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"Of all the caterpillars of the genus <em>Sphinx</em>, this is the one which, by its attitude when in a state of repose, most resembles the sphinx of fable."

Larva of Privet Hawk Moth (Sphinx Ligustri)

"Of all the caterpillars of the genus Sphinx, this is the one which, by its attitude when in…

"Three of four days before it buries itself in the earth to change itself into a chrysalis, its colors grow dim."

Pupa of Privet Hawk Moth (Sphinx Ligustri)

"Three of four days before it buries itself in the earth to change itself into a chrysalis, its colors…

"From July to September the Convolvulus Sphinx is common. The caterpillar of this species, which presents a great number of varieties, lives on many kinds of <em>Convolvuli</em>."

Convolvulus Sphinx (Sphinx Convoluli)

"From July to September the Convolvulus Sphinx is common. The caterpillar of this species, which presents…

The Death's Head Hawk Moth will bury itself in the earth to change into a chrysalis of a bright chestnut brown.

Chrysalis of Death's Head Hawk Moth

The Death's Head Hawk Moth will bury itself in the earth to change into a chrysalis of a bright chestnut…

"The larva is found on the lime and the elm. It buries itself at the foot of the tree on which it has fed to change into a Chrysalis, without making a cocoon."

Larva of the Lime Hawk Moth (Smerinthus Tiliae)

"The larva is found on the lime and the elm. It buries itself at the foot of the tree on which it has…

"The Poplar Hawk Moth lives on the poplar, the aspen, and sometimes on the willow and birch."

Larva of the Poplar Hawk Moth (Smerinthus Populi)

"The Poplar Hawk Moth lives on the poplar, the aspen, and sometimes on the willow and birch."

"At the fifth [age], the worm has very nearly reached the end of its career in the caterpillar state, and now is the time of its greatest voracity."

Silkworm, Fifth Age

"At the fifth [age], the worm has very nearly reached the end of its career in the caterpillar state,…

Females will take approximately three days to lay their eggs. When completed, they will have laid between 300 and 700 eggs in total.

Silkworm Moth, Female (Bombyx Mori)

Females will take approximately three days to lay their eggs. When completed, they will have laid between…

"In order to get them to leave their old food and feed upon the bright and newer leaves, a net is spread over them, on which is laid the supply of tender leaves. The worms at once leave the old food, crawl through the meshes of the net, and all begin feeding on the new leaves."

Silkworm, Lozenge Shaped Net

"In order to get them to leave their old food and feed upon the bright and newer leaves, a net is spread…

"In order to get them to leave their old food and feed upon the bright and newer leaves, a net is spread over them, on which is laid the supply of tender leaves. The worms at once leave the old food, crawl through the meshes of the net, and all begin feeding on the new leaves."

Silkworm, Square Net

"In order to get them to leave their old food and feed upon the bright and newer leaves, a net is spread…

The best silkworm cocoons "are drawn in toward the middle, or have a concavity on either side. There are white and yellow cocoons, the produce of different species of worms."

Cocoon of Bombyx Mori Drawn in Toward the Middle

The best silkworm cocoons "are drawn in toward the middle, or have a concavity on either side. There…

The various stages of the Silkworm's life presented in a single diagram.

Larva, Pupa, Cocoon and Moth of Silkworm (Bombyx Mori)

The various stages of the Silkworm's life presented in a single diagram.

"The silk of the <em>Yama-Mai</em> is as bright as that of the mulberry silkworm, but a little less fine and strong." The caterpillar is quite larger than other caterpillars.

Larva of Attacus (Bombyx) Yama-Mai

"The silk of the Yama-Mai is as bright as that of the mulberry silkworm, but a little less…

"The silk of the <em>Yama-Mai</em> is as bright as that of the mulberry silkworm, but a little less fine and strong." The caterpillar is quite larger than other caterpillars.

Cocoon of Attacus (Bombyx) Yama-Mai

"The silk of the Yama-Mai is as bright as that of the mulberry silkworm, but a little less…

"The Lackey derives its name from the color of the caterpillar, which has longitudinal lines of various colors and a blue head."

