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"The representation shows the arrangement of the tiers or oars in a two-banked ship. In just what way the lines of rowers in triremes and quinqueremes were arranged is unknown."—Myers, 1904

Prow of a Roman War Ship

"The representation shows the arrangement of the tiers or oars in a two-banked ship. In just what way…

Also known as Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus. He was a military and political leader of the late Roman Republic.

Pompey the Great

Also known as Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus. He was a military and political leader of the late Roman Republic.

Political advisor to Octavian, the first Emperor of Rome.

Mæcenas

Political advisor to Octavian, the first Emperor of Rome.

The Emperor of Rome from 69 to 79.

Vespasian

The Emperor of Rome from 69 to 79.

Also known as Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus. Emperor of Rome from 98 to 117.

Trajan

Also known as Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus. Emperor of Rome from 98 to 117.

Emperor of Rome from 284 to 305.

Diocletian

Emperor of Rome from 284 to 305.

A luxurious couch used during the era of the Roman Empire.

Semicircular Dining Couch

A luxurious couch used during the era of the Roman Empire.

A common item of men's clothing during the Middle Ages. It is a short coat with short sleeves or shoulder pieces.

Tabard

A common item of men's clothing during the Middle Ages. It is a short coat with short sleeves or shoulder…

The heraldic charge of the eagle is one of the earliest charges. It holds the same rank that the lion maintains among beasts.

Eagle

The heraldic charge of the eagle is one of the earliest charges. It holds the same rank that the lion…

An ancient pen and ink holder.

Penner and Inkhorn

An ancient pen and ink holder.

"Shield of John de Hastings, K.G., Earl of Pembroke, Quatering De Hastings and De Valence, and impaling France ancient and England quarterly."—Aveling, 1891

Shield of John de Hastings

"Shield of John de Hastings, K.G., Earl of Pembroke, Quatering De Hastings and De Valence, and impaling…

An ancient Assyrian divider with an ornamental horse design.

Assyrian Divider 1

An ancient Assyrian divider with an ornamental horse design.

A decorative divider dating back from ancient Assyria.

Assyrian Divider 2

A decorative divider dating back from ancient Assyria.

An ancient Assyrian wall relief, showing four hunters.

Assyrian Wall Relief

An ancient Assyrian wall relief, showing four hunters.

An ancient Assyrian wall relief, depicting two hunters on a chariot.

Assyrian Chariot Wall Relief

An ancient Assyrian wall relief, depicting two hunters on a chariot.

An ancient Assyrian wall relief, depicting the symbol of a winged bull with the head of a human male.

Winged Bull

An ancient Assyrian wall relief, depicting the symbol of a winged bull with the head of a human male.

A wall relief of the ancient Assyrian lion. These sculptures were placed in doorways as protective entities.

Assyrian Lion

A wall relief of the ancient Assyrian lion. These sculptures were placed in doorways as protective entities.

A watch with roman numerals.

Watch

A watch with roman numerals.

Fig is a fruit producing tree. The cultivation of figs goes back to ancient times. It is native to the Mediterranean region, Syria, eastern Persia, and Afghanistan.

Fruiting Branch of Fig

Fig is a fruit producing tree. The cultivation of figs goes back to ancient times. It is native to the…

The common name of <I>Artemisia pontica</I> is Roman wormwood. The plant is shrubby and erect, growing between one and four feet tall. The flower heads are small and whitish yellow.

Artemisia Pontica

The common name of Artemisia pontica is Roman wormwood. The plant is shrubby and erect, growing between…

Illustrated a various ancient plows.

Ancient Plows

Illustrated a various ancient plows.

Pictured is an ancient olive tree in an orchard in the south of France.

Ancient Olive Tree

Pictured is an ancient olive tree in an orchard in the south of France.

An illustration of an outdoor scene in ancient Arabia. Pictured are camels, shepherds, and others going about their miscellaneous tasks.

A Scene In Arabia

An illustration of an outdoor scene in ancient Arabia. Pictured are camels, shepherds, and others going…

The image of a Roman legionnaire. He is equipped with a dense breastplate, a helm, a large round shield, greaves, and a short sword.

