ClipArt ETC
"ABC is a horizontal coil of wire terminating at the binding screws a, b. FG is a ring-shaped trough of mercury for the sliding contacts. A wire connects the mercury with the binding screw d. DE is an upright support screwed into a metal base D in connection with the binding screw c, and terminating above in a mercury cup E. When required, DE can be replaced by the shorter supports D'E' and D"E". HLK is a support for a screw L, which carries an adjustible center." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Electric Apparatus

"ABC is a horizontal coil of wire terminating at the binding screws a, b. FG is a ring-shaped trough…

A. Cross, B. Gate-house, C. Almonry, D. Chapel, E. Inner gate-house, F. Stable, G. Dormitory of lay brethren, H. Abbot's House. I. Kitchen, K. Refectory, L. Staircase to dormitory, M. Dormitory, N. Church, P. Library, R. Infirmary, S. Door to the church for the lay brothers, T. Base court, V. Great cloister, W. Small cloister, X. Boundary wall.

Bird Eye View of Citeaux

A. Cross, B. Gate-house, C. Almonry, D. Chapel, E. Inner gate-house, F. Stable, G. Dormitory of lay…

"Flagellum of Noctiluca miliaris (highly magnified). s, transversely striated substance; b, base of attachment to body of animal." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Noctiluca Miliaris

"Flagellum of Noctiluca miliaris (highly magnified). s, transversely striated substance; b, base of…

"Many plans may be propagated by planting their leaves or portions of their leaves as cuttings, as, for example, the herbaceous Gloxinia (a) and Gesnera, the succulent Sempervivum, Echeveria, Pachyphytum, and their allies and such hard-leaved plants as Theophrasta (b). The leaves are best taken off with the base whole, and should be planted in well-drained sandy soil; in due time they form roots, and ultimately from some latent bud a little shoot which forms the young plant. The treatment is precisely like that of branch cuttings. Gloxinias, begonias, etc., grow readily from fragments of the leaves cut clean through the thick veins and ribs, and planted edgewise like cuttings. This class of subjects may also be fixed flat on the surface of the cutting pot, by means of little pegs or hooks, the main ribs being cut across at intervals, and from these points roots, and eventually young tubers, will be produced." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Leaf Cuttings

"Many plans may be propagated by planting their leaves or portions of their leaves as cuttings, as,…

"Many plans may be propagated by planting their leaves or portions of their leaves as cuttings, as, for example, the herbaceous Gloxinia (a) and Gesnera, the succulent Sempervivum, Echeveria, Pachyphytum, and their allies and such hard-leaved plants as Theophrasta (b). The leaves are best taken off with the base whole, and should be planted in well-drained sandy soil; in due time they form roots, and ultimately from some latent bud a little shoot which forms the young plant. The treatment is precisely like that of branch cuttings. Gloxinias, begonias, etc., grow readily from fragments of the leaves cut clean through the thick veins and ribs, and planted edgewise like cuttings. This class of subjects may also be fixed flat on the surface of the cutting pot, by means of little pegs or hooks, the main ribs being cut across at intervals, and from these points roots, and eventually young tubers, will be produced." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Leaf Cuttings

"Many plans may be propagated by planting their leaves or portions of their leaves as cuttings, as,…

"a shows a young tree with its second year's growth, the upright shoot of the maiden tree having been moderately headed back, being left longer if the buds near the base promise to break freely, or cut shorter if they are weak and wanting in vigour. The winter pruning, carried out with the view to shape the tree into a well-grown pyramid, would be effected at the places marked by a cross line." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Pyramid Pruning

"a shows a young tree with its second year's growth, the upright shoot of the maiden tree having been…

"The nature of the cut itself in pruning is of more consequence, especially in the case of fruit trees, than at first signt may appear. The branches should be separated by a clean cut at an angle of abouot 45 degrees, just at the back of a bud, the cut entering on a level with the base of the bud and passing out on a level with its top, for when cut in this way the wound becomes rapidly covered with new wood, as soon as growth recommences, whereas if the cut is too close the bud is starved, or if less close an ugly and awkward snag is left." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Pruning