The Lackey (Bombyx Neustria)

"The Lackey derives its name from the color of the caterpillar, which has longitudinal lines of various…

Also called the Hop-Dog. "It attacks every kind of tree. In 1828 they laid waste a tract of woods three thousand acres in extent."

Orgyia Pudibunda

Also called the Hop-Dog. "It attacks every kind of tree. In 1828 they laid waste a tract of woods three…

"The <em>Orgyias</em> comprise a great number of small species, of a dark color, which do a great deal of damage to our forest trees."

Vapourer Moth (Orgyia Antiqua)

"The Orgyias comprise a great number of small species, of a dark color, which do a great deal…

"The Brown Tailed Moth is also very destructive to trees. The caterpillars live in quantities on the apple, pear and elm trees."

Liparis Chrysorrhoea

"The Brown Tailed Moth is also very destructive to trees. The caterpillars live in quantities on the…

The caterpillar of the Puss Moth feeds on the poplars and willows.

Larva of Dicranura Vinula

The caterpillar of the Puss Moth feeds on the poplars and willows.

"The caterpillar of the [Lobster Moth] presents a strange appearance, though the moth has nothing remarkable about it."

Larva of Lobster Moth

"The caterpillar of the [Lobster Moth] presents a strange appearance, though the moth has nothing remarkable…

"The <em>Noctuina</em> are a group of Lepidoptera of middling size, generally found in woods, meadows and gardens, where their caterpillars have lived. They seldom fly till about sunset, or during the night."

Catocala Paranympha

"The Noctuina are a group of Lepidoptera of middling size, generally found in woods, meadows…

"The <em>Noctuina</em> are a group of Lepidoptera of middling size, generally found in woods, meadows and gardens, where their caterpillars have lived. They seldom fly till about sunset, or during the night."

Catocala Nupta

"The Noctuina are a group of Lepidoptera of middling size, generally found in woods, meadows…

"These creatures are found on many trees, but particularly n the oak, the foliage of which they often entirely devour. The burrow into the ground to change into chrysalides. These fly around on foggy evenings as late as November."

Winter Moth, Male (Hybernia Defoliaria)

"These creatures are found on many trees, but particularly n the oak, the foliage of which they often…

"These creatures are found on many trees, but particularly n the oak, the foliage of which they often entirely devour. The burrow into the ground to change into chrysalides."

Winter Moth, Female (Hybernia Defoliaria)

"These creatures are found on many trees, but particularly n the oak, the foliage of which they often…

"The <em>Pyralina</em> contains the smallest nocturnal Lepidoptera, and nearly all those tiny species which flutter around our lights in the evening."

Aedia Pusiella

"The Pyralina contains the smallest nocturnal Lepidoptera, and nearly all those tiny species…

"The <em>Pyralina</em> contains the smallest nocturnal Lepidoptera, and nearly all those tiny species which flutter around our lights in the evening."

Poedisca Autmnana

"The Pyralina contains the smallest nocturnal Lepidoptera, and nearly all those tiny species…

"The <em>Pyralina</em> contains the smallest nocturnal Lepidoptera, and nearly all those tiny species which flutter around our lights in the evening."

Tortrix Roborana

"The Pyralina contains the smallest nocturnal Lepidoptera, and nearly all those tiny species…

Certain caterpillars will roll an oak leaf in order to take refuge inside. "Packets of threads are attached by one end to the surface of the roll, and by the other to the flat surface of the leaf."

Oak Leaf Rolled Perpendicularly

Certain caterpillars will roll an oak leaf in order to take refuge inside. "Packets of threads are attached…

Certain caterpillars will roll an oak leaf in order to take refuge inside. "Packets of threads are attached by one end to the surface of the roll, and by the other to the flat surface of the leaf."

Oak Leaf Rolled Sideways

Certain caterpillars will roll an oak leaf in order to take refuge inside. "Packets of threads are attached…

"Besides the rolling and folding caterpillars, there are still those which bind up a good many leaves in one packet. These packets are to be found on nearly every tree and shrub; the caterpillar lying nearly in the middle of the packet, is well sheltered, and surrounded by a good supply of food."

