ClipArt ETC
"Mercury was sent, accompanied by Spring, to demand Persephone of Pluto. The wily monarch consented, but, alas! the maiden had taken a pomegranate which Pluto offered her, and had sucked the sweet pulp from a few of the seeds. This was enough to prevent her complete release, by which she was to pass half the time with her mother, and the rest with her husband Pluto." —Bulfinch, 1897

Pluto, Persephone, and Mercury

"Mercury was sent, accompanied by Spring, to demand Persephone of Pluto. The wily monarch consented,…

"Sylvanus and Faunus were Latin divinities, whose characteristics are so nearly the same as Pan that we may safely consider them as the same personage under different names." —Bulfinch, 1897

Faunus

"Sylvanus and Faunus were Latin divinities, whose characteristics are so nearly the same as Pan that…

"Amphitrite was the wife of Neptune." —Bulfinch, 1897

Amphitrite

"Amphitrite was the wife of Neptune." —Bulfinch, 1897

"Diana of Ephesus." —Bulfinch, 1897

Diana of Ephesus

"Diana of Ephesus." —Bulfinch, 1897

"Nike, or Victory." —Bulfinch, 1897

Nike

"Nike, or Victory." —Bulfinch, 1897

"In the Brave Days of Old." —Bulfinch, 1897

Roman battle

"In the Brave Days of Old." —Bulfinch, 1897

"Eirene (Peace)." —Bulfinch, 1897

Eirene

"Eirene (Peace)." —Bulfinch, 1897

"Aphrodite or Venus" —Bulfinch, 1897

Aphrodite

"Aphrodite or Venus" —Bulfinch, 1897

"The Druidical system was at the height of at the time of the Roman invasion uner Julius Caesar. Against the Druids, as their chief enemies, these conquerors of the world directed their unsparing fury. The Druids, harassed at all points on the mainland, retreated to Anglesey and ona, where for a season they found shelter and continued their now dishonoured rites." —Bulfinch, 1897

Druids

"The Druidical system was at the height of at the time of the Roman invasion uner Julius Caesar. Against…

"Minerva." —Bulfinch, 1897

Minerva

"Minerva." —Bulfinch, 1897

Queen of France and Archduchess of Austria. she was the daughter of the Holy Roman Emperor Francis I and his wife Maria Theresa of Austria; wife of Louis XVI; and mother of Louis XVII. She was guillotined at the height of the French Revolution, and is interred with her husband in the royal crypt at Saint Denis Basilica in Paris.

Marie Antoinette

Queen of France and Archduchess of Austria. she was the daughter of the Holy Roman Emperor Francis I…

The god of war, corresponding to the Greek Ares. He was the son of Juno, and as father of Romulus was the traditional founder of the Roman race.

Mars

The god of war, corresponding to the Greek Ares. He was the son of Juno, and as father of Romulus was…

Roman emperor, son of Sneius Domitius Ahenobarbus and Agrippina, daughter of Germanicus, born at Antium, Dec. 15, 37 A.D.; suicided June 9, 68 A. D.

Nero

Roman emperor, son of Sneius Domitius Ahenobarbus and Agrippina, daughter of Germanicus, born at Antium,…

"Derived from the Sanscrit word Svasti, which means good pretence. It dates bck three or four thousand years B.C. and has been found in nearly all excavations of prehistoric times and among the relics of primitive people all over the world. It has been known alike to Ancient Greeks, Egyptians, Chinese, Japanese, East Indians, Aztecs, mound builders, and the North and South American Indians, with all of whom it has a similar meaning, viz., good luck and happiness. In Indian it is drawn below the seats intended for bridegrooms, below the plates containing food to be offered to gods and is tattooed on the arms. It is drawn on the scalp at the thread ceremony and on the dorsum of the feet on all auspicious ceremonies, such as mariages, etc. The usual figure consists of four arms with the cross at right angles and the arms pointing in the direction of motion of a clock's hand, although it has been given different forms, as shown by the accompanying illustrations. It is very commonly used as a rug design, especially in the Chinese, Caucasian, Turkish, and Turkoman products."

