosopher, poet, and leader of the Transcendentalist movement in the early 19th century.

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Ralph Waldo Emerson (May 25, 1803 – April 27, 1882) was an American essayist, philosopher, poet,…

The USS <em>Essex</em> and her prizes in Massachusetts Bay following a cruise in Bermuda.

The Essex and Her Prizes in Massachusetts Bay

The USS Essex and her prizes in Massachusetts Bay following a cruise in Bermuda.

William Maxwell Evarts (February 6, 1818 – February 28, 1901) was an American lawyer and statesman who served as US Secretary of State, US Attorney General and US Senator from New York.

William Maxwell Evarts

William Maxwell Evarts (February 6, 1818 – February 28, 1901) was an American lawyer and statesman…

Richard Stoddert Ewell (February 8, 1817 &ndash; January 25, 1872) was a career U.S. Army officer and a Confederate general during the American Civil War.

Richard Stoddert Ewell

Richard Stoddert Ewell (February 8, 1817 – January 25, 1872) was a career U.S. Army officer and…

The Battle of Seven Pines, also known as the Battle of Fair Oaks or Fair Oaks Station, took place on May 31 and June 1, 1862, in Henrico County, Virginia, as part of the Peninsula Campaign of the American Civil War.

Fair Oaks

The Battle of Seven Pines, also known as the Battle of Fair Oaks or Fair Oaks Station, took place on…

The <em>Hartoford</em> departed the Delaware Capes 28 January, 1862 as flagship of Flag Officer David G. Farragut, the commander of the newly created West Gulf Blockading Squadron.

The Hartford, Farragut's Flagship

The Hartoford departed the Delaware Capes 28 January, 1862 as flagship of Flag Officer David…

Cyrus West Field (November 30, 1819&ndash;July 12, 1892) was an American businessman and financier who led the Atlantic Telegraph Company, the company that successfully laid the first telegraph cable across the Atlantic Ocean in 1858.

Cyrus West Field

Cyrus West Field (November 30, 1819–July 12, 1892) was an American businessman and financier who…

David Dudley Field II (February 13, 1805 - April 13, 1894) was an American lawyer and law reformer.

David Dudley Field

David Dudley Field II (February 13, 1805 - April 13, 1894) was an American lawyer and law reformer.

James Thomas Fields (December 31, 1817 &ndash; April 24, 1881) was an American publisher and author.

James Thomas Fields

James Thomas Fields (December 31, 1817 – April 24, 1881) was an American publisher and author.

Nicholas Fish (1758-1833) was an American Revolutionary soldier, born in New York City.

Nicholas Fish

Nicholas Fish (1758-1833) was an American Revolutionary soldier, born in New York City.

Hamilton Fish (August 3, 1808 – September 7, 1893), born in New York City, was an American statesman who served as Governor of New York, United States Senator from New York and United States Secretary of State.

Hamilton Fish

Hamilton Fish (August 3, 1808 – September 7, 1893), born in New York City, was an American statesman…

The landing of troops at Fort Fisher during the American Civil War.

Landing Troops at Fort Fisher

The landing of troops at Fort Fisher during the American Civil War.

John Fiske (1842 - 1901), born Edmund Fisk Green, was an American philosopher and historian.

John Fiske

John Fiske (1842 - 1901), born Edmund Fisk Green, was an American philosopher and historian.

The American flag used at the Battle of Bunker Hill was called the "New England flag." It is blue with a canton quartered with the cross of St. George and a tree in a quarter of the canton.

The New England Flag

The American flag used at the Battle of Bunker Hill was called the "New England flag." It is blue with…

The United States National flag in 1912 when the flag had 48 stars. In use from July 4, 1912 - July 3, 1959.

The National Flag

The United States National flag in 1912 when the flag had 48 stars. In use from July 4, 1912 - July…

The first American floating battery was seen in the Charles River, at Boston, in October, 1775.

The First American Floating Battery

The first American floating battery was seen in the Charles River, at Boston, in October, 1775.

James II of England and Ireland, James VII of Scotland (14 October 1633 &ndash; 16 September 1701) was King of England, King of Scots, and King of Ireland from 6 February 1685. He was the last Catholic monarch to reign over the Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland. The Parliament of England deemed James to have abdicated on 11 December 1688. The Parliament of Scotland on 11 April 1689 declared him to have forfeited the throne. He was replaced not by his Catholic son, James Francis Edward, but by Mary II and William III. William and Mary became joint rulers in 1689. Mary was the eldest daughter of James and a Protestant. William was both his nephew and son-in-law. James II made one serious attempt to recover his crowns, when he landed in Ireland in 1689.

James II of England

James II of England and Ireland, James VII of Scotland (14 October 1633 – 16 September 1701) was…

John Buchanan Floyd (June 1, 1806 – August 26, 1863), was a Virginia politician (legislator and governor), U.S. Secretary of War, and the Confederate general in the American Civil War who lost the crucial Battle of Fort Donelson.

John Buchanan Floyd

John Buchanan Floyd (June 1, 1806 – August 26, 1863), was a Virginia politician (legislator and governor),…

Charles James Folger (April 16, 1818 &ndash; September 4, 1884) was an American politician, jurist and U.S. Secretary of the Treasury.

Charles James Folger

Charles James Folger (April 16, 1818 – September 4, 1884) was an American politician, jurist and…

Andrew Hull Foote (September 12, 1806 &ndash; June 26, 1863) was an admiral in the United States Navy who served during the American Civil War.

