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Also known as the fish, twin fish and Feraghan designs. Better known as the Herati. It originated in the old city of Herat. It consists of a rosette between two lancet-shaped leaves which very much resemble fish. On account of this resemblance it is often called the fish pattern. It has been utilized with many modifications in half of the rug-making sections of the Orient. It may be found in its original form in many of the Persian fabrics, especially the Herat, the Feraghan, the Khorasan, and the Senna. When in the body of the rug it is generally arranged as a diaper, covering all or a considerable portion of it. Sometimes it appears in combination with square or diamond-shaped figures. The Herati border is found in a great many of the Persian and in some of the Caucasian fabrics.

Herati Design

Also known as the fish, twin fish and Feraghan designs. Better known as the Herati. It originated in…

Sometimes called the tree of life. Always associated with religious belief. It symbolizes Divine power and perpetual life. It has furnished more different art motives than any other object and is almost omnipresent in Persian prayer rugs. The palm signifies a blessing or benediction, the weeping willow stands for death, and the cypress, while being an emblem of mourning, in its perennial freshness and the durability of its wood, is also a very practical symbol of the life to come. It is an Oriental custom to plant cypress trees on the graves of the dead, to place its twigs in the coffins of the dead, and to use its branches to indicate the houses of mourning. In India the cocoanut palm is considered "the tree of desire" or one that fulfils all desires. Its stem serves as a pillar or beam, as a water conduit and as fuel; its leaves supply mats for roofing the houses; its kernel supplies oil; its shell makes water bowls, and the oil of the shell is used as an external application in certain skin affections, etc. It is all useful and supplies all the primitive wants and therefore was much cultivated by the Rishis (Saints) of old, who called it "kalpa taru," literally the tree that supplies all desires. Its presence therefore is auspicious.

Tree Design

Sometimes called the tree of life. Always associated with religious belief. It symbolizes Divine power…

Sometimes called the tree of life. Always associated with religious belief. It symbolizes Divine power and perpetual life. It has furnished more different art motives than any other object and is almost omnipresent in Persian prayer rugs. The palm signifies a blessing or benediction, the weeping willow stands for death, and the cypress, while being an emblem of mourning, in its perennial freshness and the durability of its wood, is also a very practical symbol of the life to come. It is an Oriental custom to plant cypress trees on the graves of the dead, to place its twigs in the coffins of the dead, and to use its branches to indicate the houses of mourning. In India the cocoanut palm is considered "the tree of desire" or one that fulfils all desires. Its stem serves as a pillar or beam, as a water conduit and as fuel; its leaves supply mats for roofing the houses; its kernel supplies oil; its shell makes water bowls, and the oil of the shell is used as an external application in certain skin affections, etc. It is all useful and supplies all the primitive wants and therefore was much cultivated by the Rishis (Saints) of old, who called it "kalpa taru," literally the tree that supplies all desires. Its presence therefore is auspicious.

Tree Design

Sometimes called the tree of life. Always associated with religious belief. It symbolizes Divine power…

Sometimes called the tree of life. Always associated with religious belief. It symbolizes Divine power and perpetual life. It has furnished more different art motives than any other object and is almost omnipresent in Persian prayer rugs. The palm signifies a blessing or benediction, the weeping willow stands for death, and the cypress, while being an emblem of mourning, in its perennial freshness and the durability of its wood, is also a very practical symbol of the life to come. It is an Oriental custom to plant cypress trees on the graves of the dead, to place its twigs in the coffins of the dead, and to use its branches to indicate the houses of mourning. In India the cocoanut palm is considered "the tree of desire" or one that fulfils all desires. Its stem serves as a pillar or beam, as a water conduit and as fuel; its leaves supply mats for roofing the houses; its kernel supplies oil; its shell makes water bowls, and the oil of the shell is used as an external application in certain skin affections, etc. It is all useful and supplies all the primitive wants and therefore was much cultivated by the Rishis (Saints) of old, who called it "kalpa taru," literally the tree that supplies all desires. Its presence therefore is auspicious.

Tree Design

Sometimes called the tree of life. Always associated with religious belief. It symbolizes Divine power…

Sometimes called the tree of life. Always associated with religious belief. It symbolizes Divine power and perpetual life. It has furnished more different art motives than any other object and is almost omnipresent in Persian prayer rugs. The palm signifies a blessing or benediction, the weeping willow stands for death, and the cypress, while being an emblem of mourning, in its perennial freshness and the durability of its wood, is also a very practical symbol of the life to come. It is an Oriental custom to plant cypress trees on the graves of the dead, to place its twigs in the coffins of the dead, and to use its branches to indicate the houses of mourning. In India the cocoanut palm is considered "the tree of desire" or one that fulfils all desires. Its stem serves as a pillar or beam, as a water conduit and as fuel; its leaves supply mats for roofing the houses; its kernel supplies oil; its shell makes water bowls, and the oil of the shell is used as an external application in certain skin affections, etc. It is all useful and supplies all the primitive wants and therefore was much cultivated by the Rishis (Saints) of old, who called it "kalpa taru," literally the tree that supplies all desires. Its presence therefore is auspicious.

