ClipArt ETC
"Diagram showing some types of unusual growth in thickness...B, cross section of stem of species of Bauhinia; the xylem strands, b, are stippled while the surrounding parenchyma and bark tissues are left white." -Stevens, 1916

Bauhinia Unusual Stem Growth

"Diagram showing some types of unusual growth in thickness...B, cross section of stem of species of…

"Diagram showing some types of unusual growth in thickness...C, portion of a cross section of stem of Gnetum scandens; 1, 2, and 3 are successive rings of growth; m, is the pith; b, is a sclerenchyma ring. The xylem portions with the exception of the larger tracheal tubes are shaded, while the medullary rays, phloem and tissues intervening between the rings of growth and the outer cortes tissues are left white." -Stevens, 1916

G. Scandens Unusual Stem Growth

"Diagram showing some types of unusual growth in thickness...C, portion of a cross section of stem of…

"C, portion of cross section of submerged stem of Nymphaea odorata, where there is no cutinized layer, and the cuticle is a hardly distinguishable film." -Stevens, 1916

N. Odorata Epidermis

"C, portion of cross section of submerged stem of Nymphaea odorata, where there is no cutinized layer,…

"Different forms of epidermal outgrowths. 1, hooked hair from Phaseolus multiflorus; 2, climbing hair from stem of Humulus Lupulus; 3, rod-like wax coating from the stem of Saccharum offininarum; 4, climbing hair of Lossa hispida; 5, stinging hair of Urtica urens." -Stevens, 1916

Epidermal Outgrowths

"Different forms of epidermal outgrowths. 1, hooked hair from Phaseolus multiflorus; 2, climbing hair…

"Stone cells from different sources. 1, from coffee; 2, 3, and 4, from stem of clove; 5 and 6, from tea leaf; 7, 8, and 9, from powdered star anise seed." -Stevens, 1916

Stone Cells

"Stone cells from different sources. 1, from coffee; 2, 3, and 4, from stem of clove; 5 and 6, from…

"Cross section of a portion of palm stem. e, xylem; f, phloem portions of vascular bundle; g, sclerenchyma tissue about vascular bundle; d, fundamental or ground tissue; c, larger tracheal tubes in vascular bundle." -Stevens, 1916

Palm Stem

"Cross section of a portion of palm stem. e, xylem; f, phloem portions of vascular bundle; g, sclerenchyma…

"Diagram showing the progressive development of the skeletal tissues from the apex toward the base of the stem." -Stevens, 1916

Plant Skeletal Tissues

"Diagram showing the progressive development of the skeletal tissues from the apex toward the base of…

"A, diagram of course of vascular bundles in a palm stem; 1m, 2m, 3m, bundles from the median portions of the leaves." -Stevens, 1916

Palm Stem

"A, diagram of course of vascular bundles in a palm stem; 1m, 2m, 3m, bundles from the median portions…

"B, diagram of vascular bundles in external view and in cross section of the stem of Cerastium. The leaves are shown cut off at 1, 2, 2' and 3." -Stevens, 1916

Cerastium Stem

"B, diagram of vascular bundles in external view and in cross section of the stem of Cerastium. The…

"Diagram showing the course of the vascular bundles in a stem of Clematis viticella. Median bundles from the leaves are marked A, lateral bundles B and C." -Stevens, 1916

C. Viticella Stem

"Diagram showing the course of the vascular bundles in a stem of Clematis viticella. Median bundles…

"Diagram showing the relation of the water-carrying tissues of the leaves to those of the stem, and how the older rings of growth give up their water to the newer before this water can enter the leaves. The figures at the bottom indicate in years the age of the rings." -Stevens, 1916

Water Flow in Plants

"Diagram showing the relation of the water-carrying tissues of the leaves to those of the stem, and…

The cross section of the stem of hop, which carries large amounts of water.

Hop Stem Tissue

The cross section of the stem of hop, which carries large amounts of water.

The cross section of the stem of yellow poplar, which carries large amounts of water.

Yellow Poplar Stem Tissue

The cross section of the stem of yellow poplar, which carries large amounts of water.

The cross section of the stem of water cress, which carries very little water.

Water Cress Stem Tissue

The cross section of the stem of water cress, which carries very little water.

The cross section of the stem of Pisdium Galapageium, which carries very little water.

P. Galapageium Stem Tissue

The cross section of the stem of Pisdium Galapageium, which carries very little water.