Arms and Armor

The image of a Roman legionnaire. He is equipped with a dense breastplate, a helm, a large round shield,…

An array of miscellaneous ancient armors. The image depicts (1) a cuirass, often referred to as a coat of mail, (2) a helmet, (3) the shield, and (4), the greaves.

Arms and Armor

An array of miscellaneous ancient armors. The image depicts (1) a cuirass, often referred to as a coat…

An array of weapons used in ancient times (some of which are still used today). Among these weapons are a shortbow, a longbow, a battle axe, several spears, an arrow, and several swords.

Arms and Armor: Weapons

An array of weapons used in ancient times (some of which are still used today). Among these weapons…

An image of the Acropolis, as it was, seated in Athens, Greece. The Acropolis is an ancient, famed citadel that rests on a rocky outcrop above the city of Athens, and is a part of the World Heritage List.

The Acropolis

An image of the Acropolis, as it was, seated in Athens, Greece. The Acropolis is an ancient, famed citadel…

Eight styles of beards from ancient Egyptian paintings.

Egyptian Beards

Eight styles of beards from ancient Egyptian paintings.

Grouping of ancient scrolls, writing pens, and inkstand.

Ancient Scrolls

Grouping of ancient scrolls, writing pens, and inkstand.

An ancient crown/turban.

ancient crown/turban

An ancient crown/turban.

The gonfalon, gonfalone (from the early Italian confalone) is a type of heraldic flag or banner, often pointed, swallow-tailed, or with several streamers, and suspended from a crossbar in an identical manner to the ancient Roman vexillum.

Gonfanon

The gonfalon, gonfalone (from the early Italian confalone) is a type of heraldic flag or banner, often…

This illustration shows various types of gladiators, each type with with his specific weapons attributed to him. Gladiators were swordsmen whose profession was to fight for the public amusement. Gladiators are said to have been borrowed by Rome from the Etruscans. They were first exhibited in Rome in 246 BC, primarily at funerals, but afterwards at festivals, particularly those celebrated by the aediles and other magistrates. More than ten thousand were shown at Trajan's triumph over the Dacians. They were either free-born citizens, usually of a low class, who fought for hire, or captives, slaves, or malefactors, and were kept in schools, where they were carefully trained. Chief varieties were Andabatae, who wore helmets with no openings for the eyes, so that their blindfold movements provoked the spectators' mirth; Mirmillones, who used Gallic weapons, sword and shield; Retiarii, who carried a net and a three-pronged lance -- the net to entangle their opponents; and Thraces, who, like the Thracians, used a short sword and a round buckler. When a gladiator was severely wounded and defeated, the people cried out 'Habet' (He has it), and he lowered his arms; then, if the spectators wished his life to be spared, they turned their thumbs down; but it they desired his death, they turned them up. These combats were often attended by great cruelty and callousness on the part of the spectators; sometimes they were fights à outrance, none being spared alive. Discharged gladiators were presented with a rudis, or wooden sword, and hence were called rudiarii. Gladiatorial combats were disliked by the Greeks, and practically never took place in Greek cities.

Gladiators

This illustration shows various types of gladiators, each type with with his specific weapons attributed…

This illustration shows an early form of a glove, used to cover the hands. This glove was likely made of goat or sheepskin.

Early Glove

This illustration shows an early form of a glove, used to cover the hands. This glove was likely made…

Ancient harp.

Ancient harp

Ancient harp.

An ancient harp.

Harp

An ancient harp.

In heraldry, the griffin is a fabulous animal, with the head and forefeet of an eagle, and the body, hind legs, and tail of a lion. The head is represented with pricked ears, symbolical of its vigilance. In mythology, the griffin was a creature similar in form to the griffin of heraldry, which was supposed to find its especial function in watching over hidden treasure, especially in Scythia. It was dedicated to the sun-god Apollo, whose chariot appears in early art as drawn by griffins. It was a favorite ornamental 'theme' in ancient Babylonian and Persian art, and is also found in a similar way on art objects of the Phoenicians, the Mycenæan civilization, and the ancient Greeks. The Romans and art-workers of the renaissance used it as a purely decorative device.

