"What a fall there was, my countrymen!" This picture from Nast depicts the wreck in Wall Street after Black Friday, September 24, 1869.

Black Friday in Wall Street

"What a fall there was, my countrymen!" This picture from Nast depicts the wreck in Wall Street after…

The Tammany Ring defeated. Tweed as Marius amongst the ruins of Carthage.

Tammany Ring Defeated

The Tammany Ring defeated. Tweed as Marius amongst the ruins of Carthage.

Charles Sumner's denunciation of President Grant's fall flat on the Republican Party.

Sumner's Denunciation of President Grant

Charles Sumner's denunciation of President Grant's fall flat on the Republican Party.

"The trunk in sight. First appearance since the Fall (elections)." A Republican revival in New Hampshire.

Republican Revival in New Hampshire

"The trunk in sight. First appearance since the Fall (elections)." A Republican revival in New Hampshire.

The Republicans get ahead in Fall 1875 elections by smashing the "reformed" Tammany Hall.

Republicans Smash Tammany Hall

The Republicans get ahead in Fall 1875 elections by smashing the "reformed" Tammany Hall.

An illustration of a man falling.

Man Falling

An illustration of a man falling.

Reynard the Fox and Isegrim the wolf fight each other. Reynard outsmarts him and knocks him down.

Reynard the Fox: Reynard's Victory

Reynard the Fox and Isegrim the wolf fight each other. Reynard outsmarts him and knocks him down.

A floral doodad used as a decorative divider or banner.

Floral Doodad

A floral doodad used as a decorative divider or banner.

An ornamental leaf used to decorate a page.

Leaf Doodad

An ornamental leaf used to decorate a page.

Thor defeats a frost giant, Hrungnir. But as he falls, his club hits Thor, causing him to fall too. He is stuck under Hrungnir's foot.

Thor Stuck Under Hrungnir's Foot

Thor defeats a frost giant, Hrungnir. But as he falls, his club hits Thor, causing him to fall too.…

In Norse mythology, Nornagesta was fated by the three Norns: Urd, Verdandi, and Skuld. Urd and Verdandi gave him a rich, heroic life. Skuld said he would live no longer than a burning candle. Nornagesta kept the candle safe and hidden and lived to be 300 years old. King Olaf found the candle, burned it, and Nornagesta died.

Olaf and Nornagesta

In Norse mythology, Nornagesta was fated by the three Norns: Urd, Verdandi, and Skuld. Urd and Verdandi…

"Relative positions of the earth and the sun during the spring equinox, the summer solstice, the autumn equinox, and the winter solstice." -Wiswell, 1913

Seasons from Earth's Orbit

"Relative positions of the earth and the sun during the spring equinox, the summer solstice, the autumn…

An illustration of a rose and vine divider.

Rose & Vine Divider

An illustration of a rose and vine divider.

An illustration of a branch from an osage-orange plant with male flowers. Osage-orange, Horse-apple or Bois D'Arc (Maclura pomifera) is dioeceous plant species, with male and female flowers on different plants. It is a small deciduous tree or large shrub, typically growing to 8–15 metres (26–49 ft) tall. The fruit, a multiple fruit, is roughly spherical, but bumpy, and 7-15 cm in diameter, and it is filled with a sticky white latex sap. In fall, its color turns a bright yellow-green and it has a faint odor similar to that of oranges

Male Flowers of the Osage-Orange

An illustration of a branch from an osage-orange plant with male flowers. Osage-orange, Horse-apple…

An illustration of a branch from an osage-orange plant with female inflorescence. Osage-orange, Horse-apple or Bois D'Arc (Maclura pomifera) is dioeceous plant species, with male and female flowers on different plants. It is a small deciduous tree or large shrub, typically growing to 8–15 metres (26–49 ft) tall. The fruit, a multiple fruit, is roughly spherical, but bumpy, and 7-15 cm in diameter, and it is filled with a sticky white latex sap. In fall, its color turns a bright yellow-green and it has a faint odor similar to that of oranges

Female Inflorescence of the Osage-Orange

An illustration of a branch from an osage-orange plant with female inflorescence. Osage-orange, Horse-apple…

An illustration of a male flower of the osage-orange plant. Osage-orange, Horse-apple or Bois D'Arc (Maclura pomifera) is dioeceous plant species, with male and female flowers on different plants. It is a small deciduous tree or large shrub, typically growing to 8–15 metres (26–49 ft) tall. The fruit, a multiple fruit, is roughly spherical, but bumpy, and 7-15 cm in diameter, and it is filled with a sticky white latex sap. In fall, its color turns a bright yellow-green and it has a faint odor similar to that of oranges

