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Depicted is a hand reaching out for a bow pencil.

Bow Pencil

Depicted is a hand reaching out for a bow pencil.

Words lettered in lower case or "small" letters are easier to read than when made in capital letters. These letters are made with bodies two-thirds the height of the capitals, the ascenders (b, d, f, etc.) extending up to the cap line and the descenders (g, p, q, etc.) dropping the same distance below.

Single Stroke Vertical Lower Case Letters

Words lettered in lower case or "small" letters are easier to read than when made in capital letters.…

Words lettered in lower case or "small" letters are easier to read than when made in capital letters. These letters are made with bodies two-thirds the height of the capitals, the ascenders (b, d, f, etc.) extending up to the cap line and the descenders (g, p, q, etc.) dropping the same distance below.

Single Stroke Inclined Lower Case Letters

Words lettered in lower case or "small" letters are easier to read than when made in capital letters.…

This caterpillar builds a case around itself using bits of cotton taken from clothing. If it does not find good cotton, it will carry its case on its back.

Larva of Woolen Moth Walking (Tinea Tapezella)

This caterpillar builds a case around itself using bits of cotton taken from clothing. If it does not…

"When they are full grown, and the time approaches for their metamorphosis, they abandon their food, and establish themselves in the angles of walls. They creep up to the ceilings, and suspend themselves by one extremity of their tube."

Case of Woolen Moth Attached to a Piece of Cloth

"When they are full grown, and the time approaches for their metamorphosis, they abandon their food,…

Unique case of absence of the anterior arch of the atlas.

Atlas Without Anterior Arch

Unique case of absence of the anterior arch of the atlas.

"1. Antherid and spore-case of Chara fragilis not much magnified; 2. the same at a later period, after the dehiscence of the antherid; 3. three of the valves which cover the antherid represented at the moment of dehiscence; 4. an empty tube, in which a few antherozoids are left; 5. Anteroizoids." -Lindley, 1853

Chara fragilis

"1. Antherid and spore-case of Chara fragilis not much magnified; 2. the same at a later period, after…

"Pisomyxa racodioides, Corda.-1. Natural size; 2, the fungus greatly magnified; 3, a spore-case bursting and discharging its spores." -Lindley, 1853

Fungus

"Pisomyxa racodioides, Corda.-1. Natural size; 2, the fungus greatly magnified; 3, a spore-case bursting…

"1. Spore-case of Lycopodium denticulatum opened; 2. antheridium; 3. spore." -Lindley, 1853

Ground Pine

"1. Spore-case of Lycopodium denticulatum opened; 2. antheridium; 3. spore." -Lindley, 1853

The screw is the case of the inclined plane, with the length of one convolution of the thread being the length of the corresponding inclined plane.

Screw

The screw is the case of the inclined plane, with the length of one convolution of the thread being…

A balance of great delicacy with the glass case that contains it.

Balance for Purposes of Accuracy

A balance of great delicacy with the glass case that contains it.

One group will take the spherical form and produce a shell in the shape of the nautilus. In this case, all the convolutions are visible.

Operculina

One group will take the spherical form and produce a shell in the shape of the nautilus. In this case,…

One group will take the spherical form and produce a shell in the shape of the nautilus. In this case, the external convolutions conceal those previously formed.

Nummulina Perforta

One group will take the spherical form and produce a shell in the shape of the nautilus. In this case,…

One group will take the spherical form and produce a shell in the shape of the nautilus. In this case, the shell is spiral, with the chamber equilateral, with a larger and smaller side.

Cassidulina Laevigata

One group will take the spherical form and produce a shell in the shape of the nautilus. In this case,…

One group will take the spherical form and produce a shell in the shape of the nautilus. In this case, the new segments are arranged alternately on opposite sides of the central line.

Textularia Variabilis

One group will take the spherical form and produce a shell in the shape of the nautilus. In this case,…

"Andrea nivalis, natural size; 2. the same much magnified; 3. spore-case with the torn calyptra; 4. spore-case after the discharge of the spores; 5. columella with a few spores adhering." -Lindley, 1853

Andrea nivalis

"Andrea nivalis, natural size; 2. the same much magnified; 3. spore-case with the torn calyptra; 4.…

An illustration of a tall cliff with a stair case sprawling up the side.

Cliff

An illustration of a tall cliff with a stair case sprawling up the side.

Thomas Hart Benton (3/14/1784 - 4/10/1858) was a U.S. Senator from Missouri and a staunch advocate of westward expansion of the United States. He served in the Senate from 1821 to 1851, becoming the first member of that body to serve five terms. Benton was an architect and champion of westward expansion by the United States, a case that became known as the Manifest Destiny.

