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"Where the square has a fast and a loose head, the blade should be mortised into the fixed one and the nut and thumb screw arranged as shown; the movable swivel head being used the least." —Grimshaw, 1902

Adjustable Rectangular Head T Square

"Where the square has a fast and a loose head, the blade should be mortised into the fixed one and the…

A feeding machine which has been adapted to feed and push a material with a high consistency by means of subjecting the material to a large stretching and contracting force, namely the combined actions of folding back, pulling and shearing being applied simultaneously.

Feeding Machine

A feeding machine which has been adapted to feed and push a material with a high consistency by means…

For removing a hinge pin, a tool having a wedge-shaped head mounted on a shank equipped with a support projection to receive the hinge. The head includes an impact surface for hammering the wedge portion between the hinge and the head of the hinge pin. A striker plate perpendicular to the tool shank receives impact blows to dislodge the pin from the hinge.

Pin Removal Tool

For removing a hinge pin, a tool having a wedge-shaped head mounted on a shank equipped with a support…

An illustration of the hexagonal bolt head showing measurements. The measurement of diameter, D, is used to calculate the dimensions. The diameter of the head and the nut, H, is 1 ½D ₌ ⅛, and the distance of T is half the diameter.

U.S. Standard Hexagonal Bolt Head

An illustration of the hexagonal bolt head showing measurements. The measurement of diameter, D, is…

A screw head with detailed measurements for accurate drawing. These measurements are based off the diameter of the overall screw and the head.

Diagram of Screw Head

A screw head with detailed measurements for accurate drawing. These measurements are based off the diameter…

This is a spark plug which fits into the cylinder head of some internal combustion engine and ignites compressed fuels such as aerosol gasoline.

Spark Plug

This is a spark plug which fits into the cylinder head of some internal combustion engine and ignites…

A head of the rose comb chicken. The crest on top of the chicken has a distinctive wrinkled feature.

Head of Rose Comb Chicken

A head of the rose comb chicken. The crest on top of the chicken has a distinctive wrinkled feature.

An illustration showing the pea comb chicken. The chicken's breed name comes form the comb, or the crest on the head, shaped like a pea pod.

Head of Pea Comb Chicken

An illustration showing the pea comb chicken. The chicken's breed name comes form the comb, or the crest…

A head of the walnut comb chicken. The breeding of the rose and pea comb chickens results in a walnut comb.

Chicken Head with Walnut Comb

A head of the walnut comb chicken. The breeding of the rose and pea comb chickens results in a walnut…

A head of a single comb chicken. The chicken's comb is smooth and standing on the head. The absence of the rose and pea comb allele causes the chicken to have a single comb.

Single Comb Chicken Head

A head of a single comb chicken. The chicken's comb is smooth and standing on the head. The absence…

The illustration is showing both inside and outside view of the tadpole. The left inside view shows the tadpole with two front legs, heart, intestines, and gills. The right image shows the tadpole with frog like features with forelegs, back legs, and a tail.

Inside and Outside View of Tadpole During Metamorphosis

The illustration is showing both inside and outside view of the tadpole. The left inside view shows…

This rake head is an agricultural tool consisting of a toothed bar fixed transversely to a handle, and used to collect leaves, hay, grass, etc..., sometimes used in gardening

Rake Head

This rake head is an agricultural tool consisting of a toothed bar fixed transversely to a handle, and…

"The intersection of the principal rays in this case lies in the middle of the entrance pupil or of the exit pupil. By head and eye motion the various parts of the whole field can be viewed one after another." —Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1910

Optical Position of Diaphragms using Lens

"The intersection of the principal rays in this case lies in the middle of the entrance pupil or of…

The side view of 1802 Trevithick's Steam Carriage. This horseless carriage is operated by a steam engine in the back, rotating the wheels. The front wheels turn the vehicle, operated by the stick.

Side View of 1802 Trevithick Steam Carriage

The side view of 1802 Trevithick's Steam Carriage. This horseless carriage is operated by a steam engine…

An illustration of a six cylinder Rolls Royce Pullman limousine. The limousine operated at 40 to 50 horsepower with an open driver's compartment. The closed back compartment separated the passengers and the chauffeur.

Six Cylinder Rolls Royce Pullman Limousine

An illustration of a six cylinder Rolls Royce Pullman limousine. The limousine operated at 40 to 50…

An illustration of the Rolls Royce chassis with engine and axle viewed form the top. A chassis is the underneath frame and the gears in the car. The back axle is connected to the shaft coming from the engine.