Tree Design

Sometimes called the tree of life. Always associated with religious belief. It symbolizes Divine power…

A genus of evergreen trees and shrubs found in the warmer regions of temperate climates. They attain the height of from fifteen to thirty feet. The leaves are lanceolate or oblong, have a smooth surface above but horny beneath, and are bluish or dusky-green in color.

Olive

A genus of evergreen trees and shrubs found in the warmer regions of temperate climates. They attain…

An edible bulb, produced by a biennial herb of the lily family. The plant has tubulated leaves, a pithy stalk bearing the seed, and the bulb has a strong odor and taste due to an acrid volatile oil that is destroyed by boiling.

Onion

An edible bulb, produced by a biennial herb of the lily family. The plant has tubulated leaves, a pithy…

A tree of the nettle family, so named from the Osage Mountains of Arkansas, where it is native, but it is also found in other regions of North America. The leaves are flossy and alternate, and it bears a fruit somewhat resembling an orange in size and color, but it is not edible.

Osage Orange

A tree of the nettle family, so named from the Osage Mountains of Arkansas, where it is native, but…

A tree native to tropical America, allied to the passion flower family, and now extensively cultivated in tropical countries. It has a remarkably tapering sem crowned by a tuft of leaves on long footstalks, with the flowers below, and grows to a height of from fifteen to twenty feet.

Papaw

A tree native to tropical America, allied to the passion flower family, and now extensively cultivated…

A genus of rushlike plants of the sedge family, growing in marshy places from root-stalks. The stem grows to a height of from six to fifteen feet. It is naked, except near the root, and at the top is a bunch of leaves formed much like an umbrella. The flowers occur on scaly spikelets and are surrounded by long bracts, and the seeds are three-cornered.

Papyrus

A genus of rushlike plants of the sedge family, growing in marshy places from root-stalks. The stem…

"Many columns have capitals representing palm leaves." —D'Anvers, 1895

Capital of a column

"Many columns have capitals representing palm leaves." —D'Anvers, 1895

A genus of plants of the nightshade family, which are native to the warmer parts of America. The leaves are entire, and somewhat resemble those of tobacco, especially in having a sticky surface and in emitting a disagreeable odor when crushed. The plants are perennial herbs, and the flowers are either single or double. They are cultivated extensively in gardens and in greenhouses, where they are grown chiefly as annual plants, since they bloom early.

Petunia

A genus of plants of the nightshade family, which are native to the warmer parts of America. The leaves…

A genus of plants with opposite leaves and beautiful flowers. There are many different species, mostly herbaceous, but some are shrubby plants, most of which are perennial. The flowers appear in clusters at the upper end of a stalk, and are white, blue, purple, lilac, or crimson.

Phlox

A genus of plants with opposite leaves and beautiful flowers. There are many different species, mostly…

A group of plants remarkable for having leaves or petioles formed like pitchers, and in which more or less fluid is stored. There are two general divisions, known as the American and East Indian pitcher plant families.

Pitcher Plants

A group of plants remarkable for having leaves or petioles formed like pitchers, and in which more or…

An extensive genus of shrubs of the heath family. The leaves are usually alternate and evergreen in some species, and the flowers are in clusters and often variously colored.

Rhododendeon

An extensive genus of shrubs of the heath family. The leaves are usually alternate and evergreen in…

The common name of plants of the genus rosa. They have prickly stems and unequally pinnate leaves. About fifty species in a wild state have been described, most of which are confined to the north temperate zone.

Rose

The common name of plants of the genus rosa. They have prickly stems and unequally pinnate leaves. About…

An evergreen shrub of the mint family, which is native to southern Europe and western Asia. It is from three to eight feet high, has narrow, opposite leaves, and pale-blue flowers.

Rosemary

An evergreen shrub of the mint family, which is native to southern Europe and western Asia. It is from…

An extensive genus of hardy perennial herbs, with alternate leaves and simple flower-stems. They are distinguished by a many-seeded capsule, have leaves six to seven inches long, and the stalks are one to two feet high.

Saxifrage

An extensive genus of hardy perennial herbs, with alternate leaves and simple flower-stems. They are…

A genus of plants of the aster family, which have large, cordate leaves and terminal, flat, circular, heads of flowers. They are herbaceous plants.