Thomas Benton

Thomas Hart Benton (3/14/1784 - 4/10/1858) was a U.S. Senator from Missouri and a staunch advocate of…

"Cupressus sempervirens; 1. a scale of a male cone with pollen; 2. a scale of a female cone with naked ovules; 3. a ripe cone; 4. the same with one of the scales removed." -Lindley, 1853

Mediterranean Cyprus

"Cupressus sempervirens; 1. a scale of a male cone with pollen; 2. a scale of a female cone with naked…

Shown is the base of the skull seen from above. Labels: 1, frontal bone; 2, slit for nasal nerve; 3, anterior ethmoidal foramen; 4, posterior ethmoidal foramen; 5, optic foramen; 6, foramen for internal carotid artery formed by anterior and middle clinoid processes; 7, lesser wing of sphenoid; 8, anterior clinoid process, in this case united on its inner side to the middle clinoid process; 9, posterior clinoid process; 10, foramen ovale; 11, groove for middle meningeal artery; 12, foramen spinosum; 13, Hiatus Fallopii; 14, line of petro-squamosal suture; 15, internal auditory meatus; 16, groove for superior petrosal sinus; 17, groove for sigmoid part of lateral sinus; 18, jugular foramen; 19, anterior condylic foramen; 20, groove for lateral sinus; 21, internal occipital protuberance; 22, ridge for attachment of falx cerebri; 23, fossa for the lodgment of the occipital lobe of the cerebrum; 24, ridge for attachment of the falx cerebelli; 25, fossa for the lodgment of the left cerebellar hemisphere; 26, foramen magnum; 27, groove for the sigmoid sinus turning into the jugular foramen; 28, groove for the inferior petrosal sinus running along the line of the suture between the petrous temporal and the basioccipital; 29, depression for the Gasserian ganglion; 30, middle cranial fossa for lodgment of temporal lobe of cerebrum; 31, foramen lacerum medium; 32, carotid groove; 33, dorsum sellae of sphenoid; 34, leads into foramen rotundum; 35, pituitary fossa; 36, olivary eminence of sphenoid; 37, anterior cranial fossa for lodgment of frontal lobes of cerebrum; 38, cribriform plate of ethmoid; 39, crista galli of ethmoid; 40, foramen caecum; 41, crest for attachment of falx cerebri.

Base of the Skull Seen From Above

Shown is the base of the skull seen from above. Labels: 1, frontal bone; 2, slit for nasal nerve; 3,…

Thomas Cranmer (2 July 1489 – 21 March 1556) was a leader of the English Reformation and Archbishop of Canterbury during the reigns of Henry VIII and Edward VI. He helped build a favourable case for Henry's divorce from Catherine of Aragon which resulted in the separation of the English Church from union with the Holy See. Along with Thomas Cromwell, he supported the principle of royal supremacy in which the king was considered sovereign over the Church within his realm.

Archbishop Thomas Cranmer

Thomas Cranmer (2 July 1489 – 21 March 1556) was a leader of the English Reformation and Archbishop…

The incandescent light bulb, incandescent lamp or incandescent light globe is a source of electric light that works by incandescence, (a general term for heat-driven light emissions which includes the simple case of black body radiation).

Incandescent Lamp

The incandescent light bulb, incandescent lamp or incandescent light globe is a source of electric light…

The spore-case of Schizaea dichotoma, a fern from the Polypodiaceae family.

Schizaea

The spore-case of Schizaea dichotoma, a fern from the Polypodiaceae family.

"Danaea alata. 1. Collection of spore-cases; 2. sections of the same and spores, 2 of which are highly magnified." -Lindley, 1853

Danaea

"Danaea alata. 1. Collection of spore-cases; 2. sections of the same and spores, 2 of which are highly…

Hanover County Courthouse is the place where Patrick Henry practiced law and argued the case accusing King George III of tyranny in overturning colonial law without regard to the wishes of his subjects.

Hanover Courthouse

Hanover County Courthouse is the place where Patrick Henry practiced law and argued the case accusing…

The temporary teeth of the left side. The masticating surfaces of the tow upper molars are shown above. In the second row the upper teeth are viewed from the outer or labial side. In the third row the lower teeth are shown in a similar manner; and below are the masticating surfaces of the two lower molars. In the specimen from which the first upper molar was drawn the two outer or buccal cusps were not distinctly separated, as is often the case.