Swastika Design

"Derived from the Sanscrit word Svasti, which means good pretence. It dates bck three or four thousand…

"Derived from the Sanscrit word Svasti, which means good pretence. It dates bck three or four thousand years B.C. and has been found in nearly all excavations of prehistoric times and among the relics of primitive people all over the world. It has been known alike to Ancient Greeks, Egyptians, Chinese, Japanese, East Indians, Aztecs, mound builders, and the North and South American Indians, with all of whom it has a similar meaning, viz., good luck and happiness. In Indian it is drawn below the seats intended for bridegrooms, below the plates containing food to be offered to gods and is tattooed on the arms. It is drawn on the scalp at the thread ceremony and on the dorsum of the feet on all auspicious ceremonies, such as mariages, etc. The usual figure consists of four arms with the cross at right angles and the arms pointing in the direction of motion of a clock's hand, although it has been given different forms, as shown by the accompanying illustrations. It is very commonly used as a rug design, especially in the Chinese, Caucasian, Turkish, and Turkoman products."

Swastika Design

"Derived from the Sanscrit word Svasti, which means good pretence. It dates bck three or four thousand…

"Derived from the Sanscrit word Svasti, which means good pretence. It dates bck three or four thousand years B.C. and has been found in nearly all excavations of prehistoric times and among the relics of primitive people all over the world. It has been known alike to Ancient Greeks, Egyptians, Chinese, Japanese, East Indians, Aztecs, mound builders, and the North and South American Indians, with all of whom it has a similar meaning, viz., good luck and happiness. In Indian it is drawn below the seats intended for bridegrooms, below the plates containing food to be offered to gods and is tattooed on the arms. It is drawn on the scalp at the thread ceremony and on the dorsum of the feet on all auspicious ceremonies, such as mariages, etc. The usual figure consists of four arms with the cross at right angles and the arms pointing in the direction of motion of a clock's hand, although it has been given different forms, as shown by the accompanying illustrations. It is very commonly used as a rug design, especially in the Chinese, Caucasian, Turkish, and Turkoman products."

Swastika Design

"Derived from the Sanscrit word Svasti, which means good pretence. It dates bck three or four thousand…

"The favorite order was the richly-decorated Corinthian, the beauty of which the Romans strove to increase by adding to it a fulness and strength such as the Greeks never succeeded in attaining." —D'Anvers, 1895

Roman-Corinthian Capital

"The favorite order was the richly-decorated Corinthian, the beauty of which the Romans strove to increase…

"The Composite or Roman order was the outcome of the attempt to improve the Corinthian, of which it was in fact a somewhat free version." —D'Anvers, 1895

Composite capital

"The Composite or Roman order was the outcome of the attempt to improve the Corinthian, of which it…

"The finest monument of this time is the Pantheon of Rome, first built about B.C. 27, which is one of the grandest buildings of the ancient world. Whether it was erected as a Temple or as a Hall attached to the Thermae of Agrippa is a moot point. It is even now in a sufficient good state of preservation for us to be able to judge of what it was." —D'Anvers, 1895

Pantheon

"The finest monument of this time is the Pantheon of Rome, first built about B.C. 27, which is one of…

"Interior of the Basilica of San Paolo, Rome." —D'Anvers, 1895

Basilica of San Paolo

"Interior of the Basilica of San Paolo, Rome." —D'Anvers, 1895

"The Gonzaga Cameo. Ptolemy I. and Eurydice. Roman. In the St. Petersburg Museum." —D'Anvers, 1895

Gonzaga Cameo

"The Gonzaga Cameo. Ptolemy I. and Eurydice. Roman. In the St. Petersburg Museum." —D'Anvers,…

A distinguished and ambitious Roman military leader, provincial administrator and politician of the 1st century BC, the period of the Late Republic. Hailing from an Italian provincial background, Pompey first distinguished himself as a talented military leader during the dictatorship of Lucius Cornelius Sulla.