Male Flower of Osage-Orange

An illustration of a male flower of the osage-orange plant. Osage-orange, Horse-apple or Bois D'Arc…

An illustration of a female flower of the osage-orange plant. Osage-orange, Horse-apple or Bois D'Arc (Maclura pomifera) is dioeceous plant species, with male and female flowers on different plants. It is a small deciduous tree or large shrub, typically growing to 8–15 metres (26–49 ft) tall. The fruit, a multiple fruit, is roughly spherical, but bumpy, and 7-15 cm in diameter, and it is filled with a sticky white latex sap. In fall, its color turns a bright yellow-green and it has a faint odor similar to that of oranges

Female Flower of Osage-Orange

An illustration of a female flower of the osage-orange plant. Osage-orange, Horse-apple or Bois D'Arc…

An illustration of a female flower of the osage-orange plant laid open. Osage-orange, Horse-apple or Bois D'Arc (Maclura pomifera) is dioeceous plant species, with male and female flowers on different plants. It is a small deciduous tree or large shrub, typically growing to 8–15 metres (26–49 ft) tall. The fruit, a multiple fruit, is roughly spherical, but bumpy, and 7-15 cm in diameter, and it is filled with a sticky white latex sap. In fall, its color turns a bright yellow-green and it has a faint odor similar to that of oranges

Female Flower of Osage-Orange Laid Open

An illustration of a female flower of the osage-orange plant laid open. Osage-orange, Horse-apple or…

An illustration of a leaf of the osage-orange plant showing nervation. Osage-orange, Horse-apple or Bois D'Arc (Maclura pomifera) is dioeceous plant species, with male and female flowers on different plants. It is a small deciduous tree or large shrub, typically growing to 8–15 metres (26–49 ft) tall. The fruit, a multiple fruit, is roughly spherical, but bumpy, and 7-15 cm in diameter, and it is filled with a sticky white latex sap. In fall, its color turns a bright yellow-green and it has a faint odor similar to that of oranges

Leaf of Osage-Orange

An illustration of a leaf of the osage-orange plant showing nervation. Osage-orange, Horse-apple or…

"Melospiza fasciata. Song Sparrow. Silver-tongue. Below, white, slightly shaded with brownish on the flanks and crissum; with numerous black-centred, brown-edged streaks cross breast and along sides, usually forming a pectoral blotch and coalescing into maxillary stripes bounding the white throat; crown dull bay, with fine black streaks, divided in the middle and bounded on either side by ashy-whitish lines; vague brown or dusky and whitish markings on sides of the head; a brown post-ocular stripe over the gray auriculars, and another, not so well defined, from angle of mouth below the auriculars; the interscapular streaks black, with bay and ashy-white edgings; rump and cervix grayish-brown, with merely a few bay marks; wings with dull bay edgings, the coverts and inner quills marked like the interscapulars; tail plain brown, with darker shaft lines, on the middle feathers at least, and often with obsolete transverse wavy markings. Very constant in plumage, the chief difference being in the sharpness and breadth of the markings, due in part to the wear of the feathers. In worn midsummer plumage, the streaking is very sharp, narrow, and black, from wearing of the rufous and whitish, especially observable below where the streaks contrast with white, and giving the impression of heavier streaking than in fall and winter, when in fresher feather, the markings are softer and more suffuse. The aggregation of spots into a blotch on the middle of the breast is usual. Bill dark brown, paler below; feet pale brow." Elliot Coues, 1884

Song Sparrow

"Melospiza fasciata. Song Sparrow. Silver-tongue. Below, white, slightly shaded with brownish on the…

"Junco hiemalis. Eastern Snow-bird. Black Snow-bird. Blackish-ash, below abruptly pure white from the breast, the sides shaded with ashy. In the summer, and most fall and winter specimens, the upper parts have a more grayish, or even a decidedly brownish, cast, and the inner secondaries are edged with pale bay. The slaty-black intense on the head; belly and crissum pure white, the line between the two transverse or convex forward; wings and tail blackish, with slightly hoary edging of some feathers; 2-3 lateral tail feathers pure white, wholly or in great part. No rusty brown on back or sides; any shade on the sides ashy, not pinkish. Bill pinkish-white, or flesh-color, usually black-tipped." Elliot Coues, 1884

Eastern Snow-bird

"Junco hiemalis. Eastern Snow-bird. Black Snow-bird. Blackish-ash, below abruptly pure white from the…