Temporary Teeth

The temporary teeth of the left side. The masticating surfaces of the tow upper molars are shown above.…

Orgyia leucostigma, the White-marked tussock moth, is a moth in the family Lymantriidae. The caterpillar is very common especially in late summer in eastern North America, as far west as Texas, Colorado, and Alberta. There are two or more generations a year in eastern North America (Wagner 2005). They overwinter in the egg stage. Eggs are laid in a single mass over the cocoon of the female, and covered in a froth (Wagner 2005). Up to 300 eggs are laid at a time. he larvae are brightly coloured, with tufts of hair-like setae. The head is bright red, the body has yellow or white stripes, with a black stripe along the middle of the back. There are bright red defensive glands on the hind end of the back. Four white toothbrush-like tufts stand out from the back, and there is a grey-brown hair pencil at the hind end. Touching the hairs will set off an allergic reaction in many humans (Wagner 2005). Young larvae skeletonize the surface of the leaf, while older larvae eat everything except the larger veins (Rose and Lindquist, 1982). They grow to about 35 mm.

White-marked Tussock Caterpillar

Orgyia leucostigma, the White-marked tussock moth, is a moth in the family Lymantriidae. The caterpillar…

Juniperus virginiana (Eastern Redcedar, Red Cedar, Eastern Juniper, Red Juniper, Pencil Cedar) is a species of juniper native to eastern North America, from southeastern Canada to the Gulf of Mexico, east of the Great Plains. Further west, it is replaced by the related Juniperus scopulorum (Rocky Mountain Juniper), and to the southwest, by Juniperus ashei (Ashe Juniper). The Lakota Native American name is Chansha, "redwood" or Hante'. In its native range, it is commonly called "cedar" or "red cedar", names rejected by the American Joint Committee on Horticultural Nomenclature as it is a juniper, not a true cedar

Eastern Juniper

Juniperus virginiana (Eastern Redcedar, Red Cedar, Eastern Juniper, Red Juniper, Pencil Cedar) is a…

Andrew Dickson White (November 7, 1832 – November 4, 1918) was a U.S. diplomat, author, and educator, best known as the co-founder of Cornell University. In 1869 White gave a lecture on "The Battle-Fields of Science", arguing that history showed the negative outcomes resulting from any attempt on the part of religion to interfere with the progress of science. Over the next 30 years he refined his analysis, expanding his case studies to include nearly every field of science over the entire history of Christianity, but also narrowing his target from "religion" through "ecclesiasticism" to "dogmatic theology."

Andrew Dickson White

Andrew Dickson White (November 7, 1832 – November 4, 1918) was a U.S. diplomat, author, and educator,…

"Hydraulic Scroll. a, case, inclosing center-discharge turbine water-wheel; b, openings for inflow of water; c, c', gates for admitting water to central wheel-space d (the wheel is not shown); e, e', gate-shafts; f, shaft by which the two gates are operated simultaneously and equally from worm-gearing at the top of the gate-shafts." -Whitney, 1911

Hydraulic Scroll

"Hydraulic Scroll. a, case, inclosing center-discharge turbine water-wheel; b, openings for inflow of…

"Scutching-machine or Scutcher for Flax. a, feed-table on which the flax is fed to the fluted rollers b, b', which seize it and present it to the scutches or beaters c, fastened by supports d to the rotating drum e. The latter revolves in a case f, with a grating at the bottom. The feed-rolls are driven by gearing i." -Whitney, 1911

Scutcher

"Scutching-machine or Scutcher for Flax. a, feed-table on which the flax is fed to the fluted rollers…

A barrel vault, also known as a tunnel vault or a wagon vault, is an architectural element formed by the extrusion of a single curve (or pair of curves, in the case of a pointed barrel vault) along a given distance. The curves are typically circular in shape, lending a semi-cylindrical appearance to the total design. The barrel vault is the simplest form of a vault: effectively a series of arches placed side by side, i.e., one after another.

Barrel Vault

A barrel vault, also known as a tunnel vault or a wagon vault, is an architectural element formed by…

An illustration depicting the formation of circles of diffusion. "From point A luminous rays enter the eye in the form of a cone, the kind of which will depend on the pupil. Thus it may be circular, or oval, or ever triangular. If the pencil is focused in front of the retina, as at d, or behind it as it as at f, or, in other words, if the retina of being at F; be in the position G or H, there will be a luminous circle or a luminous triangular space, and many elements of the retina will be affected. The size of these diffusion circles depends on the distance from the retina of the point where the rays are focused: the greater the distance, the more extended will be the diffusion circle" (Britannica, 132).

