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"When the insect is at rest, the first two rings of its body taper in such a way as to resemble the snout of a pig."

Larva of Deilephila (Chaerocampa) Nerii

"When the insect is at rest, the first two rings of its body taper in such a way as to resemble the…

"The cocoon, which contains a chrysalis of a hazel brown."

Pupa of Deilephila (Chaerocampa) Nerii

"The cocoon, which contains a chrysalis of a hazel brown."

The pupa of the Elephant Hawk Moth.

Pupa of Deilephila (Chaerocampa) Elpenor

The pupa of the Elephant Hawk Moth.

"Of all the caterpillars of the genus <em>Sphinx</em>, this is the one which, by its attitude when in a state of repose, most resembles the sphinx of fable."

Larva of Privet Hawk Moth (Sphinx Ligustri)

"Of all the caterpillars of the genus Sphinx, this is the one which, by its attitude when in…

"Three of four days before it buries itself in the earth to change itself into a chrysalis, its colors grow dim."

Pupa of Privet Hawk Moth (Sphinx Ligustri)

"Three of four days before it buries itself in the earth to change itself into a chrysalis, its colors…

A pair of hands rolling clay into a cylindrical shape.

hands molding clay

A pair of hands rolling clay into a cylindrical shape.

"From July to September the Convolvulus Sphinx is common. The caterpillar of this species, which presents a great number of varieties, lives on many kinds of <em>Convolvuli</em>."

Convolvulus Sphinx (Sphinx Convoluli)

"From July to September the Convolvulus Sphinx is common. The caterpillar of this species, which presents…

The Death's Head Hawk Moth will bury itself in the earth to change into a chrysalis of a bright chestnut brown.

Chrysalis of Death's Head Hawk Moth

The Death's Head Hawk Moth will bury itself in the earth to change into a chrysalis of a bright chestnut…

"The larva is found on the lime and the elm. It buries itself at the foot of the tree on which it has fed to change into a Chrysalis, without making a cocoon."

Larva of the Lime Hawk Moth (Smerinthus Tiliae)

"The larva is found on the lime and the elm. It buries itself at the foot of the tree on which it has…

"The Poplar Hawk Moth lives on the poplar, the aspen, and sometimes on the willow and birch."

Larva of the Poplar Hawk Moth (Smerinthus Populi)

"The Poplar Hawk Moth lives on the poplar, the aspen, and sometimes on the willow and birch."

"At the fifth [age], the worm has very nearly reached the end of its career in the caterpillar state, and now is the time of its greatest voracity."

Silkworm, Fifth Age

"At the fifth [age], the worm has very nearly reached the end of its career in the caterpillar state,…

Females will take approximately three days to lay their eggs. When completed, they will have laid between 300 and 700 eggs in total.

Silkworm Moth, Female (Bombyx Mori)

Females will take approximately three days to lay their eggs. When completed, they will have laid between…

"In order to get them to leave their old food and feed upon the bright and newer leaves, a net is spread over them, on which is laid the supply of tender leaves. The worms at once leave the old food, crawl through the meshes of the net, and all begin feeding on the new leaves."

Silkworm, Lozenge Shaped Net

"In order to get them to leave their old food and feed upon the bright and newer leaves, a net is spread…

"In order to get them to leave their old food and feed upon the bright and newer leaves, a net is spread over them, on which is laid the supply of tender leaves. The worms at once leave the old food, crawl through the meshes of the net, and all begin feeding on the new leaves."

Silkworm, Square Net

"In order to get them to leave their old food and feed upon the bright and newer leaves, a net is spread…

The best silkworm cocoons "are drawn in toward the middle, or have a concavity on either side. There are white and yellow cocoons, the produce of different species of worms."

Cocoon of Bombyx Mori Drawn in Toward the Middle

The best silkworm cocoons "are drawn in toward the middle, or have a concavity on either side. There…

The various stages of the Silkworm's life presented in a single diagram.

Larva, Pupa, Cocoon and Moth of Silkworm (Bombyx Mori)

The various stages of the Silkworm's life presented in a single diagram.