Willow Leaves Rolled by a Caterpillar

"Besides the rolling and folding caterpillars, there are still those which bind up a good many leaves…

"Besides the rolling and folding caterpillars, there are still those which bind up a good many leaves in one packet. These packets are to be found on nearly every tree and shrub; the caterpillar lying nearly in the middle of the packet, is well sheltered, and surrounded by a good supply of food."

Section of Willow Leaves Rolled by a Caterpillar

"Besides the rolling and folding caterpillars, there are still those which bind up a good many leaves…

1. Leaf with batches of eggs laid upon it. 2. Batches of recently aid eggs. 3. Eggs in which caterpillars can be perceived. 4. Batch of eggs from which the caterpillars have already emerged. 5. Small caterpillars hanging by threads. 6. Leaf with the chrysalis. 7. Caterpillar. 8. Moth.

The Vine Pyralis in its Three States

1. Leaf with batches of eggs laid upon it. 2. Batches of recently aid eggs. 3. Eggs in which caterpillars…

"It shows itself from the tenth to the twentieth of June; they are to be seen mostly at sunset."

The Vine Pyralis

"It shows itself from the tenth to the twentieth of June; they are to be seen mostly at sunset."

"The caterpillar is often called the vine worm, summer worm, vintage worm, or shell. Almost immediately after they leave the eggs, the little caterpillars hide themselves in the fissures of the vine stocks of the props which support them."

Caterpillar of the Vine Pyralis

"The caterpillar is often called the vine worm, summer worm, vintage worm, or shell. Almost immediately…

This caterpillar builds a case around itself using bits of cotton taken from clothing. If it does not find good cotton, it will carry its case on its back.

Larva of Woolen Moth Walking (Tinea Tapezella)

This caterpillar builds a case around itself using bits of cotton taken from clothing. If it does not…

"When they are full grown, and the time approaches for their metamorphosis, they abandon their food, and establish themselves in the angles of walls. They creep up to the ceilings, and suspend themselves by one extremity of their tube."

Case of Woolen Moth Attached to a Piece of Cloth

"When they are full grown, and the time approaches for their metamorphosis, they abandon their food,…

"It hides in the cracks of walls or against the hinges of doors; it swarms in kitchens. They can bore holes through trunks, through cases and through bags, and destroy objects which were supposed to be in perfect safety."

Cockroach (Blatta Orientalis)

"It hides in the cracks of walls or against the hinges of doors; it swarms in kitchens. They can bore…

"They resemble so exactly dry sticks that it is impossible to tell the difference. It is an inoffensive insect, walks gently along the branches of trees, and likes to repose in the sun."

Stick Insect (Phasma Rossia)

"They resemble so exactly dry sticks that it is impossible to tell the difference. It is an inoffensive…

They use their foremost legs as shovels to hollow out underground areas to hide and lay eggs. They are detrimental to agriculture.

Mole Cricket (Gryllo Talpa Vulgaris)

They use their foremost legs as shovels to hollow out underground areas to hide and lay eggs. They are…

"In Germany and Sweden, the peasants use it as a cure for warts. They make this insect bite the warts which they often have on their hands, and the liquid which at the same time flows from the insect's mouth into the wound causes the warts to dry up and disappear."

Wart Biter (Decticus Verrucivorus)

"In Germany and Sweden, the peasants use it as a cure for warts. They make this insect bite the warts…

"They will inflate themselves with air, and undertake journeys during which they travel more than eighteen miles a day, laying waste all the vegetation on their road."

Locust (Acridium Edipoda Migratorium)

"They will inflate themselves with air, and undertake journeys during which they travel more than eighteen…

"The joint is used for gathering the pollen; it folds back on the leg and forms with it a sort of small pair of pincers."