Formation of Circles of Diffusion

An illustration depicting the formation of circles of diffusion. "From point A luminous rays enter the…

An illustration of a decorative mirror case depicting the storming of the castle of Love.

Decorative Mirror Case

An illustration of a decorative mirror case depicting the storming of the castle of Love.

An illustration of communication between a diver and the surface. Q, Battery with switch and bell in case; and R, Attendant's receiver and transmitter.

Diver's Communication

An illustration of communication between a diver and the surface. Q, Battery with switch and bell in…

An illustration of a submarine electric lamp without reflector. A, Metal case containing electrical fittings; B, Glass globe and incandescent lamp; C, Stand, which also protects the globe; and D, Ring for suspending lamp.

Submarine Electric Lamp

An illustration of a submarine electric lamp without reflector. A, Metal case containing electrical…

Instead of columns, square piers are not infrequently introduced in the tombs. In structural buildings they only occur in connection with colossal statues; in which case the pier supports the roof, and the statue, while connected with the pier at the back, has its head free, without supporting anything.

Profile of the Colossal Statue on a Pier at the Luxor Temple

Instead of columns, square piers are not infrequently introduced in the tombs. In structural buildings…

Instead of columns, square piers are not infrequently introduced in the tombs. In structural buildings they only occur in connection with colossal statues; in which case the pier supports the roof, and the statue, while connected with the pier at the back, has its head free, without supporting anything.

Front View of the Colossal Statue on a Pier at the Luxor Temple

Instead of columns, square piers are not infrequently introduced in the tombs. In structural buildings…

They are generally of smaller dimensions in the interior, so that the walls or columns of the same chamber contain several rows of such representations. Between and over them are often found ornamented bands like friezes, and at the bottom of the walls, as in the case of the columns, are introduced more decorations, representing lotus-plants.

Mural Frieze-like Decoration from the Temple of Esneh

They are generally of smaller dimensions in the interior, so that the walls or columns of the same chamber…

They are generally of smaller dimensions in the interior, so that the walls or columns of the same chamber contain several rows of such representations. Between and over them are often found ornamented bands like friezes, and at the bottom of the walls, as in the case of the columns, are introduced more decorations, representing lotus-plants.

Ornament at the foot of the wall from the Great Temple at Philæ

They are generally of smaller dimensions in the interior, so that the walls or columns of the same chamber…

In most rock-temples a court, which is sometimes hewn out of the rock, or a covered vestibule forms the entrance, which opens into an entrance-hall, with smaller chamber beyond, in which pillars or columns are introduced according to the exigencies of the case.

Floor Plan of the Great Temple at Abu Simbel

In most rock-temples a court, which is sometimes hewn out of the rock, or a covered vestibule forms…

In most rock-temples a court, which is sometimes hewn out of the rock, or a covered vestibule forms the entrance, which opens into an entrance-hall, with smaller chamber beyond, in which pillars or columns are introduced according to the exigencies of the case.

Cross Section of the Great Temple at Abu Simbel

In most rock-temples a court, which is sometimes hewn out of the rock, or a covered vestibule forms…

In the fragment of a relief from Kuyunjik columns occur which rest on a cushion-shaped base on a lion's back, just as is the case in the doorways of Gothic churches.

Pillar on a Lion's Back

In the fragment of a relief from Kuyunjik columns occur which rest on a cushion-shaped base on a lion's…

This strap-work clock-case tablet is a hammered metal that was designed during the French Renaissance period.

Clock-Case Strap-Work Tablet

This strap-work clock-case tablet is a hammered metal that was designed during the French Renaissance…

This strap-work clock-case tablet is a stamped metal that is modern.

Clock-Case Strap-Work Tablet

This strap-work clock-case tablet is a stamped metal that is modern.

"Resplendent Shield-bearer (Coptodisca splendoriferella). a, leaf of apple showing work; b, summer larva; c, larva in case, traveling; d, cases tied up for winter; e, hibernating larva; f, pupa; g, moth; h, parasite: all enlarged." -Whitney, 1911

Resplendent Shield Bearer

"Resplendent Shield-bearer (Coptodisca splendoriferella). a, leaf of apple showing work; b, summer larva;…

A barrel vault, also known as a tunnel vault or a wagon vault, is an architectural element formed by the extrusion of a single curve (or pair of curves, in the case of a pointed barrel vault) along a given distance. The curves are typically circular in shape, lending a semi-cylindrical appearance to the total design. The barrel vault is the simplest form of a vault: effectively a series of arches placed side by side, i.e., one after another.

