Leaves remotely toothed, acumnate at apex; flowers appearing before the leaves.

Leaves

Leaves remotely toothed, acumnate at apex; flowers appearing before the leaves.

Flowers clusters conspicuous because of large, leaf like, pink sepals.

Flowers

Flowers clusters conspicuous because of large, leaf like, pink sepals.

Flowers white in stalked globose clusters; fruits aggregated in spherical.

Flowers

Flowers white in stalked globose clusters; fruits aggregated in spherical.

A shrub with berries on it.

Berry

A shrub with berries on it.

Leaflets usually 3, very prominently toothed.

Leaflets

Leaflets usually 3, very prominently toothed.

Leaflets usually more than 3; not prominently toothed.

Leaflets

Leaflets usually more than 3; not prominently toothed.

Leaflets many and small, usually 12-22; tree prominently thorny.

Gleditsia

Leaflets many and small, usually 12-22; tree prominently thorny.

Leaflets fewer and large, usually 9; tree not thorny.

Carya

Leaflets fewer and large, usually 9; tree not thorny.

Leaves with small, orange wax glands on te lower surface when examined with lens; leaves usually prominently toothed.

Myrica

Leaves with small, orange wax glands on te lower surface when examined with lens; leaves usually prominently…

Leaves, at least the younger onces, densely hairy or wooly beneath.

Persea

Leaves, at least the younger onces, densely hairy or wooly beneath.

Leaves silvery beneath.

Magnolia

Leaves silvery beneath.

Fruit oval, longer than broad; leaves mostly over 6cm.

Benzoin

Fruit oval, longer than broad; leaves mostly over 6cm.

Fruit globose, about as long as broad; leaves mostly less than 5 cm.

Glabraria

Fruit globose, about as long as broad; leaves mostly less than 5 cm.

Trees with swollen bases; fruit that drupe, longer than wide.

Nyssa

Trees with swollen bases; fruit that drupe, longer than wide.

Leaves usually with a few remote teeth above the middle or at least bristle-tipped; fruit a red or black berry.

Ilex

Leaves usually with a few remote teeth above the middle or at least bristle-tipped; fruit a red or black…

Leaves leathery, broad, and with a conspicuous vein running just inside the margin.

Desmothamnus

Leaves leathery, broad, and with a conspicuous vein running just inside the margin.

Flower clusters lateral; fruit not winged.

Cyrilla

Flower clusters lateral; fruit not winged.

Flower clusters terminal, fruit winged.

Cliftonia

Flower clusters terminal, fruit winged.

Brances spiny; fruit apple-like.

Crataegus

Brances spiny; fruit apple-like.

Bark falling away in reddish, papery layers.

Betula

Bark falling away in reddish, papery layers.

Low, brittle shrub with wood lighter than cork; green parts with a milky sap.

Stillingia

Low, brittle shrub with wood lighter than cork; green parts with a milky sap.

Leaves leathery; evergreen; flowers showy, white, large.

Gordonia

Leaves leathery; evergreen; flowers showy, white, large.

Leaves over four times as long as broad.

Salix

Leaves over four times as long as broad.

Buds covered with overlapping scales; fruit warty.

Planera

Buds covered with overlapping scales; fruit warty.

Buds with a single scale; fruit cone-like.

Alnus

Buds with a single scale; fruit cone-like.

Leucothoe

Leucothoe

Leucothoe

Sepals not pubescent or only slightly so; fruit a linear, two grooved capsule; leaves elliptic.

Itea

Sepals not pubescent or only slightly so; fruit a linear, two grooved capsule; leaves elliptic.

Sepals copiously pubescent; fruit a subglobose, valved capsule, leaves cuneate.

Clethra

Sepals copiously pubescent; fruit a subglobose, valved capsule, leaves cuneate.

A compund leaf.

Ampelopsis

A compund leaf.

Leaves with several veins running from base to apex; stems often thorny.

Smilax

Leaves with several veins running from base to apex; stems often thorny.