Top View of Six Cylinder 1910 Rolls Royce Chassis with Engine and Axle

An illustration of the Rolls Royce chassis with engine and axle viewed form the top. A chassis is the…

An adjustable wrench designed to fit hexagonal nuts with the adjusting screw built into the head of the wrench

Adjustable Wrench

An adjustable wrench designed to fit hexagonal nuts with the adjusting screw built into the head of…

A steam operated wagon with two speed gear. The gears are located at the intermediate shaft, moving the back wheel by a chain drive. The gearing is enclosed to protect it from dust exposure during use.

Steam Operated Wagon with Transmission Gearing with Double Helical Gear

A steam operated wagon with two speed gear. The gears are located at the intermediate shaft, moving…

An illustration of a steam wagon with a transmission with two side chains. The boiler is located on at the front, while the water tank is on the bottom back. The chain connects the back wheel and the engine.

Steam Wagon with Two Side Chains Transmitting Drive

An illustration of a steam wagon with a transmission with two side chains. The boiler is located on…

A steam wagon with single chain, connecting the back wheels to the differential gear. The engine is located at the top of the fuel bunker, connected to the large intermediate gear shaft.

Steam Wagon with Single Chain Transmitting Drive

A steam wagon with single chain, connecting the back wheels to the differential gear. The engine is…

A Yorkshire steam wagon patent with unique boiler construction. The wagon operates with the drive chain connected to the back wheel to the intermediate shaft. The boiler is located at the front oriented sideways, while the engine is located behind the driver.

Yorkshire Steam Wagon Patent

A Yorkshire steam wagon patent with unique boiler construction. The wagon operates with the drive chain…

A side internal and chassis view of Albion car. The car has 16 horsepower and weighs 2 tons. The shaft, in the middle, comes from the engine to the back gears. The back gears are connected to the wheel by a driving chain.

Internal and Chassis View of Albion Car

A side internal and chassis view of Albion car. The car has 16 horsepower and weighs 2 tons. The shaft,…

"One of the chief advantages of the side—chain drive lies in the fact that there is, with it, less weight below the springs than with any other form of final drive. The only parts below the springs are: the fixed back axle; the chain rings; the road wheels themselves; the road—wheel brakes and part of the weight of the chains." —Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1910

Six Ton Wagon Chassis

"One of the chief advantages of the side—chain drive lies in the fact that there is, with it,…

A back axle of a Leyland petrol wagon illustrating direct drive. The middle casing houses the reducing and differential gear, while the wheel axles are going through the box. The gears are moved by a shaft coming from the engine, rotating the gears and the wheels.

Back Axle of Leyland Six Ton Petrol Wagon

A back axle of a Leyland petrol wagon illustrating direct drive. The middle casing houses the reducing…

A Hallford—Stevens petrol—electric vehicle. The vehicle is considered to be an early hybrid vehicle without battery storage. The vehicle continuously ran to generate power for the back two motors connected to the wheels.

Hallford Stevens Petrol Electric Vehicle Chassis with Two Back Motors

A Hallford—Stevens petrol—electric vehicle. The vehicle is considered to be an early hybrid…

A Halley six cylinder fire engine with centrifugal pump. The fire engine pumps water from the tank in the back to put fire out with the junction hose (located on the side of the vehicle).

Six Cylinder Halley Fire Engine with centrifugal pump

A Halley six cylinder fire engine with centrifugal pump. The fire engine pumps water from the tank in…

A side view of Barford and Perkins water—ballast rollers. The vehicle operated using an internal combustion engine to turn the back tires by a drive chain and stopped by turning the wheel on the right. A stirring chain was connected from the front rollers to the large wheel.

Side View of Barford and Perkins Water Ballast Rollers

A side view of Barford and Perkins water—ballast rollers. The vehicle operated using an internal…

A Marshall's agricultural hydraulic gear tractor. The fuel tank is located on the bottom back of the tractor, while the water tank is under the driver's seat. The back wheel is turned by the engine.

Marshall's Agricultural Hydraulic Gear Tractor

A Marshall's agricultural hydraulic gear tractor. The fuel tank is located on the bottom back of the…

"It is placed horizontally with the pivot, B, resting on a support opposite the crosshead when in mid—position. If the pivot B is adjusted to the proper height and at the right distance from the cross head, the cord from the indicator may be attached to the pin E without any pulleys."—Derr, 1911

Horizontal Pivot Pantograph for Motion Reduction between Piston and Steam Engine Indicator

"It is placed horizontally with the pivot, B, resting on a support opposite the crosshead when in mid—position.…

"While the crank is moving from the position, steam is being admitted to the head end and being exhausted from the crank end. The inside lap being less than the outside lap, causes the exhaust to continue longer than the admission." —Derr, 1911

Steam Engine Valve with Lap Where Steam is Admitted to the Slide Valve

"While the crank is moving from the position, steam is being admitted to the head end and being exhausted…

"The relative positions of crank, eccentric and valve when the exhaust closes on the crank end and compression begins. Between these two positions the steam is expanding in the head end and exhausting from the crank end." —Derr, 1911

Steam Engine Valve with Lap Steam Where Slide Valve is Closed

"The relative positions of crank, eccentric and valve when the exhaust closes on the crank end and compression…

An illustration of the valve with lap at the end of the crank end steam compression. The piston will restart the compression cycle of at the head of the piston. As the piston moves, the sliding valve in the top compartment will fill with steam and closes.