"Diagram suggestive of the distribution of intercellular spaces throughout a plant. The heavy horizontal lines in stem and root indicate intercellular spaces in medullary rays. The arrows indicate the entrance of gasses through the stomata of the leaves and stomata and lenticels of the roots and everywhere over the younger roots where waterproofing is slight." -Stevens, 1916

Intercellular Spaces of a Plant

"Diagram suggestive of the distribution of intercellular spaces throughout a plant. The heavy horizontal…

"A, cross section of stem of Juncus...the black lines traversing the section are really chains of cells and thin-walled cells with relatively large intercellular spaces between them fill up i." -Stevens, 1916

Juncus Stem

"A, cross section of stem of Juncus...the black lines traversing the section are really chains of cells…

"B, stem of Nymphaea, showing large intercellular spaces at i." -Stevens, 1916

Nymphaea Stem

"B, stem of Nymphaea, showing large intercellular spaces at i." -Stevens, 1916

"Diagram illustrating the descent of food from the leaf into the stem, and its circulation upward and downward through the sieve tubes, and upward through the tracheal tissues." -Stevens, 1916

Leaf Food Circulation

"Diagram illustrating the descent of food from the leaf into the stem, and its circulation upward and…

"Diagram to show the relation of the food-conducting tissues of the leaf to those of the stem; and in the stem the relation of these tissues of one year to those of preceding years. The dotted line between phloem and xylem stands for the cambium. The figures at the bottom of the diagram indicate the age in years of the zones of tissues in phloem and xylem." -Stevens, 1916

Food Tissues

"Diagram to show the relation of the food-conducting tissues of the leaf to those of the stem; and in…

"Schizogenous resin duct in the young stem of ivy (Hedera helix), as seen in cross section. A, early, and B, later stage in the formation of the duct. g, the mature duct; c, cambium wb, phloem; b, bast fibers." -Stevens, 1916

Ivy Stem

"Schizogenous resin duct in the young stem of ivy (Hedera helix), as seen in cross section. A, early,…

"Diagram of a gymnoblastic Hydroid. a., Stem; b., root; c., gut cavity; d., endoderm (dark); e., ectoderm; f., horny perisarc; g., hydra-like "person" (hydranth); g'., the same, contracted; h., hypostome bearing mouth; k., sac-like reproductive bud (sporosac); m., a modified hydranth (blastostyle) bearing sporosacs; l., medusoid "person." -Thomson, 1916

Hydroid

"Diagram of a gymnoblastic Hydroid. a., Stem; b., root; c., gut cavity; d., endoderm (dark); e., ectoderm;…

"Embryo germinating: a running into the ground to become a root; b running up to form a stem; c the tube which supplies nutriment from the cotyledons until both roots and leaves are ready to work." -Newman, 1850

Cotyledon Germinating

"Embryo germinating: a running into the ground to become a root; b running up to form a stem; c the…

"Axillary.--Placed in the axilla (arm-pit). A term by which the angle formed by the union of the leaf and the stem is designated." -Newman, 1850

Axillary

"Axillary.--Placed in the axilla (arm-pit). A term by which the angle formed by the union of the leaf…

"Sessile.--Said of leaves seated on the stem, without footstalks." -Newman, 1850

Sessile

"Sessile.--Said of leaves seated on the stem, without footstalks." -Newman, 1850

A climbing stem.

Climbing Stem

A climbing stem.

A perfoliate leaf is when there is a stem through the leaf.

Perfoliate Leaf

A perfoliate leaf is when there is a stem through the leaf.

A clasping leaf around a stem.

Clasping Leaf

A clasping leaf around a stem.

"Anceps.--Two-edged." -Newman, 1850

Anceps

"Anceps.--Two-edged." -Newman, 1850

"Volva.--Wrapper; belonging to mushrooms." -Newman, 1850

Volva

"Volva.--Wrapper; belonging to mushrooms." -Newman, 1850

A creeping stem.

Creeping Stem

A creeping stem.

A square stem.

Square Stem

A square stem.

"Decurrent.--When leaves run down the stem to a point considerably below the place where they diverge from it." -Newman, 1850

Decurrent Leaf

"Decurrent.--When leaves run down the stem to a point considerably below the place where they diverge…

A triangular stem.

Triangular Stem

A triangular stem.

An articulated or jointed stem.

Articulated Stem

An articulated or jointed stem.

A twining stem, or vine.

Twining Stem

A twining stem, or vine.

"Peltate.--Stalk fastened in the middle." -Newman, 1850

Peltate Leaf

"Peltate.--Stalk fastened in the middle." -Newman, 1850

"Aculeus.--A prickle or sharp point, from the bark." -Newman, 1850

Aculeus

"Aculeus.--A prickle or sharp point, from the bark." -Newman, 1850

A thorn of a plant.

Thorn

A thorn of a plant.

"a Lepidodendron (restored); b & c impressions on back; d stem with leaves; e leaflet; f fruit of Lepidodendron, called Lepidostrobus; g showing spores in bracts of fruit." -Taylor, 1904

Lepidodedron

"a Lepidodendron (restored); b & c impressions on back; d stem with leaves; e leaflet; f fruit of Lepidodendron,…

"a Sigillaria (restored); b leaflet; c & d impressions on bark; e section of stem; f portion of cylinder, magnified." -Taylor, 1904

Sigillaria

"a Sigillaria (restored); b leaflet; c & d impressions on bark; e section of stem; f portion of cylinder,…

"Pentacrinus fasciculosus. Lias Shales, Wurtemburg; a ossicle of stem; (b ditto of another species, P. basaltiformis)." -Taylor, 1904

Pentacrinus

"Pentacrinus fasciculosus. Lias Shales, Wurtemburg; a ossicle of stem; (b ditto of another species,…