"Sayiornis fusca. Pewit Flycatcher. Water Pewee. Pewit. Phaebe. Dull olivaceous-brown, the head much darker fuscous-brown, almost blackish, usually in marked contrast with the back; below, solid whitish, or palest possible yellow, particularly on the belly; the sides, and the breast nearly or quite across, shaded with grayish -brown; wings and tail dusky, the outer tail-feather, inner secondaries, and usually the wing-coverts, edged with whitish; a whitish ring round the eye; bill and feet black. Varies greatly in shade; the foregoing is the average spring condition. As summer passes, the plumage becomes much-duller and and darker brown, from wearing of the feather; then, after the moult, fall specimens are much brighter than in spring, the under parts being decidedly yellow, at least on the belly." Elliot Coues, 1884

Pewit Flycatcher

"Sayiornis fusca. Pewit Flycatcher. Water Pewee. Pewit. Phaebe. Dull olivaceous-brown, the head much…

"Simorhynchus cristatellus. Crested Auk. Snub-nosed Auk. A beautiful crest of 12-20 slender feathers springing from the forehead, curling over forward in arc of a circle to fall gracefully upon the bill; this helmet is blackish; at full length about 2 inches long; the feathers are not filamentous, but have well formed webs, and are bundled or impacted together, owning to the oblique divergence of the webs from the shaft, as in the genus Laphortyx. A slender series of white filamentous feathers over and behind each eye, drooping downwards and backwards." Elliot Coues, 1884

Crested Auk in Winter

"Simorhynchus cristatellus. Crested Auk. Snub-nosed Auk. A beautiful crest of 12-20 slender feathers…

A hairspring dividers is a divider with a adjustable screw on the leg.

Hairspring Dividers

A hairspring dividers is a divider with a adjustable screw on the leg.

The modern regular compass is used depending on personal preference.

Regular Compass

The modern regular compass is used depending on personal preference.

The modern cylindrical compass is used depending on personal preference.

Cylindrical Compass

The modern cylindrical compass is used depending on personal preference.

The modern Richter compass is used depending on personal preference.

Richter Compass

The modern Richter compass is used depending on personal preference.

For better control of the divider, hold the divider with the thumb and the index finger on the outside of the legs, and the middle and ring finger inside the leg. The head of the divider should be resting above the second joint of index finger.

Divider Holding Position

For better control of the divider, hold the divider with the thumb and the index finger on the outside…

The line can be divided by using the divider and estimating the leg distance by the eye.

Bisecting Line Using Divider

The line can be divided by using the divider and estimating the leg distance by the eye.

"Draw a circle three inches in diameter. Divide the circumference into five equal parts by trial with dividers. From these points draw radial lines and divide each into four equal parts with spacers. With these points as centers draw the semicircles as shown The radial lines are not to be inked." —French, 1911

Drawing Tangent Arcs with Compass and Dividers

"Draw a circle three inches in diameter. Divide the circumference into five equal parts by trial with…

"In ordinary work the usual way of rectifying an arc is to step around it with the dividers, in spaces small enough as practically to coincide with the arc, and to step off the same number on the right line." —French, 1911

Rectifying Arc Using Dividers

"In ordinary work the usual way of rectifying an arc is to step around it with the dividers, in spaces…

A pump is a device used to move fluids, such as liquids or slurries, or gases. A pump displaces a volume by physical or mechanical action. One common misconception about pumps is the thought that they create pressure. Pumps alone do not create pressure; they only displace fluid, causing a flow. Adding resistance to flow causes pressure. Pumps fall into five major groups: direct lift, displacement, velocity, buoyancy and gravity pumps, and their names describe the method for moving a fluid.

Mechanical Action Air Pump

A pump is a device used to move fluids, such as liquids or slurries, or gases. A pump displaces a volume…

These calipers are used to measure the external size of an object. The same observations and technique apply to this type of caliper, as for the above inside caliper. With some understanding of their limitation and usage these instruments can provide a high degree of accuracy and repeatability. They are especially useful when measuring over very large distances, consider if the calipers are used to measure a large diameter pipe.

Precision Calipers and Dividers

These calipers are used to measure the external size of an object. The same observations and technique…

"For sprockets of different diameters, small rings D are used, of different diameters. The nut C is screwed on and off by a wrench; it has grooves, in order to get rid of the turnings that fall on the threads of the studs." —Grimshaw, 1902

Bicycle Sprockets Gear

"For sprockets of different diameters, small rings D are used, of different diameters. The nut C is…

The word "parachute" comes from "para", meaning "against" or "counter" in Ancient Greek, and "chute", the French word for "fall". Some modern parachutes are classified as semi-rigid wings, which are maneuverable and can make a controlled descent to break on impact with the ground.