"The silk of the <em>Yama-Mai</em> is as bright as that of the mulberry silkworm, but a little less fine and strong." The caterpillar is quite larger than other caterpillars.

Larva of Attacus (Bombyx) Yama-Mai

"The silk of the Yama-Mai is as bright as that of the mulberry silkworm, but a little less…

"The silk of the <em>Yama-Mai</em> is as bright as that of the mulberry silkworm, but a little less fine and strong." The caterpillar is quite larger than other caterpillars.

Cocoon of Attacus (Bombyx) Yama-Mai

"The silk of the Yama-Mai is as bright as that of the mulberry silkworm, but a little less…

"The Lackey derives its name from the color of the caterpillar, which has longitudinal lines of various colors and a blue head."

The Lackey (Bombyx Neustria)

"The Lackey derives its name from the color of the caterpillar, which has longitudinal lines of various…

Also called the Hop-Dog. "It attacks every kind of tree. In 1828 they laid waste a tract of woods three thousand acres in extent."

Orgyia Pudibunda

Also called the Hop-Dog. "It attacks every kind of tree. In 1828 they laid waste a tract of woods three…

"The <em>Orgyias</em> comprise a great number of small species, of a dark color, which do a great deal of damage to our forest trees."

Vapourer Moth (Orgyia Antiqua)

"The Orgyias comprise a great number of small species, of a dark color, which do a great deal…

"The Brown Tailed Moth is also very destructive to trees. The caterpillars live in quantities on the apple, pear and elm trees."

Liparis Chrysorrhoea

"The Brown Tailed Moth is also very destructive to trees. The caterpillars live in quantities on the…

The caterpillar of the Puss Moth feeds on the poplars and willows.

Larva of Dicranura Vinula

The caterpillar of the Puss Moth feeds on the poplars and willows.

"The caterpillar of the [Lobster Moth] presents a strange appearance, though the moth has nothing remarkable about it."

Larva of Lobster Moth

"The caterpillar of the [Lobster Moth] presents a strange appearance, though the moth has nothing remarkable…

"The <em>Noctuina</em> are a group of Lepidoptera of middling size, generally found in woods, meadows and gardens, where their caterpillars have lived. They seldom fly till about sunset, or during the night."

Catocala Paranympha

"The Noctuina are a group of Lepidoptera of middling size, generally found in woods, meadows…

"The <em>Noctuina</em> are a group of Lepidoptera of middling size, generally found in woods, meadows and gardens, where their caterpillars have lived. They seldom fly till about sunset, or during the night."

Catocala Nupta

"The Noctuina are a group of Lepidoptera of middling size, generally found in woods, meadows…

"These creatures are found on many trees, but particularly n the oak, the foliage of which they often entirely devour. The burrow into the ground to change into chrysalides. These fly around on foggy evenings as late as November."

Winter Moth, Male (Hybernia Defoliaria)

"These creatures are found on many trees, but particularly n the oak, the foliage of which they often…

"These creatures are found on many trees, but particularly n the oak, the foliage of which they often entirely devour. The burrow into the ground to change into chrysalides."

Winter Moth, Female (Hybernia Defoliaria)

"These creatures are found on many trees, but particularly n the oak, the foliage of which they often…

"The <em>Pyralina</em> contains the smallest nocturnal Lepidoptera, and nearly all those tiny species which flutter around our lights in the evening."

Aedia Pusiella

"The Pyralina contains the smallest nocturnal Lepidoptera, and nearly all those tiny species…

"The <em>Pyralina</em> contains the smallest nocturnal Lepidoptera, and nearly all those tiny species which flutter around our lights in the evening."

Poedisca Autmnana

"The Pyralina contains the smallest nocturnal Lepidoptera, and nearly all those tiny species…

"The <em>Pyralina</em> contains the smallest nocturnal Lepidoptera, and nearly all those tiny species which flutter around our lights in the evening."

Tortrix Roborana

"The Pyralina contains the smallest nocturnal Lepidoptera, and nearly all those tiny species…

The sharp-nosed eel (Anguilla acutirostris) is a is also known as the European eel (Anguilla anguilla).

