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This is an illustration of the pine-destroying beetle of the Black Hills; a, adult beetle, enlarged; b, adult beetle, natural size.

Beetle

This is an illustration of the pine-destroying beetle of the Black Hills; a, adult beetle, enlarged;…

This illustration shows coal-beds with stumps of trees rising out of the coal. The stumps always stand vertically on the bed, however much the latter may be displaced, showing that the bed was horizontal when it was formed, or when the trees were growing.

Coal Beds

This illustration shows coal-beds with stumps of trees rising out of the coal. The stumps always stand…

Cleodora refers to a genus of plants in the family Euphorbiaceae. The best known member of this genus is probably Croton tiglium, commonly called croton, a tree or shrub native to Southeast Asia.

Cleodora

Cleodora refers to a genus of plants in the family Euphorbiaceae. The best known member of this genus…

A common name for palm tree.

Date Palm

A common name for palm tree.

The narrow ended dendroaspis, otherwise known as the tree asp, tree snake, or mamba. It is about 6 feet long, slender, and a good climber. Its color is olive brown washed with green.

Tree Asp

The narrow ended dendroaspis, otherwise known as the tree asp, tree snake, or mamba. It is about 6 feet…

A tree creeper bird perched on a branch.

Tree Creeper

A tree creeper bird perched on a branch.

A duck with a bill longer than its head and curved downward. Its legs are long and fitted with bird like feet adapted for perching.

Australian Tree Duck

A duck with a bill longer than its head and curved downward. Its legs are long and fitted with bird…

They are adapted for arboreal life, having the tail less robust tan that of the ground kangaroos, and the limbs better proportioned, with stronger claws. They move in trees by leaping.

Tree Kangaroo

They are adapted for arboreal life, having the tail less robust tan that of the ground kangaroos, and…

A tree snake of the dendrophis genus coiiled around a tree trunk.

Tree Snake

A tree snake of the dendrophis genus coiiled around a tree trunk.

A Vampire Bat hanging from a tree branch.

Vampire Bat

A Vampire Bat hanging from a tree branch.

This illustration shows a man preparing rubber.

Rubber

This illustration shows a man preparing rubber.

A species of pine native to southern Europe. It is widely known for its edible pine nuts since prehistoric times.

Parasol Pine

A species of pine native to southern Europe. It is widely known for its edible pine nuts since prehistoric…

A young boy trying to chop down a tree with an axe.

Tree Chop

A young boy trying to chop down a tree with an axe.

A hand carved hall tree made out of quartered oak.

Hall Tree

A hand carved hall tree made out of quartered oak.

A hand carved hall tree made out of quartered oak.

Hall Tree

A hand carved hall tree made out of quartered oak.

An ornamental hand carved hall tree made out of quartered oak.

Hall Tree

An ornamental hand carved hall tree made out of quartered oak.

An ornamental hand carved hall tree made out of quartered oak.

Hall Tree

An ornamental hand carved hall tree made out of quartered oak.

A tree of rapid growth and size.

Dragon Tree

A tree of rapid growth and size.

Tree of Triste Noche represents the remains of the tree under which Cortes and his followers gathered after that eventful night.

Tree of Triste Noche

Tree of Triste Noche represents the remains of the tree under which Cortes and his followers gathered…

A tree frog perched on many branches.

Tree Frog

A tree frog perched on many branches.

A bird with its plumage gray, with black and white wings and tail. Feeds on mostly pine nuts.

American Nutcracker

A bird with its plumage gray, with black and white wings and tail. Feeds on mostly pine nuts.

A loud bird that uses it beak to bore holes in tree trunks to feed on bugs.

Great Spotted Woodpecker

A loud bird that uses it beak to bore holes in tree trunks to feed on bugs.

A pine whose cone is more elongated and slender.

White Pine Cone

A pine whose cone is more elongated and slender.

A cone of the stone pine. Usually oval shaped and has edible seeds.

Stone Pine Cone

A cone of the stone pine. Usually oval shaped and has edible seeds.

A sweet, yellow fruit resembling a pine cone.

Pineapple

A sweet, yellow fruit resembling a pine cone.

A large fringilline bird of Europe and North American found chiefly in coniferous woods in northerly or alpine regions.

Pine Grosbeak

A large fringilline bird of Europe and North American found chiefly in coniferous woods in northerly…

A North american meadow mouse. About 4 inches long of a rich dark reddish brown color, with very smooth, glossy fur.

Pine Mouse

A North american meadow mouse. About 4 inches long of a rich dark reddish brown color, with very smooth,…

It is about 6 iches long and of an olive green color above and a dull yellow color below.