Pompey the Great

A distinguished and ambitious Roman military leader, provincial administrator and politician of the…

Roman emperor, born in Arca, in 205; slain in 235 A. D. He was of Syrian parentage and originally named Alexius Bassianus, but was adopted by Emperor Heliogabalus and assumed the name by which he is known in history.

Alexander Severus

Roman emperor, born in Arca, in 205; slain in 235 A. D. He was of Syrian parentage and originally named…

Roman dictator, born in 138; died in 78 B.C. His father was a poor nobleman, but he had the advantages of a good education, and later a fortune was left to him by a relative, thus facilitating his promotion to rank and office.

Lucius Sulla

Roman dictator, born in 138; died in 78 B.C. His father was a poor nobleman, but he had the advantages…

The second of the so-called "Five Good Emperors" of the Roman Empire. Under his rule, the Empire reached its greatest territorial extent.

Marcus Trajan

The second of the so-called "Five Good Emperors" of the Roman Empire. Under his rule, the Empire reached…

A famous Roman poet, born near Mantua, in northern Italy, Oct. 15, 70; died in Brundusium, Sept. 22, in the year 19 B.C.

Virgil

A famous Roman poet, born near Mantua, in northern Italy, Oct. 15, 70; died in Brundusium, Sept. 22,…

Decorations placed on the helmets of the Roman soldiers.

Bronze Helmet Ornament

Decorations placed on the helmets of the Roman soldiers.

A cockoo bird perched on a branch.

Cuckoo

A cockoo bird perched on a branch.

In the Roman Republic, and later the Empire, the curule seat was the chair upon which senior magistrates were entitled to sit, including dictators, masters of the horse, consuls, praetors, censors, and the curule aediles. he curule chair was traditionally made of or veneered with ivory, with curved legs forming a wide X; it had no back, and low arms. The chair could be folded, and thus an easily transportable seat, originally for magisterial and promagisterial commanders in the field, developed a hieratic significance, expressed in fictive curule seats on funerary monuments, a symbol of power which was never entirely lost in post-Roman European tradition. Sixth-century consular ivory diptychs of Orestes and of Constantinus each depict the consul seated on an elaborate curule seat with crossed animal legs.

Curule Chair

In the Roman Republic, and later the Empire, the curule seat was the chair upon which senior magistrates…

This diagram shows some stages in the life history of the tapeworm. A, Cysticercus or Bladderworm stage, before the "head" protrudes from the bladder; B, same, later stage; C, Strobila, or chain of proglottides, many being omitted; D, embryo such as fill the uterus of the mature proglottides. It is protected by a shell. b, bladder; ex., excretory canals; g, genital pore; h, head or scolex provided with hooks and suckers (s); u, uterus in a mature posterior proglottis; z, one of budding or segment formation. The numerals show the approximate number of segments, reckoning from the front.

Tapeworm

This diagram shows some stages in the life history of the tapeworm. A, Cysticercus or Bladderworm stage,…

The Roman divinity of the fruit of trees. She was beloved by several of the rustic divinities, as Sylvanus, Picus, and Vertumnus.

Pomona

The Roman divinity of the fruit of trees. She was beloved by several of the rustic divinities, as Sylvanus,…

A Roman general; born in 106 B.C. He distinguished himself against the enemies of the Roman senate, both within the state and without, and at last fell in the struggle against Caesar for absolute power.

Pompey the Great

A Roman general; born in 106 B.C. He distinguished himself against the enemies of the Roman senate,…

A roman patriot; born about 1310. He was of obscure birth; but having received an excellent education, which he improved by a strong will and vigorous understanding, he was sent by his fellow citizens to Clement VI., at Avignon, in order to prevail on that pontiff to return to Rome.

Nicola Rienzi

A roman patriot; born about 1310. He was of obscure birth; but having received an excellent education,…

This illustration shows a famous Roman statue in front of some Roman architecture.

Rome Personified

This illustration shows a famous Roman statue in front of some Roman architecture.

A key used by the ancient Romans for a dwelling or a chest.

Roman Key

A key used by the ancient Romans for a dwelling or a chest.