"The nature of the cut itself in pruning is of more consequence, especially in the case of fruit trees,…

"The nature of the cut itself in pruning is of more consequence, especially in the case of fruit trees, than at first signt may appear. The branches should be separated by a clean cut at an angle of abouot 45 degrees, just at the back of a bud, the cut entering on a level with the base of the bud and passing out on a level with its top, for when cut in this way the wound becomes rapidly covered with new wood, as soon as growth recommences, whereas if the cut is too close the bud is starved, or if less close an ugly and awkward snag is left." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Pruning

"The nature of the cut itself in pruning is of more consequence, especially in the case of fruit trees,…

"The nature of the cut itself in pruning is of more consequence, especially in the case of fruit trees, than at first signt may appear. The branches should be separated by a clean cut at an angle of abouot 45 degrees, just at the back of a bud, the cut entering on a level with the base of the bud and passing out on a level with its top, for when cut in this way the wound becomes rapidly covered with new wood, as soon as growth recommences, whereas if the cut is too close the bud is starved, or if less close an ugly and awkward snag is left." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Pruning

"The nature of the cut itself in pruning is of more consequence, especially in the case of fruit trees,…

"The nature of the cut itself in pruning is of more consequence, especially in the case of fruit trees, than at first signt may appear. The branches should be separated by a clean cut at an angle of abouot 45 degrees, just at the back of a bud, the cut entering on a level with the base of the bud and passing out on a level with its top, for when cut in this way the wound becomes rapidly covered with new wood, as soon as growth recommences, whereas if the cut is too close the bud is starved, or if less close an ugly and awkward snag is left." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Pruning

"The nature of the cut itself in pruning is of more consequence, especially in the case of fruit trees,…

"The nature of the cut itself in pruning is of more consequence, especially in the case of fruit trees, than at first signt may appear. The branches should be separated by a clean cut at an angle of abouot 45 degrees, just at the back of a bud, the cut entering on a level with the base of the bud and passing out on a level with its top, for when cut in this way the wound becomes rapidly covered with new wood, as soon as growth recommences, whereas if the cut is too close the bud is starved, or if less close an ugly and awkward snag is left." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Pruning

"The nature of the cut itself in pruning is of more consequence, especially in the case of fruit trees,…

"The nature of the cut itself in pruning is of more consequence, especially in the case of fruit trees, than at first signt may appear. The branches should be separated by a clean cut at an angle of abouot 45 degrees, just at the back of a bud, the cut entering on a level with the base of the bud and passing out on a level with its top, for when cut in this way the wound becomes rapidly covered with new wood, as soon as growth recommences, whereas if the cut is too close the bud is starved, or if less close an ugly and awkward snag is left." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Pruning

"The nature of the cut itself in pruning is of more consequence, especially in the case of fruit trees,…

"Muscular cells of medusae (Lizzia). The uppermost is a purely muscular cell from the sub-umbrella; the two lower are epidermo-muscular cells from the base of a tentacle; the upstanding nucloated portion forms part of the epidermal mosaic on the free surface of the body." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Muscular Cells

"Muscular cells of medusae (Lizzia). The uppermost is a purely muscular cell from the sub-umbrella;…

"Medusiform person (Lizzia), one of the Anthomedusae, detached from a hydroid colony of the family Endendridae. Ocelli are seen at the base of the tentacles, and two medusiform buds on the sides of the manubrium." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Lizzia

"Medusiform person (Lizzia), one of the Anthomedusae, detached from a hydroid colony of the family Endendridae.…

"Medusiform person, one of the Anthomedusae, detached from a hydroid colony of Syncoryne. Ocelli are seen at the base of the tentacles, and also (as an exception) groups of medusiform buds." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Anthomedusae

"Medusiform person, one of the Anthomedusae, detached from a hydroid colony of Syncoryne. Ocelli are…