"Young seedling of windsor bean. c, cotyledon; r, root; s, stem." -Bergen, 1896

Windsor Bean Seedling

"Young seedling of windsor bean. c, cotyledon; r, root; s, stem." -Bergen, 1896

"Successive stages in the life history of the bean seedling. AA, the surface of the ground; r, primary root; r', secondary root; c, hypocotyl; a, arch of hypocotyl; co, cotyledons." -Bergen, 1896

Bean Seed Stages

"Successive stages in the life history of the bean seedling. AA, the surface of the ground; r, primary…

"Dodder growing upon a Golden-Rod Stem. s, seedling dodder plants, growing in earth; h, stem of host; r, haustoria or parasitic roots of dodder; l, scale-like leaves; A, magnified section of a portion of willow stem, showing penetration of haustoria." -Bergen, 1896

Dodder on Golden Rod

"Dodder growing upon a Golden-Rod Stem. s, seedling dodder plants, growing in earth; h, stem of host;…

"Apparatus to measure root-pressure. T, large tube fastened to the stump of the dahlia stem by a rubber tube; rr, rubber stoppers; t, bent tube containing mercury; ll', upper and lower level of mercury in T." -Bergen, 1896

Root Pressure

"Apparatus to measure root-pressure. T, large tube fastened to the stump of the dahlia stem by a rubber…

"Coiling of a tendril of bryony." -Bergen, 1896

Bryony

"Coiling of a tendril of bryony." -Bergen, 1896

"Coiling of petiole of dwarf tropaeolum." -Bergen, 1896

Tropaeolum

"Coiling of petiole of dwarf tropaeolum." -Bergen, 1896

"Twining stem of hop." -Bergen, 1896

Hop

"Twining stem of hop." -Bergen, 1896

"Stem of "Smilax" (Myrsiphyllum). l, scale-like leaves; cl, cladophyll, or leaf-like branch, growing in the axil of the leaf; ped, flower-stalk, growing in the axil of a leaf." -Bergen, 1896

Smilax

"Stem of "Smilax" (Myrsiphyllum). l, scale-like leaves; cl, cladophyll, or leaf-like branch, growing…

"Diagrammatic cross-section of stem of Indian corn. cv, fibro-vascular bundles; gc, pithy material between bundles." -Bergen, 1896

Corn Section

"Diagrammatic cross-section of stem of Indian corn. cv, fibro-vascular bundles; gc, pithy material between…

"Thorn stipules of locust." -Bergen, 1896

Locust Thorns

"Thorn stipules of locust." -Bergen, 1896

"Fruits of Linden, with a bract joined to the peduncle and forming a wing." -Bergen, 1896

Tilia Fruit

"Fruits of Linden, with a bract joined to the peduncle and forming a wing." -Bergen, 1896

"A scouring-rush (Equisetum sylvaticum). At the right is a colorless fertile stem, in the middle a green sterile one, and at the left a green fertile one." -Bergen, 1896

Scouring Rush

"A scouring-rush (Equisetum sylvaticum). At the right is a colorless fertile stem, in the middle a green…

"The most common variety of the flax plant has a very slender erect stem, two or three feet high, branching only near the top, so as to form a loose corymb of flowers." -Lupton

Flax Plant

"The most common variety of the flax plant has a very slender erect stem, two or three feet high, branching…

"The date is the fruit of a tall and graceful palm which shoots up a single straight stem to height of fifty or sixty feet, and then expands into a beautiful crown of leaves.

Date Tree

"The date is the fruit of a tall and graceful palm which shoots up a single straight stem to height…

"Tulip bulb; longitudinal section. F, solid stem; B, flower bud; S, leaf-bases serving as bud-scales, and also for the storage of plant food." -Gager, 1916

Tulip Bulb

"Tulip bulb; longitudinal section. F, solid stem; B, flower bud; S, leaf-bases serving as bud-scales,…

"Diagram showing tissue-systems in young stem of castor-oil plant (Ricinus communis), as seen in cross-section. ep, epidermis; cor, cortex; p, pith or medulla; b, fibro-vascular bundle; ph, phloem; ca, cambium; x, xylem; ic, interfascicular cambium." -Gager, 1916

Castor-Oil Plant Stem

"Diagram showing tissue-systems in young stem of castor-oil plant (Ricinus communis), as seen in cross-section.…

"The castor-oil plant (Ricinus communis). Portion of cross-section of young stem. co, Cortex; p, pith or medulla; e, epidermis; ph, phloem; ca, cambium; x, xylem. The last three elements compose the fibro-vascular bundle, the cambium being continuous from bundle to bundle; the portion between the bundles is called interfascicular cambium." -Gager, 1916

Castor-Oil Plant Stem

"The castor-oil plant (Ricinus communis). Portion of cross-section of young stem. co, Cortex; p, pith…

"Portion of dandelion scape, showing "curls" resulting from longitudinal tissue-tension." -Gager, 1916

Dandelion Scape

"Portion of dandelion scape, showing "curls" resulting from longitudinal tissue-tension." -Gager, 1916