Sunflower

A genus of plants of the aster family, which have large, cordate leaves and terminal, flat, circular,…

A genus of birds of the warbler family, and so named from their habit of sewing leaves of cotton or other substances to form a receptacle for the nest.

Tailorbird

A genus of birds of the warbler family, and so named from their habit of sewing leaves of cotton or…

A genus of plants of the lily family, having woody stems, lanceolate leaves, and a large panicle of showy, whitish, bell-shaped, drooping flowers.

Yucca

A genus of plants of the lily family, having woody stems, lanceolate leaves, and a large panicle of…

This illustration shows oxygen escaping leaves when they are placed in water and then in sunlight.

Oxygen Release

This illustration shows oxygen escaping leaves when they are placed in water and then in sunlight.

This illustration shows the longitudinal section of the tip of a growing stem: e, epidermis extending over surface of the entire tip; a, formative region; b, upper portion of the zone of elongation; c, cortex; x, cells of the central region that by further growth form the vascular bundles; l, first appearance of the leaves.

Growing Stem

This illustration shows the longitudinal section of the tip of a growing stem: e, epidermis extending…

This illustration shows the shortened types of stems: A, corm of jack-in-the-pulpit. At left surface view showing lateral buds, roots and sheathing leaf arising from top of shortened stem. At right sectional view with folded leaf, l, in bud at apex stem. B, bulb type of shortened stems. At left bulb of onion showing the ensheathing leaves which are swollen at their bases with food, thus forming the bulb. At right, section of a bulb of hyacinth showing the fleshy leaves attached to the very short stem and in the center of the bulb a flower cluster.

Onion

This illustration shows the shortened types of stems: A, corm of jack-in-the-pulpit. At left surface…

This illustration shows some common examples of Pinales: 5, Thuja or arbor vitae. 6, Strobilus, of Chamaecyparis or southern white cedar. 7, strobilus of Juniperus or red cedar with fleshy scales fused into a berry-like fruit. 8, branch of Taxus or yew. The seeds are produced singly in the axils of leaves on short lateral branches and nearly enveloped by a thick fleshy cup that becomes bright red. 9. Picea or spruce.

Pinales

This illustration shows some common examples of Pinales: 5, Thuja or arbor vitae. 6, Strobilus, of Chamaecyparis…

A small genus of plants. They are small trees or shrubs with compound leaves and dense racemes of small white flowers. The bark is used for tanning.

Cunonia

A small genus of plants. They are small trees or shrubs with compound leaves and dense racemes of small…

A tall slim tree with thich coarse leaves. Gets thinner the taller it grows.

Palm Tree

A tall slim tree with thich coarse leaves. Gets thinner the taller it grows.

In architecture, a piercing or panel divided by cusps or foliations into four leaves, or more correctly the leaf shaped figure formed by the cusps. It is supposed to represent the four leaves of a cruciform plant.

Quatrefoil

In architecture, a piercing or panel divided by cusps or foliations into four leaves, or more correctly…

A caterpillar that feeds mostly on the cottonwood leaves.

Smeared Dagger

A caterpillar that feeds mostly on the cottonwood leaves.

A remarkable genus of American pitcher plants. The leaves are trumpet shaped up to length of 3 feet.

Darlingtonia

A remarkable genus of American pitcher plants. The leaves are trumpet shaped up to length of 3 feet.

A genus of plants, with angular toothed leaves, large funnel shaped flowers, and a prickly, globular, 4 valved pods.

Thorn Apple

A genus of plants, with angular toothed leaves, large funnel shaped flowers, and a prickly, globular,…

A leaf divided into a number of compound divisions.

Decompound Leaf

A leaf divided into a number of compound divisions.

A well-known climbing shrub, which consists of climbing plants with woody stems, simple or compound leaves, small green flowers, and round berries.

Vine

A well-known climbing shrub, which consists of climbing plants with woody stems, simple or compound…

A complicated plant with trifoliate leaves, small flowers, and flat, deeply lobed and jointed pods.

Telegraph Plant

A complicated plant with trifoliate leaves, small flowers, and flat, deeply lobed and jointed pods.

A mised order, combining the volutes of the Ionic order with the leaves of the Corinthian order.

Composite Order

A mised order, combining the volutes of the Ionic order with the leaves of the Corinthian order.

Large plants having spread or secund leaves with strong costa.

Dicarnum

Large plants having spread or secund leaves with strong costa.