Sharp-Nosed Eel

The sharp-nosed eel (Anguilla acutirostris) is a is also known as the European eel (Anguilla anguilla).

The wentletrap is a small, white, spiraled gastropod mollusk.

Wentletrap

The wentletrap is a small, white, spiraled gastropod mollusk.

The common mayfly (Ephemera vulgata) named for its short life span.

Mayfly

The common mayfly (Ephemera vulgata) named for its short life span.

The termite, here showing the winged phase of its life and a termite mound.

Termite

The termite, here showing the winged phase of its life and a termite mound.

"The pores of sponges are of two kinds, the larger ones called 'oscula'" and the smaller distinguished as 'pores.' In the living state of the sponge, water is being constantly absorbed by the pores, while currents of water will be seen issuing from the oscula."

Sponge Attached to its Rocky Bed

"The pores of sponges are of two kinds, the larger ones called 'oscula'" and the smaller distinguished…

"These little creatures frequently have the appearance of small, rounded masses, like drops of water. They are naked, without any apparent organization."

Amoeba Princeps (Ehrenberg)

"These little creatures frequently have the appearance of small, rounded masses, like drops of water.…

"The Foraminifera are enclosed in minute calcareous shells, early invisible to the naked eye; they are found among the sands of the sea. The, in common with corals, are great agents in helping to form islands, which rise out of the bosom of the deep in the warm regions of the globe."

Calcarina Calcitrpoides (Lamarck)

"The Foraminifera are enclosed in minute calcareous shells, early invisible to the naked eye; they are…

"The Foraminifera are enclosed in minute calcareous shells, early invisible to the naked eye; they are found among the sands of the sea. The, in common with corals, are great agents in helping to form islands, which rise out of the bosom of the deep in the warm regions of the globe."

Fabularia Discolithus (Defrance)

"The Foraminifera are enclosed in minute calcareous shells, early invisible to the naked eye; they are…

"The Foraminifera are enclosed in minute calcareous shells, early invisible to the naked eye; they are found among the sands of the sea. The, in common with corals, are great agents in helping to form islands, which rise out of the bosom of the deep in the warm regions of the globe."

Alveolina Ovoidea (d'Orbigny)

"The Foraminifera are enclosed in minute calcareous shells, early invisible to the naked eye; they are…

"The shell advances beyond this simple type by a process of linear budding, the first cell being spherical, with an opening through which a second segment is formed, generally a little larger than the first. This new growth is followed by others developed in the same way, until the organism attains its maturity."

Dentalina Subarcuata

"The shell advances beyond this simple type by a process of linear budding, the first cell being spherical,…

One group will take the spherical form and produce a shell in the shape of the nautilus. In this case, all the convolutions are visible.

Operculina

One group will take the spherical form and produce a shell in the shape of the nautilus. In this case,…

One group will take the spherical form and produce a shell in the shape of the nautilus. In this case, the external convolutions conceal those previously formed.

Nummulina Perforta

One group will take the spherical form and produce a shell in the shape of the nautilus. In this case,…

One group will take the spherical form and produce a shell in the shape of the nautilus. In this case, the shell is spiral, with the chamber equilateral, with a larger and smaller side.

Cassidulina Laevigata

One group will take the spherical form and produce a shell in the shape of the nautilus. In this case,…

One group will take the spherical form and produce a shell in the shape of the nautilus. In this case, the new segments are arranged alternately on opposite sides of the central line.

Textularia Variabilis

One group will take the spherical form and produce a shell in the shape of the nautilus. In this case,…

One group will take the spherical form and produce a shell in the shape of the nautilus. Some are more or less oblong, each new segment being nearly equal to the entire length of the shell.

Spiroloculina Depressa

One group will take the spherical form and produce a shell in the shape of the nautilus. Some are more…

One group will take the spherical form and produce a shell in the shape of the nautilus. Some are more or less oblong, each new segment being nearly equal to the entire length of the shell.