Leg of a Bee

"The joint is used for gathering the pollen; it folds back on the leg and forms with it a sort of small…

"The males are larger and more hairy than the working bee, emitting a sonorous and buzzing sound, have no palettes on their legs, the hairs on their tarsi are not appropriate to the work of gathering, their mandibles are sharper, and they have no sting like that with which the working bee is provided."

Male or Drone Bee (Apis Mellifica)

"The males are larger and more hairy than the working bee, emitting a sonorous and buzzing sound, have…

"The female is smaller than the male, and has a longer body than the working bee; the wings are shorter in proportion. The only part she has to play is that of laying eggs, so she has no palettes and brushes."

Female or Queen Bee (Apis Mellifica)

"The female is smaller than the male, and has a longer body than the working bee; the wings are shorter…

"Represents a hive constructed with leaves, which open like a book; it was invented by a naturalist to better observe their operations."

Beehive in Leaves

"Represents a hive constructed with leaves, which open like a book; it was invented by a naturalist…

"Bee seen through a magnifying-glass at the moment when the plates of wax appear between the segments of the abdomen."

Bee

"Bee seen through a magnifying-glass at the moment when the plates of wax appear between the segments…

"Each cell forms a small, hexagonal cup, closed on one side only by a pyramidal base. These bees always accommodate themselves to the nature of the hive."

Cells Constructed by Bees

"Each cell forms a small, hexagonal cup, closed on one side only by a pyramidal base. These bees always…

A. large cell intended for the larvae of the <em>queens</em> B. middling-sized cells intended for the larvae of the <em>male</em> C. small cells intended for he larvae of the <em>workers</em>

The Cells of a Beehive

A. large cell intended for the larvae of the queens B. middling-sized cells intended for the…

"Portion of the comb, with the eggs occupying the cells. One of the royal cells has been opened by the queen."

Portion of the Comb

"Portion of the comb, with the eggs occupying the cells. One of the royal cells has been opened by the…

"As the larva increases in size, its food is made to acquire a more decided taste of honey. In the space of five days, the larvae are developed. The perfect insect is hatched seven or eight days after its transformation into a pupa."

Larva of the Bee

"As the larva increases in size, its food is made to acquire a more decided taste of honey. In the space…

Early style of hive used to house bees.

Bell Shaped Hive

Early style of hive used to house bees.

Early style of hive used in Switzerland to house bees.

Swiss Hive

Early style of hive used in Switzerland to house bees.

Early style of hive used frequently in Poland to house bees.

Polish Hive

Early style of hive used frequently in Poland to house bees.

Early style of hive used to house bees.

Garden Hive

Early style of hive used to house bees.

"In order to take the honey successfully from the hives, it is usually the custom to stupefy the bees with smoke."

Bellows Used to Stupefy Bees

"In order to take the honey successfully from the hives, it is usually the custom to stupefy the bees…

"The Carpenter Bee, or Wood Piercer, hollows out galleries in decayed wood, and builds in them cells placed one over the other - a work often occupying many weeks."

Carpenter Bee, Pupae, Eggs, Galleries and Nests

"The Carpenter Bee, or Wood Piercer, hollows out galleries in decayed wood, and builds in them cells…

"The Mason Bees build their nests against the walls with tempered earth, which becomes very hard."

Mason Bee and Nest

"The Mason Bees build their nests against the walls with tempered earth, which becomes very hard."

"The Leaf Cutting Bees make their nests in tubes lined with the leaves of the rose, the willow, the lilac, etc., placed in a cylindrical burrow."

Rose Megachile Bee (Megachile Centuncularis)

"The Leaf Cutting Bees make their nests in tubes lined with the leaves of the rose, the willow, the…

"Wasps live in companies, which last only a year and are composed of males, females and workers. Their sting is larger than that of the bees, and is supplied with poison from a pouch placed at the base. The males have no sting."

Common Wasp (Vespa Vulgaris)

"Wasps live in companies, which last only a year and are composed of males, females and workers. Their…

"Toward the end of summer the nest may contain three thousand workers and many females, who live together in perfect harmony."

Exterior of a Wasp's Nest on a Branch of a Tree

"Toward the end of summer the nest may contain three thousand workers and many females, who live together…