Pine Warbler

It is about 6 iches long and of an olive green color above and a dull yellow color below.

A couple sitting under a tree in a wooded area.

Couple Under Tree

A couple sitting under a tree in a wooded area.

Capital letter M with a tree in the background.

M, Letter

Capital letter M with a tree in the background.

The fruit of a small tree belonging to the same natural order as the orange. There are numerous varieties of the lemon, but they may all be reduced to four general types. 1. The common or general lemon. 2. The thin-skinned lemon. 3. The sweet lemon. 4. The citron lemon.

Lemon

The fruit of a small tree belonging to the same natural order as the orange. There are numerous varieties…

"Crown of Coconut Palm, with Fruit." — Chambers, 1881

Coconut Palm

"Crown of Coconut Palm, with Fruit." — Chambers, 1881

"A South American tree of the natural order Papayaceae of which order about 30 species are known which has now been introduced into many tropical and subtropical countries. It grows to the height of 15-30 feet, with leaves only at the top." — Chambers, 1881

Papaw Tree

"A South American tree of the natural order Papayaceae of which order about 30 species are known which…

"The Chinapatam Sugar-mill consists of a mortar made by cutting down some hard-wood tree to within 2 or 3 feet of the ground, and hollowing the top of the portion left standing in the ground into the form of a mortar, A. A small hole is then bored obliquely through from the bottom of the cavity to the outside, and a pipe, f, conveys the juice into a jar, g. B is a cylindrical piece of wood, sharpened at each end, to act as a pestle, which is kept in its place with sufficient pressure by the lever C and the ropes at E. Two men are required: one at I has a basket supplied with small lengths of freshly-cut cane, which he places, two or three at a time, in the mortar, and when necessary, removes the crushed ones; the other man sits on the other end of the train, balancing it, and at the same time drives oxen which are attached to the end of the beam D, and keep the movable parts of the mill constantly turning round." — Chambers, 1881

Chinapatam Sugar-mill

"The Chinapatam Sugar-mill consists of a mortar made by cutting down some hard-wood tree to within 2…

A small beetle.

Pine Weevil

A small beetle.

A tree that provides delicious nuts.

Pistachio

A tree that provides delicious nuts.

A serpent having carinate scales.

Pine Snake

A serpent having carinate scales.

A giant tree often 90 to 120 feet high. Commonly used in wood working.

American Plane Tree

A giant tree often 90 to 120 feet high. Commonly used in wood working.

A small tree about 6 feet high.

Plantain

A small tree about 6 feet high.

"Scalariform or ladder-like prismatic vessels of a Tree Fern." — Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

Tree Fern

"Scalariform or ladder-like prismatic vessels of a Tree Fern." — Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

A small tree native to tropical climates.

Red Plum

A small tree native to tropical climates.

A small tree native to tropical climates.

Red Plum

A small tree native to tropical climates.

A Californian timber tree. Grows 200 to 300 feet high and have a thick cinnamon colored bark. The inside wood is a rich brownish red.

Redwood Branch

A Californian timber tree. Grows 200 to 300 feet high and have a thick cinnamon colored bark. The inside…

The cone of a redwood tree.

Redwood Cone

The cone of a redwood tree.

"The simplest and most generally practised form of budding is that called Shield budding or T-budding. The operator should be provided with a budding-knife in which the cutting edge of the blade is rounded off at the point, and which has a thin ivory or bone handle, for raising the bark of the stock. A horizonal incision is made in the bark quite down to the wood, and from this a perpendicular slit is drawn downwards to the extent of perhaps an inch, so that the slit has a resemblance to the letter T, as at a. A bud is then cut by a clean incision from the tree intended to be propagated, having a portion of the wood attached to it, and so that the whole may be an inch and a half long, as at d." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Shield-Budding

"The simplest and most generally practised form of budding is that called Shield budding or T-budding.…

"This image gives a good idea of how these drawf trees are to be manipulated, a showing the first year's development from the maiden tree after being headed back, and b the form assumed a year or two later." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Dwarf-Tree Pruning

"This image gives a good idea of how these drawf trees are to be manipulated, a showing the first year's…

"a shows a young tree with its second year's growth, the upright shoot of the maiden tree having been moderately headed back, being left longer if the buds near the base promise to break freely, or cut shorter if they are weak and wanting in vigour. The winter pruning, carried out with the view to shape the tree into a well-grown pyramid, would be effected at the places marked by a cross line." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Pyramid Pruning

"a shows a young tree with its second year's growth, the upright shoot of the maiden tree having been…

"Pruning for a Fan-Shaped Tree." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Fan-Shaped Pruning