Rotalia

One group will take the spherical form and produce a shell in the shape of the nautilus. Some are more…

The body is enclosed in a glassy shell composed of flint. The shell is perforated by numerous holes through which the pseudopodia are emitted, and it is usually of extreme beauty, being sculptured in various ways, and often adorned with spines.

Haliomma Hexacanthum

The body is enclosed in a glassy shell composed of flint. The shell is perforated by numerous holes…

"The singular phenomenon of spontaneous division may be witnessed by any one having patience to examine the creature long enough under the microscope, isolated from its innumerable companions. This process is represented here, A and B being the adult, C the same in course of separation, D after its completion."

Propagation of an Infusorian by Spontaneous Division

"The singular phenomenon of spontaneous division may be witnessed by any one having patience to examine…

In this image, (a) represents the parasites in the various stages of development, and (b), the larger animalcule on which they have established themselves.

Paramecium Aurelia and its Parasites

In this image, (a) represents the parasites in the various stages of development, and (b), the larger…

"The common Volvox is found in great abundance during the summer, and even in the depth of winter in lakes and ponds of fresh water."

Volvox Globular

"The common Volvox is found in great abundance during the summer, and even in the depth of winter in…

"The common Volvox is found in great abundance during the summer, and even in the depth of winter in lakes and ponds of fresh water."

Volvox Globular

"The common Volvox is found in great abundance during the summer, and even in the depth of winter in…

"The Monads are infusorial animalcules which make an early appearance in vegetable infusions. They have no skin; the substance of their bodies can shorten itself or draw itself out more or less; their organization is extremely simple."

Monas Lens

"The Monads are infusorial animalcules which make an early appearance in vegetable infusions. They have…

"This is the most common species of the <em>Euglenia</em>, and is among the most widely diffused of all the Infusioria. It is this animalcule which is often met with covering stagnant pools with a floating surface of green."

Euglena Viridis

"This is the most common species of the Euglenia, and is among the most widely diffused of…

"Paramecium Bursaria is the only species of Paramecium that forms symbiotic relationships with algae, and are often used in biology classrooms as examples of protozoans, and as examples of symbiosis."

Paramecium Bursaria (Pritchard)

"Paramecium Bursaria is the only species of Paramecium that forms symbiotic relationships with algae,…

Related to the Paramecians. These are remarkable for their size and voracity; they sometimes attain the length of a twelfth of an inch.

Kondylostoma Patens

Related to the Paramecians. These are remarkable for their size and voracity; they sometimes attain…

Xiphosoma Caninum or Corallus caninus is a non-venomous boa species found in the rainforests of South America.

Emerald Tree Boa

Xiphosoma Caninum or Corallus caninus is a non-venomous boa species found in the rainforests of South…

An illustration of a proposed apartment house in New York City. "As a people we set a high value on domestic life; we venerate the hearthstone: yet here we are herded in hotels and boarding-houses where privacy is all but unknown and home-making impossible..." -Holland, 1874

Proposed Apartment House

An illustration of a proposed apartment house in New York City. "As a people we set a high value on…

The four types of cecum. Type I is the infantile form which persists throughout life, in about 2 percent of cases. In Type II the conical cecum had become quadrate by the growing out of a saccule on either side of the anterior longitudinal band. The saccules are of equal side, and the appendix arises from between them instead of from the apex of a cone. This type is found in 3 percent of cases. Type III is the normal type of man. Here the two saccules, which in the second type were uniform, have grown at unequal rates, the right with greater rapidity than the left. This type occurs in about 90 percent of cases. Type IV is merely an exaggerated condition of the third; the right saccule is still larger, and at the same time the left saccule had been atrophied, so that the original apex of the cecum, with the appendix, is close to the ileocecal junction, and the anterior band courses inward to the same situation. This type is present in about 4 percent of cases.

Four Types of Cecum

The four types of cecum. Type I is the infantile form which persists throughout life, in about 2 percent…

An illustration of the St. Louis Life Insurance Company building.

St. Louis Life Insurance Company Building

An illustration of the St. Louis Life Insurance Company building.