DrogueParachute

The word "parachute" comes from "para", meaning "against" or "counter" in Ancient Greek, and "chute",…

This is a tool used to chute, or jump from an airplane and descent with.

Elongated Parachute

This is a tool used to chute, or jump from an airplane and descent with.

A movable device, especially a framed construction such as a room divider or a decorative panel, designed to divide, conceal, or protect.

Adjustable Window Screen

A movable device, especially a framed construction such as a room divider or a decorative panel, designed…

"In Sullivan's ranks is John Callendar, of Massachusetts. He commanded the artillery at Bunk Hill, and was accused of being a coward, and his command was taken from him. But he is a patriot, and is in the ranks. He sees a lieutenant commanding a battery fall, and the gunners begin to leave their guns. 'Stop!' he shouts. It is the voice of one accustomed to be obeyed, and the gunners return. He opens fire, and holds the position till the British sweep up the hill. The other soldiers flee, but he will not. He is ramming home a charge, when a bayonet is leveled at his breast. A British officer admires his heroism, and will not let him be harmed."—Coffin, 1879

John Callendar Saved by a British Officer

"In Sullivan's ranks is John Callendar, of Massachusetts. He commanded the artillery at Bunk Hill, and…

"It is a weary march. The soldiers are foot-sore, hungry, exhausted. Some drop from the ranks, and fall asleep in a moment upon the frozen ground. Mile after mile they drag themselves along. Little children give them bread, glad to do so much for those who have fought so bravely, and receive in return a kind 'God bless you!'"—Coffin, 1879

God Bless You

"It is a weary march. The soldiers are foot-sore, hungry, exhausted. Some drop from the ranks, and fall…

A flowery divider.

Floral Divider

A flowery divider.

A decorative, ornate divider.

Ornate Divider

A decorative, ornate divider.

A decorative, ornate divider

Ornate Divider

A decorative, ornate divider

A decorative, filigree divider.

Filigree Divider

A decorative, filigree divider.

A decorative divider.

Funky Divider

A decorative divider.

A floral middle divider.

Floral Divider

A floral middle divider.

A floral border.

Floral Divider

A floral border.

A divider with long leaves.

Leafy Divider

A divider with long leaves.

A flowery divider

Floral Divider

A flowery divider

A floral divider.

Floral Divider

A floral divider.

A floral divider.

Floral Divider Design

A floral divider.

A leafy divider.

Leafy Divider

A leafy divider.

A floral divider.

Floral Divider

A floral divider.

"The pomegranate consists of two rows of carpels, one above the other, but in other respects would fall under this division."—Darby, 1855

Pomegranate

"The pomegranate consists of two rows of carpels, one above the other, but in other respects would fall…

"While treading on our course this earthly ball, / We often stumble, and we sometimes fall: / 'Get above others.' says human nature, / But if we get too high, the fall is greater. / He that would 'scape great dangers far and nigh, / Will lowly walk, and will not climb too high."—Barber, 1857

Climb Not Too High, Lest the Fall be Greater

"While treading on our course this earthly ball, / We often stumble, and we sometimes fall: / 'Get above…

"See o'er this icy pathway pictured here, / Three sturdy travelers on foot appear; / One of them slips - he breaks his bones - / 'So much for hurrying,' thus he inward groans: / The man more wise and careful goes more slow, / Looks where he steps, and doth more surely go."—Barber, 1857

Slow but Sure

"See o'er this icy pathway pictured here, / Three sturdy travelers on foot appear; / One of them slips…

"The child is wandering into danger great, / The mother draws it from a downward fate, / Thus stops its fall; better thus 'tis quite plain, / Than broken limbs to have, and hours of pain. / Would you prevent a man from drinking rum, / Destroy his liquor, and the work is done."—Barber, 1857

Prevention is Better than Cure

"The child is wandering into danger great, / The mother draws it from a downward fate, / Thus stops…

In the story of Balin and Balan, the image depicts the damsel removing her mantle in front of King Arthur and his followers.

The Damsel Let Fall Her Mantle

In the story of Balin and Balan, the image depicts the damsel removing her mantle in front of King Arthur…

The Fall Webworm and its stages of life, including the caterpillar, pupae, and moth.

Fall Webworm

The Fall Webworm and its stages of life, including the caterpillar, pupae, and moth.

An ancient Assyrian divider with an ornamental horse design.

Assyrian Divider 1

An ancient Assyrian divider with an ornamental horse design.

A decorative divider dating back from ancient Assyria.

Assyrian Divider 2

A decorative divider dating back from ancient Assyria.