Andrew Hull Foote

Andrew Hull Foote (September 12, 1806 – June 26, 1863) was an admiral in the United States Navy…

Nathan Bedford Forrest (July 13, 1821 – October 29, 1877) was a lieutenant general in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. He served as the first Grand Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan, a secret vigilante organization which launched a reign of terrorism against African-Americans, Northerners that had moved to the postwar South, Southerners who supported the Union, and Republicans during the Reconstruction era in the Southern United States.

Nathan Bedford Forrest

Nathan Bedford Forrest (July 13, 1821 – October 29, 1877) was a lieutenant general in the Confederate…

William Buel Franklin (February 27, 1823 &ndash; March 8, 1903) was a career United States Army officer and a Union Army general in the American Civil War.

William Buel Franklin

William Buel Franklin (February 27, 1823 – March 8, 1903) was a career United States Army officer…

The Second Battle of Franklin (more popularly known simply as The Battle of Franklin) was fought at Franklin, Tennessee, on November 30, 1864, as part of the Franklin-Nashville Campaign of the American Civil War.

Battlefield of Franklin

The Second Battle of Franklin (more popularly known simply as The Battle of Franklin) was fought at…

The Battle of Fredericksburg, fought in and around Fredericksburg, Virginia, from December 11 to December 15, 1862, between General Robert E. Lee's Confederate Army of Northern Virginia and the Union Army of the Potomac, commanded by Maj. Gen. Ambrose E. Burnside, is remembered as one of the most one-sided battles of the American Civil War.

The Attack on Fredericksburg

The Battle of Fredericksburg, fought in and around Fredericksburg, Virginia, from December 11 to December…

The Battle of Fredericksburg, fought in and around Fredericksburg, Virginia, from December 11 to December 15, 1862, between General Robert E. Lee's Confederate Army of Northern Virginia and the Union Army of the Potomac, commanded by Maj. Gen. Ambrose E. Burnside, is remembered as one of the most one-sided battles of the American Civil War.

Scene in Fredericksburg on the Morning of Dec. 12, 1862

The Battle of Fredericksburg, fought in and around Fredericksburg, Virginia, from December 11 to December…

An illustration of a Florida Cracker. Florida Cracker refers to the original colonial era American pioneer settlers of the State of Florida. The first Florida Crackers arrived in 1763 when Spain traded Florida to Great Britain. The British divided the territory into East Florida and West Florida, and began to aggressively recruit settlers to the area, offering free land and financial backing for export-oriented business.

Florida Cracker

An illustration of a Florida Cracker. Florida Cracker refers to the original colonial era American pioneer…

An illustration of a brown pelican with a fish in it's mouth and a sea gull resting on his back. The brown pelican is the smallest of the eight species of pelican, although it is a large bird in nearly every other regard. It lives strictly on coasts from Washington and Virginia south to northern Chile and the mouth of the Amazon River, as well as the island of Saut d'Eau in Trinidad and Tobago. Some immature birds may stray to inland freshwater lakes. After nesting, North American birds move in flocks further north along the coasts, returning to warmer waters for winter. Their young are hatched in broods of about 3, and eat around 150 lbs. of fish in the 8-10 month period they are cared for. Gulls (often informally Seagulls) are birds in the family Laridae. They are typically medium to large birds, usually gray or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They typically have harsh wailing or squawking calls. They have stout, longish bills, and webbed feet.

Brown Pelican and Sea Gull

An illustration of a brown pelican with a fish in it's mouth and a sea gull resting on his back. The…

An illustration of a woman exchanging her gold for American currency.

Currency Exchange

An illustration of a woman exchanging her gold for American currency.

An illustration of Bowery Theater, a playhouse in the Bowery neighborhood of New York City. Although it was founded by rich families to compete with the upscale Park Theater, the Bowery saw its most successful period under the populist, pro-American management of Thomas Hamblin in the 1830s and 1840s. By the 1850s, the theater came to cater to immigrant groups such as the Irish, Germans, and Chinese. It burnt down 5 times in 17 years, a fire in 1929 destroying it for good. Although the theater's name changed several times (Thalia Theater, Fay's Bowery Theater, etc.), it was generally referred to as the "Bowery Theater".

Bowery Theater

An illustration of Bowery Theater, a playhouse in the Bowery neighborhood of New York City. Although…

Theodore Frelinghuysen (March 28, 1787 – April 12, 1862) was an American politician, serving as New Jersey Attorney General, United States Senator, and Mayor of Newark, New Jersey before running as a candidate for Vice President with Henry Clay on the Whig ticket in the election of 1844.

Theodore Frelinghuysen

Theodore Frelinghuysen (March 28, 1787 – April 12, 1862) was an American politician, serving as New…

John Charles Frémont (January 21, 1813 – July 13, 1890), was an American military officer, explorer, the first candidate of the Republican Party for the office of President of the United States, and the first presidential candidate of a major party to run on a platform in opposition to slavery.

John Charles Fremont

John Charles Frémont (January 21, 1813 – July 13, 1890), was an American military officer, explorer,…

William Pierce Frye (September 2, 1830 – August 8, 1911) was an American politician from the U.S. state of Maine.

William Pierce Frye

William Pierce Frye (September 2, 1830 – August 8, 1911) was an American politician from the U.S.…