"A genus of marine animals closely allied to the Hydraform Polypi, but of much greater size, and always living separately, very generally affixed by the base of rocks or shells. The olk genus Actinia has been subdivided into a number of genera, and is now the type of a gamily, Actiniadae. They consist of a fleshy sac with one orifice, around which are numerous tentacula, and when these are expanded, much resemble flowers, and have therefore been called Animal Flowers and Sea Anemones." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Actinia

"A genus of marine animals closely allied to the Hydraform Polypi, but of much greater size, and always…

"A genus of marine animals closely allied to the Hydraform Polypi, but of much greater size, and always living separately, very generally affixed by the base of rocks or shells. The olk genus Actinia has been subdivided into a number of genera, and is now the type of a gamily, Actiniadae. They consist of a fleshy sac with one orifice, around which are numerous tentacula, and when these are expanded, much resemble flowers, and have therefore been called Animal Flowers and Sea Anemones." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Actinia

"A genus of marine animals closely allied to the Hydraform Polypi, but of much greater size, and always…

"Arum maculatum. a, leaves and root; b, spathe, with base of spadix exposed; c, fruit." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Arum Maculatum

"Arum maculatum. a, leaves and root; b, spathe, with base of spadix exposed; c, fruit." — Chambers'…

"A genus of plants of the natural order Rutaceae, having a short 5-partite calx, five some-what unequal petals, ten stamens, and five 1—3 seeded follicular capsules cohering at the base." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Dittany

"A genus of plants of the natural order Rutaceae, having a short 5-partite calx, five some-what unequal…

"Schizomus crassicaudaius, one of the Tartarid Pedipalpi. Ventral view of a female with the appendages cut short near the base. a, Prosternum of prosoma. b, Metasternum of prosoma. prae-gen, The prae-genital somite. I opisth, First somite of the opisthosoma. II opisth, Eleventh somite of the opisthosoma. pa, Post-anal lobe of the female." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Schizomus

"Schizomus crassicaudaius, one of the Tartarid Pedipalpi. Ventral view of a female with the appendages…

"Liphistius desultor. Lateral view. I to VI, Appendages of the prosoma cut off at the base. o, Ocular tubercle. praegen, The prae-genital somite. 1 and 2, Sternites of the first and second opisthosomatic somites. 3 and 4, Appendages of the third and fourth opisthosomatic somites, which are the spinning organs, and in this genus occupy their primitive position instead of migrating to the anal region as in other spiders. 5, Tergite of the fifth opisthosomatic somite. II, Eleventh opisthosomatic somite; an, Anus." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Liphistius Desultor

"Liphistius desultor. Lateral view. I to VI, Appendages of the prosoma cut off at the base. o, Ocular…

"Koenenia Mirabilis, Grassi, one of the Palpigradi. A, Ventral view of prosoma and of anterior region of opisthosoma with the appendages cut off near the base; a and b, prosternites; c, mesosternite; and d, metasternite of the prosoma; f, ventral surface of the prae-genital somite; g, sternite of the genital somite (first opisthosomatic somite). B, Dorsal view. I to VI, prosomatic appendages; I, opisth, genital somite (first opisthosomatic somite). C, Lateral view, I to VI, prosomatic appendages; a, b, c, the three tergal plates of the prosoma; prae-gen, the prae-genital somite; 1 to 10, the ten somites of the opisthosoma. D, Chelicera." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Koenenia Mirabilis

"Koenenia Mirabilis, Grassi, one of the Palpigradi. A, Ventral view of prosoma and of anterior region…

"Galeodes sp., one of the Solifugae. Ventral view with the appendages cut off at the base. I to VI, Prosomatic appendages. s, Prosomatic stigma or aperture of the tracheal system. 1, First opisthosomatic sternite covering the genital aperture g. 2, Second opisthosomatic sternite covering the second pair of tracheal apertures sp1. Sp2, The third pair of tracheal apertures. 10, The tenth opisthosomatic somite. an, The anal aperture." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Galeodes

"Galeodes sp., one of the Solifugae. Ventral view with the appendages cut off at the base. I to VI,…