"Pruning for a Fan-Shaped Tree." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

"Pruning for a Fan-Shaped Tree, Third Year." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Fan-Shaped Pruning

"Pruning for a Fan-Shaped Tree, Third Year." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

"Pruning for a Fan-Shaped Tree, Fourth Year." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Fan-Shaped Pruning

"Pruning for a Fan-Shaped Tree, Fourth Year." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

"Pruning for Horizontally-Trained Tree." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Horizontal Shaped Pruning

"Pruning for Horizontally-Trained Tree." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

"Pruning for Horizontally-Trained Tree, Third Year." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Horizontal Shaped Pruning

"Pruning for Horizontally-Trained Tree, Third Year." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

"Pruning for Horizontally-Trained Tree, Fifth Year." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Horizontal Shaped Pruning

"Pruning for Horizontally-Trained Tree, Fifth Year." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

"The nature of the cut itself in pruning is of more consequence, especially in the case of fruit trees, than at first signt may appear. The branches should be separated by a clean cut at an angle of abouot 45 degrees, just at the back of a bud, the cut entering on a level with the base of the bud and passing out on a level with its top, for when cut in this way the wound becomes rapidly covered with new wood, as soon as growth recommences, whereas if the cut is too close the bud is starved, or if less close an ugly and awkward snag is left." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Pruning

"The nature of the cut itself in pruning is of more consequence, especially in the case of fruit trees,…

"The nature of the cut itself in pruning is of more consequence, especially in the case of fruit trees, than at first signt may appear. The branches should be separated by a clean cut at an angle of abouot 45 degrees, just at the back of a bud, the cut entering on a level with the base of the bud and passing out on a level with its top, for when cut in this way the wound becomes rapidly covered with new wood, as soon as growth recommences, whereas if the cut is too close the bud is starved, or if less close an ugly and awkward snag is left." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Pruning

"The nature of the cut itself in pruning is of more consequence, especially in the case of fruit trees,…

"The nature of the cut itself in pruning is of more consequence, especially in the case of fruit trees, than at first signt may appear. The branches should be separated by a clean cut at an angle of abouot 45 degrees, just at the back of a bud, the cut entering on a level with the base of the bud and passing out on a level with its top, for when cut in this way the wound becomes rapidly covered with new wood, as soon as growth recommences, whereas if the cut is too close the bud is starved, or if less close an ugly and awkward snag is left." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Pruning

"The nature of the cut itself in pruning is of more consequence, especially in the case of fruit trees,…

"The nature of the cut itself in pruning is of more consequence, especially in the case of fruit trees, than at first signt may appear. The branches should be separated by a clean cut at an angle of abouot 45 degrees, just at the back of a bud, the cut entering on a level with the base of the bud and passing out on a level with its top, for when cut in this way the wound becomes rapidly covered with new wood, as soon as growth recommences, whereas if the cut is too close the bud is starved, or if less close an ugly and awkward snag is left." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Pruning

"The nature of the cut itself in pruning is of more consequence, especially in the case of fruit trees,…

"The nature of the cut itself in pruning is of more consequence, especially in the case of fruit trees, than at first signt may appear. The branches should be separated by a clean cut at an angle of abouot 45 degrees, just at the back of a bud, the cut entering on a level with the base of the bud and passing out on a level with its top, for when cut in this way the wound becomes rapidly covered with new wood, as soon as growth recommences, whereas if the cut is too close the bud is starved, or if less close an ugly and awkward snag is left." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Pruning

"The nature of the cut itself in pruning is of more consequence, especially in the case of fruit trees,…

"The nature of the cut itself in pruning is of more consequence, especially in the case of fruit trees, than at first signt may appear. The branches should be separated by a clean cut at an angle of abouot 45 degrees, just at the back of a bud, the cut entering on a level with the base of the bud and passing out on a level with its top, for when cut in this way the wound becomes rapidly covered with new wood, as soon as growth recommences, whereas if the cut is too close the bud is starved, or if less close an ugly and awkward snag is left." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Pruning

"The nature of the cut itself in pruning is of more consequence, especially in the case of fruit trees,…

"Summer Pruning should be performed while the shoots are yet young and succulent, so that they may be in most cases be nipped off with the thumb-nail. It is very necessary in the case of trees trained to a flat surface, as a wall or espalier rail, to prevent undue crowding. In some cases, as, for example, with peaches, the superfluous shoots are wholly removed, and certain selected shoots reserved to supply bearing wood for the next year." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Summer Pruning

"Summer Pruning should be performed while the shoots are yet young and succulent, so that they may be…