Griffin

In heraldry, the griffin is a fabulous animal, with the head and forefeet of an eagle, and the body,…

The courtyard of an antique structure.

Courtyard of a House

The courtyard of an antique structure.

An ancient epistle, or letter found in the Bible.

Epistle

An ancient epistle, or letter found in the Bible.

Two Roman As, or mite, a denomination of Roman currency.

Mite

Two Roman As, or mite, a denomination of Roman currency.

This illustration shows a section of a tooth of a typical Labyrinthodont. Labyrinthodont, or Stegocephali is a race of extinct amphibians, the remains of which are found in the Permian, Carboniferous, and Triassic strata. Many of them were giants compared with our modern amphibians, from which they differed markedly in possessing an armature of bony plates in various degrees of completeness. In general habit, they resembled the newt or salamander. The name Labyrinthodont refers to the mazy pattern exhibited on a transverse section of the teeth of some genera. Among the best known genera are Archegosaurus, Loxomma, and Mastodonsaurus.

Section of Tooth of Typical Labyrinthodont

This illustration shows a section of a tooth of a typical Labyrinthodont. Labyrinthodont, or Stegocephali…

Moloch (or Mo'lech) is the name of an ancient deity which was worshipped by the Ammonites. The Israelites also worshiped this idol for a time. Human sacrifices were the primary offering made to Moloch.

Moloch Being Worshipped

Moloch (or Mo'lech) is the name of an ancient deity which was worshipped by the Ammonites. The Israelites…

A psaltry, a stringed instrument belonging to the harp family. Originated in Greece.

The psaltry

A psaltry, a stringed instrument belonging to the harp family. Originated in Greece.

Cabbage Lettuce is distinguished by its broad leaves and low spreading habit. It is an annual plant, and has long been cultivated as a salad plant. It was grown by the Greeks and Romans for this purpose.

Cabbage Lettuce

Cabbage Lettuce is distinguished by its broad leaves and low spreading habit. It is an annual plant,…

Tambourine, drum, bells, and a triangle.

Musical instruments

Tambourine, drum, bells, and a triangle.

From the ninth to seventh century BCE in northern Iraq.

Human headed winged lion

From the ninth to seventh century BCE in northern Iraq.

An engraving of a warrior and horses from the mound of Khorsabad, Nineveh. (Capital of ancient Assyria).

Warrior and horses

An engraving of a warrior and horses from the mound of Khorsabad, Nineveh. (Capital of ancient Assyria).

The ancient idol Nisroch, the god of agriculture, in human form with a bow and arrow.

Ancient idol

The ancient idol Nisroch, the god of agriculture, in human form with a bow and arrow.

A depiction of an ancient pharaoh

Pharaoh

A depiction of an ancient pharaoh

A Roman foot-race.

Race

A Roman foot-race.

Arm rings worn by warriors.

Rings

Arm rings worn by warriors.

An ancient form of ankle bracelet.

Ankle Bracelet

An ancient form of ankle bracelet.

Israeli women would often wear rings not just on their wrists, but on their noses and ears and ankles.

Nose ring

Israeli women would often wear rings not just on their wrists, but on their noses and ears and ankles.

A Roman gladiator-style sandal.

Roman sandal

A Roman gladiator-style sandal.

A man's sandal from the Roman era.

Man's Sandal

A man's sandal from the Roman era.

Ancient Middle Eastern slipper.

Slipper

Ancient Middle Eastern slipper.

Ancient Egyptian sandal.

Ancient Egyptian Sandal

Ancient Egyptian sandal.

A scribe found in ancient Middle Eastern history.

Scribe

A scribe found in ancient Middle Eastern history.

Figures from the palace of Sennacherib, located in Kouyunjik, Nineveh (ancient Assyria).

Sennacherib

Figures from the palace of Sennacherib, located in Kouyunjik, Nineveh (ancient Assyria).

An example of figures outside of a palace in ancient Assyria.

Assyrian Figures

An example of figures outside of a palace in ancient Assyria.

Image of men bowing outside the palace of Sennacherib, located in ancient Assyria.

Men Bowing

Image of men bowing outside the palace of Sennacherib, located in ancient Assyria.