Steam Engine Valve with Lap Steam Where Slide Valve is in Open Position

An illustration of the valve with lap at the end of the crank end steam compression. The piston will…

"This arrangement makes it possible to place the valve and steam chest above the valve motion. A rod from the bell crank lever on the reverse shaft E, leads back to the engineer's cab and connects with the reverse lever." —Derr, 1911

Steam Engine Rocker Arrangement with Valve and Reverse Rod in Eccentric Motion

"This arrangement makes it possible to place the valve and steam chest above the valve motion. A rod…

"All fly—wheel governors operate by shifting the eccentric either to change the angular advance, the travel of the valve, or both. The principle of a governor arranged to give decreasing lead under the head of governors." —Derr, 1911

Top View of the Fly Wheel Governor Turning Clockwise

"All fly—wheel governors operate by shifting the eccentric either to change the angular advance,…

"The main valve controls admission, release, and compression; the other (valve) regulates the cut—off only, which may be changed without in any way affecting the other events of the stroke. This cut—off valve may be placed in a separate valve chest, or it may be placed in the back of the main valve." —Derr, 1911

Close up View of Double Sliding Valve Gears from Steam Engine

"The main valve controls admission, release, and compression; the other (valve) regulates the cut—off…

A covering for the head, especially one with a shaped crown and brim.

Dress Cap

A covering for the head, especially one with a shaped crown and brim.

"Polypodium widely distributed throughout the world, but specially developed in the tropics. The species differ greatly in size and general appearance and in the character of the frond; the sori or groups of spore—cases (sporangia) are borne on the back of the leaf, are globose and naked, that is, are not covered with a membrane (indusium)." —Encyclopaedia Britannica Company, 1910

Common Polypody Leaf with Sori

"Polypodium widely distributed throughout the world, but specially developed in the tropics. The species…

A piece of furniture consisting of a seat, legs, back, and often arms, designed to accommodate one person.

Dining Chair

A piece of furniture consisting of a seat, legs, back, and often arms, designed to accommodate one person.

A long-handled implement with a row of projecting teeth at its head, used especially to gather leaves or to loosen or smooth earth.

Tool Combination Rake

A long-handled implement with a row of projecting teeth at its head, used especially to gather leaves…

A tool for gripping and turning or twisting the head of a bolt, a nut, a pipe, or the like, commonly consisting of a bar of metal with fixed or adjustable jaws.

Chain Wrench

A tool for gripping and turning or twisting the head of a bolt, a nut, a pipe, or the like, commonly…

A spark plug is an electrical device that fits into the cylinder head of some internal combustion engines and ignites compressed fuels such as, aerosol gasoline, Ethanol, and Liquefied petroleum gas by means of an electric spark.

Automotive Sparkplug

A spark plug is an electrical device that fits into the cylinder head of some internal combustion engines…

A cushion to support the head of a sleeping person

Multiple Purpose Pillow

A cushion to support the head of a sleeping person

a top, or spinning top, is a toy that can be spun on an axis, balancing on a point. This motion is produced by holding the axis firmly while pulling a string. An internal weight then rotates, producing an overall circular motion.

Spinning Top

a top, or spinning top, is a toy that can be spun on an axis, balancing on a point. This motion is produced…

A hanging seat, usually found in a playground for children, a circus for acrobats, or on a porch for relaxing.

Porch Swing

A hanging seat, usually found in a playground for children, a circus for acrobats, or on a porch for…

A decorative pin for holding a hat to the head, usually by the hair. In Western culture, a hatpin is almost solely worn by a female.

Hat Pin

A decorative pin for holding a hat to the head, usually by the hair. In Western culture, a hatpin is…

A simple seat without a back or arms

Folding Stool

A simple seat without a back or arms

The process of physically assembling a book from a number of folded or unfolded sheets of paper or other material. It usually involves attaching covers to the resulting text-block.

