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(1825-1895) British biologist that had many studies in medicine and marine life. He was a supporter of Darwinism and intrduced the term "agnostic" viewpoint.

Thomas H. Huxley

(1825-1895) British biologist that had many studies in medicine and marine life. He was a supporter…

Austria-Hungary, mercantile marine flag, 1910

Austria-Hungary, Mercantile Marine Flag

Austria-Hungary, mercantile marine flag, 1910

Loggerhead turtles can grow from six to nine hundred pounds. Listed as threatened under the U.S. Federal Endangered Species Act.

Loggerhead turtle

Loggerhead turtles can grow from six to nine hundred pounds. Listed as threatened under the U.S. Federal…

Leatherback turtles are listed as threatened under the U.S. Federal Endangered Species Act.

Leatherback turtle

Leatherback turtles are listed as threatened under the U.S. Federal Endangered Species Act.

The walrus is a large carnivorous marine mammal, usually from 10 to 12 feet long.

Walrus

The walrus is a large carnivorous marine mammal, usually from 10 to 12 feet long.

Shrimp are a marine crustacean largely used as food.

Shrimp

Shrimp are a marine crustacean largely used as food.

A marine worm at breeding season.

Marine Worm

A marine worm at breeding season.

A marine worm.

Marine Worm

A marine worm.

Chiton is a peculiar marine mollusk. It is low and flat, creeping like the limpets. But the shell consists of a series of eight pieces overlapping one another from the anterior to the posterior end.

Chiton

Chiton is a peculiar marine mollusk. It is low and flat, creeping like the limpets. But the shell consists…

In this simple sponge, water enters minute holes in the sides and passes out of the opening at the top of the tube.

Sponge

In this simple sponge, water enters minute holes in the sides and passes out of the opening at the top…

In this simple sponge, part of the outer wall is cut away to show the inside.

Sponge

In this simple sponge, part of the outer wall is cut away to show the inside.

A cross-section of a simple tubular sponge.

Sponge

A cross-section of a simple tubular sponge.

A diagram of a commercial sponge.

Sponge

A diagram of a commercial sponge.

A large marine swimming bird. The bill is straight and strong, the upper mandible hooked at the point and the lower one truncated; there are three webbed toes on each foot.

Albatross

A large marine swimming bird. The bill is straight and strong, the upper mandible hooked at the point…

Tubularia are members of the Protista kingdom. The pipe-coralline (Tubularia) is an example of another group of the hyroid zoophytes, almost all the members of which are marine.

Tubularia

Tubularia are members of the Protista kingdom. The pipe-coralline (Tubularia) is an example of another…

Sertularia are members of the Protista kingdom. It is an example of another group of the hyroid zoophytes, almost all the members of which are marine.

Sertularia

Sertularia are members of the Protista kingdom. It is an example of another group of the hyroid zoophytes,…

Sertularia are members of the Protista kingdom. It is an example of another group of the hyroid zoophytes, almost all the members of which are marine.

Sertularia

Sertularia are members of the Protista kingdom. It is an example of another group of the hyroid zoophytes,…

"General J. T. Sprague, born in Newburyport, Mass., July 3rd, 1810, died in New York city, September 6th, 1878. In 1834 he became second lieutenant in the Marine Corps, and served in the Florida War, being twice promoted for meritorious conduct, and brevetted captain on March 15th, 1842. He was given the full rank in 1846, and brevetted major, May 30th, 1848. He was made major of the First Infantry, May 14th, 1861, and when stationed with his regiment in Texas was taken prisoner by General Twiggs, but was released on parole, and became mustering and disbursing officer at Albany, N. Y. He retired from the army, July 15th, 1870." — Frank Leslie, 1896

J. T. Sprague

"General J. T. Sprague, born in Newburyport, Mass., July 3rd, 1810, died in New York city, September…