Barrel Vault

A barrel vault, also known as a tunnel vault or a wagon vault, is an architectural element formed by…

"Suppose we have a pipe A B laid in a horizontal position so that the centre line is exactly at the same level all along the pope, and differences of level may be neglected. Let water be delivered b this pipe at a steady from a reservoir provided with a constant supply which keeps the free surface level always the same. If the pipe A B is of uniform sectional area throughout, and is at all points offers a uniform frictional resistance to the flow of the water, the pressure will gradually become less at points along it more and more distanct from the reservoir. This is no lonfer the case when the pipe is larger at one place than another, as shown in the [figure]." (Britannica, 1891)

Water Flow in Pipes

"Suppose we have a pipe A B laid in a horizontal position so that the centre line is exactly at the…

Illustration of one possible outcome (no triangle occurs) when discussing the ambiguous case using the Law of Sines. In this case, side a is less than the height (bsinα).

Ambiguous Case

Illustration of one possible outcome (no triangle occurs) when discussing the ambiguous case using the…

Illustration of one possible outcome (1 triangle occurs) when discussing the ambiguous case using the Law of Sines. In this case, side a is equal to the height (bsinα).

Ambiguous Case

Illustration of one possible outcome (1 triangle occurs) when discussing the ambiguous case using the…

Illustration of one possible outcome (2 triangles occur) when discussing the ambiguous case using the Law of Sines. In this case, side a is greater than the height (bsinα).

Ambiguous Case

Illustration of one possible outcome (2 triangles occur) when discussing the ambiguous case using the…

Illustration used to extend the law of cosines when finding the relation between the three sides and an angle of a spherical triangle. In this case both angles b and c are greater than 90°.

Relationships In A Spherical Triangle

Illustration used to extend the law of cosines when finding the relation between the three sides and…

Illustration used to extend the law of cosines when finding the relation between the three sides and an angle of a spherical triangle. In this case angle b<90&deg; and angle c>90&deg;.

Relationships In A Spherical Triangle

Illustration used to extend the law of cosines when finding the relation between the three sides and…

Thomas Cranmer (2 July 1489 &ndash; 21 March 1556) was a leader of the English Reformation and Archbishop of Canterbury during the reigns of Henry VIII and Edward VI. He helped build a favourable case for Henry's divorce from Catherine of Aragon which resulted in the separation of the English Church from union with the Holy See. Along with Thomas Cromwell, he supported the principle of royal supremacy in which the king was considered sovereign over the Church within his realm.

Thomas Cranmer

Thomas Cranmer (2 July 1489 – 21 March 1556) was a leader of the English Reformation and Archbishop…

The entrance to this house is labeled a vestibule, to elicit a sense of grandeur. The round tower can be clearly seen from this perspective. A fireplace is situated at the base of the tower in the parlor room. The sitting room contains a large bay window, as well a fireplace. The dining room also has a bay window, although this one is much rounder. The kitchen is situated at the back of the house and exits to a small back porch. An elegant stair case can be found at the front of the house that leads all the way to the third floor. A smaller staircase is located in the kitchen and stops at the second floor. On the second floor there are four large chambers, three with closets, and a single bathroom. In 1917, this large house cost between $4,000 and $4,250 to build depending on the locality.

"The Badenoch" Floor Plans

The entrance to this house is labeled a vestibule, to elicit a sense of grandeur. The round tower can…

An illustration of a hand holding a pen.

Hand Holding Pen

An illustration of a hand holding a pen.

Eroded anticlines with horizontal and with pitching axes. In the first case the strata crop out in parallel series, the oldest at the center; in the second case they converge in the direction of pitch.

Eroded Anticlines

Eroded anticlines with horizontal and with pitching axes. In the first case the strata crop out in parallel…

"A case in the form of a book in which to keep fishing-flies. It has leaves of Bristol-board or other stiff material. At the ends of the leaf are small hooks or loops to which the fish-hooks are attached so that the flies may be carried without bending the gut." -Whitney, 1911

Fly Book for Fishing

"A case in the form of a book in which to keep fishing-flies. It has leaves of Bristol-board or other…

"Bisecting gage, a gage formed by a bar carrying two heads or cheeks connected by two arms of equal length, forming a toggle-joint, at which a pencil or scribe-awl is placed. The pencil or awl is thus at equal distances from the cheeks at whatever gage they may be set." -Whitney, 1911

Bisecting Gauge

"Bisecting gage, a gage formed by a bar carrying two heads or cheeks connected by two arms of equal…

An illustration of an empty small wooden box.

Empty Wooden Box

An illustration of an empty small wooden box.