Armor used by the ancient Romans in battle.

Roman Armor

Armor used by the ancient Romans in battle.

A lamp used by the ancient Romans for light.

Roman Lamp

A lamp used by the ancient Romans for light.

The frame-work of Corinthian style of the Temple of Jupiter at Rome.

Corinthian Frame

The frame-work of Corinthian style of the Temple of Jupiter at Rome.

An illustration of a Roman galley from the Roman empire.

Roman Galley

An illustration of a Roman galley from the Roman empire.

A small cubed marked on its faces with spots numbering from one to six, used in gaming from being thrown from a box or hand.

Roman Die

A small cubed marked on its faces with spots numbering from one to six, used in gaming from being thrown…

(1500-1558) Charles V was the Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain.

Charles V

(1500-1558) Charles V was the Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain.

(1500-1558) Charles V was the Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain.

Charles V

(1500-1558) Charles V was the Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain.

Roman Standards from the Arch of Constantine.

Roman Standards

Roman Standards from the Arch of Constantine.

"A style of classical ornament, so called, in the 13th century from its having been rediscovered in the excavations made in the baths of Titus and other ancient Roman buildings, the Italian word grotto applying to any subterranean chamber. This light, fantastic style was much in favor during the Renaissance. It abounds in all kinds of transformations, from the animal to the vegetable, and mingles all the natural kingdoms in the most fanciful and picturesque confusion." — Chambers, 1881

Grotesque

"A style of classical ornament, so called, in the 13th century from its having been rediscovered in…

The gate at Herculaneum. Herculaneum was an ancient Roman town famous for being preserved along with Pompeii.

Gate at Herculaneum

The gate at Herculaneum. Herculaneum was an ancient Roman town famous for being preserved along with…

"The name of a Roman goddess, identified by the later Graecising Romans with the Greek Athene, whom she greatly resembled, though, like all old Latin divinities, there was nothing anthropomorphic in what was told concerning her." — Chambers, 1881

Minerva

"The name of a Roman goddess, identified by the later Graecising Romans with the Greek Athene, whom…

"The so-called Republican, the earliest coinage, began at an early period of Roman history, and subsisted till about 80 B.C. Its standard metal was copper or bronze, an alloy of copper." — Chambers, 1881

Roman Coin

"The so-called Republican, the earliest coinage, began at an early period of Roman history, and subsisted…

"The Romans, an essentially practical nation, largely improved on the plough, adding to it the coulter and mould-board, and occasionally attaching wheels to the beam to prevent the share from going too deep into the earth." — Chambers, 1881

Plough

"The Romans, an essentially practical nation, largely improved on the plough, adding to it the coulter…

"The Roman soldiers seem to have used two sorts of tents, one, a tent proper, of canvas or some analogous material, and constructed with two solid upright poles, and a roof piece between them; the other more resembling a light hut, of a wooden skeleton, covered by bark, hides, mud, straw, or any material which afforded warmth." — Chambers, 1881

Roman Tent

"The Roman soldiers seem to have used two sorts of tents, one, a tent proper, of canvas or some analogous…

A Roman banner depicting a Gryphon.

Roman Banner

A Roman banner depicting a Gryphon.

A Roman Corinthian Column.

Corinthian Column

A Roman Corinthian Column.

A Roman Corinthian Column.

Corinthian Column

A Roman Corinthian Column.

"The baths of Titus, the name of each part of the building is inscribed on it. The small dome inscribed laconicum directly over the furnace, and having the clypeus over it, will be observed in the corner of the chamber named concamerata sudatio. The vessels for water are inscribed, according to their temperature, with the same names as some of the chambers, frigidarium, tepisdarium, and calidarium." — Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

Roman Baths

"The baths of Titus, the name of each part of the building is inscribed on it. The small dome inscribed…

"Section of the Bath discovered at Tusculum, showing the calidarium (hot room)." — Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

Tusculum Bath

"Section of the Bath discovered at Tusculum, showing the calidarium (hot room)." — Encyclopedia…