Book Binding

The process of physically assembling a book from a number of folded or unfolded sheets of paper or other…

A long-handled tool with a row of teeth at its head; used to move leaves or loosen soil

Multipurpose Rake

A long-handled tool with a row of teeth at its head; used to move leaves or loosen soil

A wrench that has an adjustable head to fit various sizes of nuts and bolts. Some adjustable wrenches feature a locking mechanism to prevent slippage.

Adjustable Wrench

A wrench that has an adjustable head to fit various sizes of nuts and bolts. Some adjustable wrenches…

Electrical device that fits into the cylinder head of an internal-combustion engine and ignites the gas by means of an electric spark

Spark Plug

Electrical device that fits into the cylinder head of an internal-combustion engine and ignites the…

Specialized implements used to cut human head hair. They should not be confused with razors (which usually refer to tools used to cut facial hair or bodily hair) and scissors.

Hair Clipper

Specialized implements used to cut human head hair. They should not be confused with razors (which usually…

Electrical device that fits into the cylinder head of an internal-combustion engine and ignites the gas by means of an electric spark

Spark Plug

Electrical device that fits into the cylinder head of an internal-combustion engine and ignites the…

Headdress that protects the head from bad weather; has shaped crown and usually a brim

General Costume Hat

Headdress that protects the head from bad weather; has shaped crown and usually a brim

Small evergreen native to peru, featuring a rounded head, featuring flowers that cluster closely together.

Schinus Molle

Small evergreen native to peru, featuring a rounded head, featuring flowers that cluster closely together.

A statue built on the Giza Plateau in Giza, Egypt, consisting of a lion with a human head. The Sphinx is believed to have been built by ancient Egyptians.

The Great Sphinx at Giza

A statue built on the Giza Plateau in Giza, Egypt, consisting of a lion with a human head. The Sphinx…

Also known as Ramses II. A profile portrait of Ramses the Great with carvings behind his head. He is often regarded as one of the most powerful pharaohs throughout history.

Ramses the Great

Also known as Ramses II. A profile portrait of Ramses the Great with carvings behind his head. He is…

"Finally should be mentioned Jerusalem, capital of Palestine. It is situated fifteen miles west of the head of the Dead Sea. It is built on a high plateau of limestone about two miles square, abutting against the mountains on the north."—Ridpath, 1885

View of Jerusalem

"Finally should be mentioned Jerusalem, capital of Palestine. It is situated fifteen miles west of the…

"It was during the siege of Methone that Philip had the misfortune to lose on of his eyes. A random arrow discharged from the rampart fell square in the king's face and destroyed one-half of his sight. When the arrow-head was drawn away, it was found to contain the following label: "Astor to Philip's right eye." It appeared on inquiry that the unerring missile had been discharged by an offended archer who has recently offered his services to the king and been rejected. He hd represented to Philip that his skill with the bow was great that he could kill a small bird on the wing. The king not believing the story had put off the applicant with the remark, "Well, well, I shall make use of thee when I go to war with the starlings." Astor has then joined the Methoneans and now vindicated his skill in a way never to be forgotten."—Ridpath, 1885

Astor to Philip's Right Eye

"It was during the siege of Methone that Philip had the misfortune to lose on of his eyes. A random…

"[Caesar] mustered the soldiers in the Campius Martius, and requested a statement of their grievances. Their demands appeared to have a reference to a payment of their dues, the bestowal of promised presents, and a release from further duty. Caesar well knew that the best way to humiliate an insurrection is to grant what it clamors for. He accordingly made an address to his old legion, being careful to begin with "Citizens," instead of "Soldiers." This was gall and wormwood. To be addressed as citizens by their beloved commander! "I discharge you." said he. "You have had enough of fatigue and wounds. I release you from your oath. As to your presents, you shall be paid to the last sesterce." The old veterans could stand no more. They burst into tears, and began to beg for forgiveness. With a certain prudent hesitation, Caesar received them back to favor; but he took care that the leaders who had fomented the mutiny should be executed."—Ridpath, 1885

Citizens! I Discharge You.

"[Caesar] mustered the soldiers in the Campius Martius, and requested a statement of their grievances.…

"By the time [olive trees] are well grown the form of the young tree is established, and further pruning for form may be done in a general manner to obtain the following results: (1) Maintenance of a comparatively open center to the tree; (2) exposure to the sun and air as large a number as possible of last year's branches around the circumference of the tree; (3) removal of all ground suckers and water sprouts; (4) preservation of outward-growing and drooping basal and lateral fruit branches; (5) heading back of upward-growing limbs, which consume much, but produce little; and, (6) the removal of all diseased or injured wood. In pruning for form the rules governing pruning for fruit should be kept in mind."—Government Printing Office, 1897

An Olive Tree

"By the time [olive trees] are well grown the form of the young tree is established, and further pruning…