"Second naval battle in Hampton Roads- fight between the Federal ironclad <em>Monitor</em>, of two guns, and the Confederate iron-plated steamers <em>Merrimac, Yorktown</em>, and <em>Jamestown</em>, carrying twenty-four guns, March 9th, 1862. But the gloom that had begun to settle on the fort was greatly dispelled when, toward midnight, an iron marine monster, unlike anything that had ever before been seen on the ocean, made its appearance off the forts. It proved to be the Ericsson iron floating battery of two guns, just from new York. The state of affairs was hastily explained to her commander, and she steamed off to the rescue of the deserted <em>Minnesota</em>. When day dawned the Confederate flotilla, flushed with the success of the previous day, bored down on what was supposed to be an easy prey. the <em>Yorktown</em> and <em>Jamestown</em> drawing least water (The <em>Merrimac</em> evidently afraid of grounding) were ahead, when their course was suddenly stopped by the strange craft, which seemed to have dropped from the clouds. They thought to overcome her easily, and opened fire confidently; but a few of the heavy shot of the <em>Monitor</em>, which battered through and through their iron sides, drove them back in panic behind the gigantic <em>Merrimac</em>, against which the <em>Monitor</em> advanced in turn. And then commenced the most extraordinary naval contest known to history- the first battle between ironclad steamers every fought, and one in which all the appliances of modern skill were brought in conflict. The fight lasted for nearly five hours, when the <em>Yorktown</em> and <em>Jamestown</em> fled up the James River, and the <em>Merrimac</em>, disabled, and in a sinking condition, retreated into Norfolk. The <em>Minnesota</em>, having grounded, was then got off, and the <em>Mintor</em>, a proud proof of the designer's genius and skill, rode undisputed monarch of Hampton waters." — Frank Leslie, 1896

Second Naval Battle

"Second naval battle in Hampton Roads- fight between the Federal ironclad Monitor, of two guns,…

"View of the town of Paducah, Ky., at the confluence of the rivers Ohio and Tennessee, the Northern terminus of the Mobile and Ohio railroad. This flourishing city, the capital of McCracken County, is situated at the confluence of the Ohio and Tennessee Rivers, and is connected with Mobile by railroad. It had a fine range of warehouses fronting the river, contained five churches, two banks and two newspaper offices; it had also a marine hospital. Its position had given it many commercial advantages, which were fast operating to make it one of the most progressive cities of the West. When, however, the confederates took possession of the Columbus and Hickman, two important points in Kentucky on the Mississippi, it became necessary to hold them in check and to prevent their flanking the Federal stronghold of Cairo; and with his usual sagacity and promptitude, General Grant immediately occupied Paducah. This step, although an apparent invasion of the sacred soil of Kentucky, received the entire approval of that loyal and gallant Sate as expressed through her Legislature; and Paducah was of course retained while the necessity for its occupation existed. Paducah contained about 8,000 inhabitants, very few of whom were tainted with the secession treason. It is 47 miles east from Cairo, and 225 from Louisville. It is named after a famous Indian chief who formerly lived in its vicinity."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Paducah, Kentucky

"View of the town of Paducah, Ky., at the confluence of the rivers Ohio and Tennessee, the Northern…

"Rhode Island Regiments embarking at Providence for New York and Washington. Within five days after the President's call for troops the Rhode Island Marine Artillery, with 8 guns and 110 horses, commanded by Colonel Tompkins, passed through New York on their way to Washington, and the First Regiment of infantry, 1,200 strong, under Colonel Ambrose E. Burnside, was ready to move. It was composed of many of the wealthier citizens of the State, and accompanied by the patriotic Governor, who had, from his private purse, armed and equipped the regiment, as well as contributed to the general war fun. The little State, on May 18th, 1861, appropriated $500,000 for equipping volunteers."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Rhode Island Regiments

"Rhode Island Regiments embarking at Providence for New York and Washington. Within five days after…

Drawing its name from the widing of its bill towards the tip, the spoonbill frequents coastal and marshy areas, feeding on shellfish, marine animals, small snails, and fish.