Leaves leathery, toothed only near the apex.

Ampelothamnus

Leaves leathery, toothed only near the apex.

Leaves not leathery, entire or with wavy edges.

Berchemia

Leaves not leathery, entire or with wavy edges.

Leaves alternate, not prominently toothed, subcordate at the base.

Breweria

Leaves alternate, not prominently toothed, subcordate at the base.

Leaves opposite, with wavy margins or angularly toothed.

Mikania

Leaves opposite, with wavy margins or angularly toothed.

Divisions of plant body fine and many; plant body usualy floating below the surface.

Riccia

Divisions of plant body fine and many; plant body usualy floating below the surface.

Divisions of plant body coarse, two lobed; floating on surface.

Ricciocarpus

Divisions of plant body coarse, two lobed; floating on surface.

Plants floating just below water surfacel plant body made up of a clump of short filaments.

Wolffiella

Plants floating just below water surfacel plant body made up of a clump of short filaments.

Plant body of small overlapping scales.

Azolla

Plant body of small overlapping scales.

Plants simple, extremely minute, appearing as grains on surface of water.

Wolffia

Plants simple, extremely minute, appearing as grains on surface of water.

Plant body inconspicuously nerved, roolets one per disk.

Lemna

Plant body inconspicuously nerved, roolets one per disk.

Plant body conspicuously nerved, roolets two to several per disk.

Spirodela

Plant body conspicuously nerved, roolets two to several per disk.

Leaves large and dilated with inflated petioles.

Eichhornia

Leaves large and dilated with inflated petioles.

Leaves wide to the base, without petioles.

Pistia

Leaves wide to the base, without petioles.

Leaves mostly differentiated into blades and petioles.

Limnobium

Leaves mostly differentiated into blades and petioles.

Leaves dissected and bearing bladders.

Utricularia

Leaves dissected and bearing bladders.

Branches of stem bearing small bladders; slowers showy, purple.

Utricularia

Branches of stem bearing small bladders; slowers showy, purple.

Plant body made p of smooth, proliferating stems.

Eleocharis

Plant body made p of smooth, proliferating stems.

Plant body made up of stems bearing whorled, brittle branches.

Chara

Plant body made up of stems bearing whorled, brittle branches.

Submerged leaves bearing bladders; flowers irregular, showy ellow or purple.

Utricularia

Submerged leaves bearing bladders; flowers irregular, showy ellow or purple.

Submerged leaves gathered along a few centimeters of the stem; flower stalks inflated.

Hottonia

Submerged leaves gathered along a few centimeters of the stem; flower stalks inflated.

Submerged leaves whorled, stems usually very lax.

Myriophyllum

Submerged leaves whorled, stems usually very lax.

Submerged leaves with simple divisions.

Proserpinaca

Submerged leaves with simple divisions.

Submerged leaves alternate or irregularly borne.

Ranuneulus

Submerged leaves alternate or irregularly borne.

Submerged leaves opposite; leaflets not toothed.

Cabomba

Submerged leaves opposite; leaflets not toothed.

Submerged leaves whorled; leaflets minutely toothed on one edge.

Ceratophyllum

Submerged leaves whorled; leaflets minutely toothed on one edge.

Leaves without midribs evident when examined against transmitted light; flowers yellow.

Heteranthera

Leaves without midribs evident when examined against transmitted light; flowers yellow.

Leaves with midribs evident when examined against light; flowers inconspicuous, not yellow.

Potamogeton

Leaves with midribs evident when examined against light; flowers inconspicuous, not yellow.

Leaf, when examined with hand lends, showing a central dense and a peripheral less dense zone.

Vallisneria

Leaf, when examined with hand lends, showing a central dense and a peripheral less dense zone.

Leaf, when examined with hand lends, not showing zones.

Alismaceae

Leaf, when examined with hand lends, not showing zones.

Leaves all from a hardened base or from a single point; base of leaves with spore sacs.

Isoetes

Leaves all from a hardened base or from a single point; base of leaves with spore sacs.