A plant with a rosette of root leaves, from which rises a naked scape bearing a corymb of rather large white flowers. The leaves are covered in fine irritable hair, and when touched by a fly or other insect the lobes of the leaf suddenly close on the insect and capture it

Venus Fly Trap

A plant with a rosette of root leaves, from which rises a naked scape bearing a corymb of rather large…

A plant whose leaves hold water.

Fuller's Teazel

A plant whose leaves hold water.

Leaves in two rows.

Distichous Leaves

Leaves in two rows.

A type of palm having repeatedly branched stem, each branch terminating in a tuft of large fan shaped leaves.

Door Palm

A type of palm having repeatedly branched stem, each branch terminating in a tuft of large fan shaped…

An insect resembling a plant leaf.

Leaf Bug

An insect resembling a plant leaf.

"A species of the genus Ilex, which contains about 175 species distributed throughout the world. They are ornamental shrubs with evergreen or deciduous and sometimes spiny leaves and black, red or yellow berries, which remain on the shrubs until the following spring." — Beach, 1909

Holly

"A species of the genus Ilex, which contains about 175 species distributed throughout the world. They…

"A genus of clover-like plants of the natural order Leguminosae, with ternate leaves, differing from the clovers in the generally elongated racemes o flowers, the stamens not adhering to the corolla, and the 1-3 seeded tumid pods. All species have a strong peculiar sweetish smell, which becomes more agreeable when they are dried, and is owing to the presence of Coumarin." — Chambers, 1881

Melilot

"A genus of clover-like plants of the natural order Leguminosae, with ternate leaves, differing from…

"A South American tree of the natural order Papayaceae of which order about 30 species are known which has now been introduced into many tropical and subtropical countries. It grows to the height of 15-30 feet, with leaves only at the top." — Chambers, 1881

Papaw Tree

"A South American tree of the natural order Papayaceae of which order about 30 species are known which…

"A genus of plants almost exclusively native to the warm parts of America, and belonging to the natural order Passifloaceae; an order of exogenous plants, of which more than 200 species are known, mostly climbers, having tendrils which spring from the axils of the leaves, herbaceous or half shrubby, natives of tropical and subtropical countries, but rare in Asia and Africa." — Chambers, 1881

Passionflower

"A genus of plants almost exclusively native to the warm parts of America, and belonging to the natural…

A plant with broad spreading leaves.

Plantain

A plant with broad spreading leaves.

The formation of new leaves.

Circinate Vernation

The formation of new leaves.

"Transverse section of a conduplicate leaf." — Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

Conduplicate Leaf

"Transverse section of a conduplicate leaf." — Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

"Transverse section of a plicate or plaited leaf." — Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

Plicate Leaf

"Transverse section of a plicate or plaited leaf." — Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

"Transverse section of a convolute leaf." — Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

Convolute Leaf

"Transverse section of a convolute leaf." — Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

"Transverse section of an involute leaf." — Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

Involute Leaf

"Transverse section of an involute leaf." — Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

"Transverse section of a revolute leaf." — Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

Revolute Leaf

"Transverse section of a revolute leaf." — Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

"Transverse section of a bud, in which the leaves are arranged in an accumbent manner." — Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

Bud

"Transverse section of a bud, in which the leaves are arranged in an accumbent manner." — Encyclopedia…

"Transverse section of a bud, in which the leaves are arranged in an equitant manner." — Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

Bud

"Transverse section of a bud, in which the leaves are arranged in an equitant manner." — Encyclopedia…

"Transverse section of a bud, showing two leaves folded in an obvolute manner. Each is conduplicate, and one embraces the edge of the other." — Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

Bud

"Transverse section of a bud, showing two leaves folded in an obvolute manner. Each is conduplicate,…

"Transverse section of a bud, showing two leaves arranged in a supervolute manner." — Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

Bud

"Transverse section of a bud, showing two leaves arranged in a supervolute manner." — Encyclopedia…

"Proliferous or monstrous Rose, showing the prolongation of the axis beyond the flower. C, calyx transformed into leaves; P. petals multiplied at the expense of the stamens, which are reduced in number; F, colored leaves representing abortive carpels; A, axis prolonged, bearing an imperfect flower at its apex." — Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

Rose

"Proliferous or monstrous Rose, showing the prolongation of the axis beyond the flower. C, calyx transformed…

A biennial herb native to Europe. Its leaves and flowers are poisonous to humans and some animals.

Purple Foxglove

A biennial herb native to Europe. Its leaves and flowers are poisonous to humans and some animals.

A common plant of the north temperate Europe. It has purple spotted leaves and can force people to have allergic reactions to it.

Cuckoo Pint

A common plant of the north temperate Europe. It has purple spotted leaves and can force people to have…

Pollen usually collects on flat surfaces and leaves a yellowish color.

Pollen

Pollen usually collects on flat surfaces and leaves a yellowish color.