"Stylocellus sumatranus, one of the Opiliones; after Thorell. Enlarged. A, Dorsal view; I to VI, the six prosomatic appendages. B, Ventral view of the prosoma and of the first somite of the opisthosoma, with the appendages I to VI cut off at the base; a, tracheal stigma; mx, maxillary processes of the coxae of the 3rd pair of appendages; g, genital aperture. C, Ventral surface of the prosoma and opisthosoma; a, tracheal stigma; b, last somite. D, Lateral view of the 1st and 2nd pair of apendages. E, Lateral view of the whole body and two 1st appendages, showing the fusion of the dorsal elements of the prosoma into a single plate, and of those of the opisthosoma into an imperfectly segmented plate continuous with that of the prosoma." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Stylocellus Sumatranus

"Stylocellus sumatranus, one of the Opiliones; after Thorell. Enlarged. A, Dorsal view; I to VI, the…

"The blocks, which are technically known as voussoirs, should be of a wedge shape, the center or top block being the keystone A; the lower blocks B B which rest on the supporting pier are the springers, the upper surface of which is called the skewback, C C; the side blocks, as D, are termed the hauches. The lower surface or soffit of the arch is the intrados, E, and the upper surface the entrados, F. The rise of the arch is the distance from the springing to the soffit, G, the width between the springers is called the span, H, and the radius I. The triangular spaces between the arches are termed spandrils, K." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Arch

"The blocks, which are technically known as voussoirs, should be of a wedge shape, the center or top…

"The "block" chain consists of a series of central blocks connected by side plates." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Bicycle Chain

"The "block" chain consists of a series of central blocks connected by side plates." — The Encyclopedia…

"The section and ground plan of one of the older forms of open-mouthed furnaces used at Dowlais (Truran), consisting of a heavy mass of mascury, square at base, strongly braced together with iron tie-rods, rising in the shape of a truncated pyramid to the height of the boshes, and then surmounted with a conical top surrounded at the throat by a gallery for the introduction of the enarging materials. In the square base were four arched recesses or tuyere houses, one on each side, F, F, for the introduction of G also serving for the removal of cinder and the tapping of the furnace for the running of the pig. The lowest portion of the hearth or crucible, A, was constructed of refractory sandstone, grit, or conglomerate, or of difficulty fusible firebrick, the inner portion of the upper part of the furnace being also built of firebrick set in fireclay with an air course between the double lining thus constructed; exteriorly the furnace was built of less expensive and refractory materials, usually of stone, strongly bound round with iron hoops." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Furnace

"The section and ground plan of one of the older forms of open-mouthed furnaces used at Dowlais (Truran),…

"The more modern furnaces are constructed like this, but the masonry at the base is still less massive, so that, instead of there being four distinct tuyere houses, the separating walls of the houses are wholly cut away and replaced by a number of stout iron pillars on which rests the greater portion of the weight of the superstructure; through the walls of the hearth are pierced conical arched openings for the tuyeres; the throat is fitted with a valve for introducing materials from time to time, such as the cup and cone arrangement." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Furnace

"The more modern furnaces are constructed like this, but the masonry at the base is still less massive,…

A diagram showing the titles for different types of architecture.

Elements of an Architectural Order

A diagram showing the titles for different types of architecture.

"The electrical machine most usually employed consists of a large circular plate of glass, mounted upon a metallic axis, and supported upon pillars fixed to a secure base, so that the plate can, by means of a handle, w, be turned with ease. Upon the supports of the glass, and fixed so as to press easily but uniformly on the plate, are four rubbers, marked r r r r in the figure; and flaps of silk, s s, oiled on one side, are attached to these, and secured to fixed supports by several silk cords. When the machine is put in motion, these flaps of silk are drawn tightly against the glass, and thus the friction is increased, and electricity excited. The points p p collect the electricity from the glass, and convey it to the conductor, c, which is supported by the glass rod g." —Wells, 1857

Electrical Machine

"The electrical machine most usually employed consists of a large circular plate of glass, mounted upon…

"A form of an electrical machine. S being the glass cylinder turning on an axis, Y the conductor, F the rubber, A A supports." —Wells, 1857