"Section of the Baths of Pompeii." — Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

Pompeii Baths

"Section of the Baths of Pompeii." — Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

"The old bridge of Brioude across the Allier in France. Montfaucon and Seguin speak of this as a Roman work, but Gauthey gives the date 1454 for its construction, and names Grenier and Estone as builders without giving his authority." — Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

Brioude Bridge

"The old bridge of Brioude across the Allier in France. Montfaucon and Seguin speak of this as a Roman…

"The click barrel-ratchet R is set upon another larger ratchet-wheel, with its teeth pointing the opposite way, and its click rT is set in the clock-frame. That ratchet is connected with the great wheel by a spring ss' pressing against the two pins s in the ratchet and s' in the wheel. When you wind up the weight, the click Tr prevents the ratchet from turning back or to the right; and as the spring ss' is kept by the weight in a state of tension equivalent to the weight itself it will drive the wheel to the left for a short distance, when its end s is held fast, with the same force as if that end was pulled forward by the weight; and as the great wheel has to move very little during the short time the clock is winding, the spring will keep the clock going long enough." — Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

Harrison's Going-Ratchet

"The click barrel-ratchet R is set upon another larger ratchet-wheel, with its teeth pointing the opposite…

"A front view of a common English house clock with the face taken off, showing the repeating or rack striking movement. Here, M is the hourwheel on the pipeof which the minute-hand is set, N the reversed hour-wheel, and n its pinion, driving the 12-hour wheel H, on whose socket is ficed what is called the snail Y, which belongs to the striking work exclusively. The hammer is raised by the eight pins in the rim of the second wheel in the striking train, in the manner which is obvious." — Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

English House Clock

"A front view of a common English house clock with the face taken off, showing the repeating or rack…

"E represents the scape-wheel turning in a minute, and e its pinion, which is driven by the wheel D having a pinion d driven by the wheel C, which we may suppose to turn in an hour. The arbors of the scape-wheel and hour-wheel are distinct, their pivots-meeting in a bush fixed somewhere between the wheels. The pivots of the wheel, D are set in the frame AP, which rides on the arbors of the hour-wheel and scape-wheel, or on another short arbor between them. The hour-wheel also drives another wheel G, which again drives the pinion f on the arbor which carries the two arms f A, f B; and on the same arbor is set a fly with a ratchet, like a common striking fly, and the numbers of the teeth are so arranged that the fly will turn once for each turn of the scapewheel. The ends of the remontoire arms f A, f B are capable of alternately passing the notches cut half through the arbor of the scape-wheel, as those notches successively come into the proper position at the end of every half minute; as soon as that happens the-hour-wheel raises the movable wheel D and its frame through a small angle; but nevertheless, that wheel keeps pressing on the scape-wheel as if it were not moving, the point of contact of the wheel C and the pinion d being the fulcrum or center of motion of the level A d P." — Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

Gravity Train Remontoire

"E represents the scape-wheel turning in a minute, and e its pinion, which is driven by the wheel D…

"The front view of a large quarter clock of Sir E. Beckett's design, with all the wheels on the great horizontal bed, a gravity escapemen, and a compensated pendulum. They are made in two sizes, one wih a great striking wheels 18 inches wide, and the other 14. The striking is done by cams cast on the great wheels, about 1.125 inch broad in the large-sized clocks, which are strong enough for an hour bell of thirty cwt., and corresponding quarters. Wire ropes are used, not only because they last longer, if kept greased, but because a sufficient number of coils will go on a barrel of less than half the length that would be required for hemp ropes of the same strength, without overlapping, which it is as well to avoid, if possible, though it is not so injurious to wire ropes as it is to hemp ones. by this means also the striking cams can be put on the great wheel, instead of the second wheel, which saves more in friction than could be imagined by any one who had not tried both. In clocks of the common construction two-thirds of the power is often wasted in friction and in the bad arrangement of the hammer work, and the clock is wearing itself out in doing nothing." — Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

Quarter Clock

"The front view of a large quarter clock of Sir E. Beckett's design, with all the wheels on the great…