Electrical Machine

"A form of an electrical machine. S being the glass cylinder turning on an axis, Y the conductor, F…

"Part of Lapidary's Mill. A, upper summer (cut through); B, lower summer (cut through); C, spindle; D, pulley; E, lap; F, table (cut through); g, g, wooden blocks, adjusted by means of wedges." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Lapidary's Mill

"Part of Lapidary's Mill. A, upper summer (cut through); B, lower summer (cut through); C, spindle;…

"Beacons in exposed situations are constructed sometimes of stone, and cement-concrete or cement-rubble, but generally of castiron columns let into heavy base plates which are fixed to the rock by strong lewis bats. The small class iron beacons are generally of malleable iron and the larger of cast-iron butt steel or bronze might with advantage be used in very exposed places." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Beacon

"Beacons in exposed situations are constructed sometimes of stone, and cement-concrete or cement-rubble,…

A large triangular bone as the base of the spine. Resides between the two hip bones.

Human Sacrum

A large triangular bone as the base of the spine. Resides between the two hip bones.

A large triangular bone as the base of the spine. Resides in between the two hip bones.

Human Sacrum

A large triangular bone as the base of the spine. Resides in between the two hip bones.

A large triangular bone as the base of the spine. Resides inbetween the two hip bones.

Bird Sacrum

A large triangular bone as the base of the spine. Resides inbetween the two hip bones.

"The mouth, nose and pharynx, with the commencement of the gullet and larynx, as exposed by a section, a little to the left of the median plane of the head. a, vertebral column; b, gullet; c, wind-pipe; d, larynx; e, epiglottis; f, soft palate; g, opning of eustachian tube; k, tongue; l, hard palate; m, the sphenoid bone on the base of the skull; n, the fore part of the cranial cavity; o, p, q, the turbinate bones of the outer side of the left nostril-chamber." —Martin, 1917

Mouth

"The mouth, nose and pharynx, with the commencement of the gullet and larynx, as exposed by a section,…

A hair. 1: External part; 2: Sac in skin; 3: Surface of Cuticle; 4: Sebaceous membrane; 5: Bulb at base; 6: Nourishing vessel.

Hair

A hair. 1: External part; 2: Sac in skin; 3: Surface of Cuticle; 4: Sebaceous membrane; 5: Bulb at base;…

"If the base is a square and the prism stands erect—that is, if its sides or lateral planes, as they are called, are perpendicular to the base—the form is termed a right square prism." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

Primitive Crystal

"If the base is a square and the prism stands erect—that is, if its sides or lateral planes, as…

"When the base is a rectangle instead of a square, the form is a right rectangular prism." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

Primitive Crystal

"When the base is a rectangle instead of a square, the form is a right rectangular prism." —The…

"When the base is a rhombus, and the prism stands erect, the form is a right rhombic prism." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

Primitive Crystal

"When the base is a rhombus, and the prism stands erect, the form is a right rhombic prism." —The…

"When the base is a rhomboid, and the prism stands erect, it is only the opposite laeral faces that can be equal. The form is called a right rhomboidal prism." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

Primitive Crystal

"When the base is a rhomboid, and the prism stands erect, it is only the opposite laeral faces that…

In this figure <em>BB</em> is the base line; <em>HH</em> the common horizontal or vanishing line; <em>C</em> the centre of view in that vanishing linel <em>LL</em> the vanishing line of the ascent; and <em>C1</em> the centre of view in that vanishing line.

Horizontal Line Diagram

In this figure BB is the base line; HH the common horizontal or vanishing line; C…

This figure comprises the whole of the points and lines preparatory to beginning a drawing in "angular perspective." 1) The point of sight; 2)The horizontal line; 3) The point of station; 4) The nearest corner of the object to be drawn; 5) The ground line of the building or object, lying on that side, and produced from the nearest corner up to the horizontal line, in order to determine the vanishing point marked 5; 6) A line taken from the vanishing point 5, to the point of station 3; 7) A line drawn at right angles to 6, and extending from the point of station to the horizontal line, at its junction with which the vanishing point, marked 8, is determined; 9) A point of measurement obtained by the use of the vanishing point 8; 10) The other point of measurement, obtained by vanishing point 5; 11) The geometrical scale of the building or object upon a base line drawn through the nearest corner.

Angular Perspective

This figure comprises the whole of the points and lines preparatory to beginning a drawing in "angular…

The perspective in this plate is "angular perspective," and the figure it represents is a flat square surface; its dimensions are supposed to be either twenty feet or twenty inches. 1) Two lines drawn from the nearest corner of theboard, to the horizontal line, and at a distance from each other equal to the thickness of the board; this fixes the vanishing point at 1. 2) A line drawn from the above vanishing point to the point of station. 3) A line taken at right angles to 2, from the point of station, and fixing on the horizontal line the position of the vanishing point 3. 4) Two lines drawn from the nearest corner of the board to the vanishing point 3, similarly to the previously drawn lines 1. 5) One point of measurement, obtained in the usual way, by the distance of 3 from the point of station. 6) The point of measurement. 7) The line of the geometrical scale, being a line drawn across the base of the nearest corner, and marked according to scale, twenty feet or twenty inches. 8,8) Lines taken from either end of the geometrical scale towards the point of measurement, but extending no farther than where they meet the lines 1,1, and 4,4. 9,10) Small perpendicular lines drawn at the above intersections, by which the width of the board is ascertained. 11) The side of the board opposite and really parallel to that marked 4, and therefore tending to the same vanishing point. 12) The back of the board, opposite and parallel to the front marked 1, and consequently tending to the same vanishing point. The lines 1,1; 4,4; 11 and 12, being strongly marked, the figure will be completed.

Angular Perspective

The perspective in this plate is "angular perspective," and the figure it represents is a flat square…

Two upright oblong figures are here represented in parallel perspective. They may be imagined to resemble the sides and fronts of houses, or their blank walls. One of the figures has two others attached to it of equal dimensions; and these additions might be similarly multiplied to any extent, by the numbers, 7, 8, 9 and 10, in the followig rules. 1) Lines forming to complete fronts of two separate and detached oblongs. 2) The geometrical scale at the base, marked twenty feet. 3) The ground lines of the fronts running to the vanishing point. 4) The top lines tending to vanishing point. 5) Lines from the geometrical scale, to the points of measurement, determining the perspective depths of the oblongs. 6) Perpendicular lines raised at the intersection of the lines 3 and 5, and giving the farthest upright corner lines of the oblongs. The two figures will thus be completed. The remaining lines inserted in the figure are intended to give two other oblongs (or rather their retiring sides) attached to the first, and supposed to be of the same dimensions. They are determined first by finding the centre 7 of the near corner line 1. From 7 a line is drawn to the vanishing point. A line marked 8 is then drawn from the near extremity of 1 through 6, where it is cut by 7; at its intersection with the bottom line 3, the perpendicular line 9 is raised, and another oblong front is completed. A line 10 is drawn, and determined as the line 8 was, from the top of 6, and by crossing the lines 7 and 3. The lines 13, 14, and 15, are inserted merely to show the inner side and back of the other oblong, as they would be seen were the object made of glass. Thus 13,13 are lines for the top and bottom of the back; formed by drawing them to the vanishing point; 14,14 are the top and bottom lines of the farthest side, found by straight lines being drawn from both ends of , until they meet 13,13; at which point of meeting the upright corner of the oblong are completed.

Parallel Perspective

Two upright oblong figures are here represented in parallel perspective. They may be imagined to resemble…

That an accurate notion of the vertical line may be obtained, the plane of the picture must be supposed to be perpendicular to the horizontal plane. If a straight line be drawn from the spectator's eye, perpendicular to this plane of the picture, that line will fall upon the plane at a point in the horizontal line directly opposite to the eye. This point, C, is called the centre of the picture, or centre of view. In reference to the eye of the spectator, every straight line perpendicular to the plane of the picture appears to converge towards this point or centre. The line which, drawn from the eye of the spectator, determines this centre C, is called the vertical line. It is a straight line through S, perpendicular to the horizontal line, and the base of the picture; and is represented by the line EC.

Vertical Line

That an accurate notion of the vertical line may be obtained, the plane of the picture must be supposed…

As a rule, the antennae are straight, without break from base to tip; but occasionally they are <em>geniculate</em>, or elbowed; that is to say, there is one very long basal joint, the "scape," followed by a series of smaller segments se in at right angles to it.

Geniculate Antenna

As a rule, the antennae are straight, without break from base to tip; but occasionally they are geniculate,…

The potato-stalk borer, is a small ash gray weevil about one-sixth of an inch in length, with a black snout and three small black spots at the base of the wing-covers

Potato-Stalk Borer Larva

The potato-stalk borer, is a small ash gray weevil about one-sixth of an inch in length, with a black…

The potato-stalk borer, is a small ash gray weevil about one-sixth of an inch in length, with a black snout and three small black spots at the base of the wing-covers

Potato-Stalk Borer Pupa

The potato-stalk borer, is a small ash gray weevil about one-sixth of an inch in length, with a black…

The potato-stalk borer, is a small ash gray weevil about one-sixth of an inch in length, with a black snout and three small black spots at the base of the wing-covers

Potato-Stalk Borer Adult

The potato-stalk borer, is a small ash gray weevil about one-sixth of an inch in length, with a black…

Diagrammatic section through an arm of the lophophore of Crania. 1, the lip; 2, the base of a tentacle bisected in the middle line; 3, great arm-sinus; 4, small arm-sinus, containing muscle-fibres; 5, tentacular canal; 6, external tentacular muscle; 7, tentacular blood-vessel arising from the cut arm-vesel in the small arm-sinus; 8, chief arm-nerve; 9, secondary arm-nerve; 10, under arm-nerve.

Brachiopoda

Diagrammatic section through an arm of the lophophore of Crania. 1, the lip; 2, the base of a tentacle…

This insect derives its common name from the fact that it seems to prefer clustering in great numbers at the base of the horns of cattle, although it is really just as abundant on the flanks, pon the udder, and in other places where it cannot be readily reached by the animals.

Horn Fly

This insect derives its common name from the fact that it seems to prefer clustering in great numbers…

Funaria hygrometrica. Median longitudinal section of a capsule, with the seta gradually widening into the apophysis at its base

Bryophyta

Funaria hygrometrica. Median longitudinal section of a capsule, with the seta gradually widening into…

Section of a flax-seed magnified and divided flat-wise: turned round, so that the stem-end (caulicle) of the embryo is below: the whole broad upper part is the inner face of one of the cotyledons: the minute nick at its base is the plumule.

Flax-seed

Section of a flax-seed magnified and divided flat-wise: turned round, so that the stem-end (caulicle)…

Germination of Silver Maple, natural size; merely the base of the fruit, containing the seed, is shown.

Germination of Silver Maple

Germination of Silver Maple, natural size; merely the base of the fruit, containing the seed, is shown.

Half of an acorn, cut lengthwise, filled by the very thick cotyledons, the base of which encloses the minute caulicle.

Acorn

Half of an acorn, cut lengthwise, filled by the very thick cotyledons, the base of which encloses the…

An auxiliary bud, concealed under the hollowed base of the leafstalk, in Buttonwood or Plane-tree.

Auxiliary Bud

An auxiliary bud, concealed under the hollowed base of the leafstalk, in Buttonwood or Plane-tree.

Red-Maple branch, with accessory buds placed side by side. The annular lines toward the base are scars of the bud-scales, and indicate the place of the winter-bud of the preceding year.

Red-Maple branch

Red-Maple branch, with accessory buds placed side by side. The annular lines toward the base are scars…

Spine of Cockspur Thorn developed from an auxiliary bud, as the leaf-scar below witnesses: an accessory leaf-bud is seen at its base.

Cockspur Thorn

Spine of Cockspur Thorn developed from an auxiliary bud, as the leaf-scar below witnesses: an accessory…