Roseate Spoonbill

Drawing its name from the widing of its bill towards the tip, the spoonbill frequents coastal and marshy…

"Is eight to ten inches long, feeds on crustacea, small fish, and marine insects, is often caught with plaice or flounder, but is preferred to either at the table." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Common Dab

"Is eight to ten inches long, feeds on crustacea, small fish, and marine insects, is often caught with…

"A general name on the Pacific coast of the United States for marine shells of the family <em>Haliotid&aelig; </em>(which see), having an oval form with a very wide aperture, a narrow, flattened ledge or columella, and a subspiral row of perforations extending from the apex to the distal margin of the shell."&mdash;Wright, 1902

Abalone

"A general name on the Pacific coast of the United States for marine shells of the family Haliotidæ…

"The marine trumpet or Triton's shell, <em>Triton variegatus</em>, is elegantly variegated with red and bay, the edge of the outer lip spotted with black. It is a native of the Asiatic West Indian seas." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Marine trumpet-shell

"The marine trumpet or Triton's shell, Triton variegatus, is elegantly variegated with red…

"One of the Acalephae; a name given to a large number of marine animals; and redpresenyted chiefly by medusidae."-Whitney, 1902

Acaleph

"One of the Acalephae; a name given to a large number of marine animals; and redpresenyted chiefly by…

"This may be considered as one of the greatest wonders of nature, it being a real animal, having blood, and feeding upon other marine animals, yet having the form of a plant, and living like a plant, fixed to a rock in the deep sea." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Medusa's head pentacrinus

"This may be considered as one of the greatest wonders of nature, it being a real animal, having blood,…

"Turtle is, in zoology, the popular name for any species of the Cheloniid&aelig;. They may be distinguished by their long, compressed, fin-shaped, non-retractile feet, with the toes inclosed in a common skin, from which only one or two claws project. The carapace is broad and much depressed, so that when these animals are on shore, and are turned over on their backs, they cannot regain the natural position. Turtles are marine animals; their pinnate feet and light shell render them excellent swimmers. They sometimes live at a great distance from land, to which they periodically return to deposit their soft-shelled eggs in the sand."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Skeleton of Turtle

"Turtle is, in zoology, the popular name for any species of the Cheloniidæ. They may be distinguished…

"The walrus, also called the morse, seahorse, and sea cow, is now confined to the regions within the Arctic Circle, though its extinct ancestors had a much wider geographical range. It is a large carnivorous marine mammal, ordinarily from 10 to 12 feet long, with a girth of nearly as much; it is said that it sometimes attains a length of 20 feet; muzzle abruptly truncated, with long and remarkably strong, bristly, moustaches, small eyes; external ear wanting, though the orifice is distinctly visible; body large and sack-like, tapering toward the tail; hind limbs short, connected by a membrane which covers the tail, fore limbs strong and stumpy, all with five digits. The hide is of a tawny brown color, with difficulty penetrated by bullets, and has been likened to a tough flexible coat of mail. The upper canines are developed in adults of both sexes into immense tusks, each from 15 inches to two feet long and weighing 10 pounds and upward."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Walrus

"The walrus, also called the morse, seahorse, and sea cow, is now confined to the regions within the…

"Whelk is a popular name for a number of marine gasteropods, and especially applied to species of Buccinum common on the coasts of Northern seas. The well-known common whelk is often dredged for bait or as food for the poor. It occurs from low water to a depth of about 140 fathoms, and burrows in the sand for bivalves, on which it feeds."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Egg of Common Whelk

"Whelk is a popular name for a number of marine gasteropods, and especially applied to species of Buccinum…

"Hydrozoon is a name given to the great class of the sub-kingdom C&oelig;lenterata, of which hydra is the type. They exhibit a definite histological structure, their tissues having a cellular organization. These tissues are two, an outer or ectoderm, and an inner or endoderm. In most the prey is seized by tentacles surrounding the mouth and furnished with offensive weapons called thread cells, The hydrozoa are all aquatic, and nearly all marine. Their distribution is world-wide. [Pictured] Hydra fusca, with a young bud at b, and a more advanced bud at c."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Hydrozoon

"Hydrozoon is a name given to the great class of the sub-kingdom Cœlenterata, of which hydra is…

"Sole (Solea vulgaris) is a marine fish belonging to the flat fishes, of an oblong or oval form. These fish abound on all the coasts of Europe, except the most N. where the bottom is sandy. They furnish a whole-some and delicious article of food. The name is given in America to flounders, somewhat resembling the true sole in form. The sole is at its worst from February to the end of March, this being the spawning season."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Sole

"Sole (Solea vulgaris) is a marine fish belonging to the flat fishes, of an oblong or oval form. These…

American scientist and engineer

Alexander Agassiz

American scientist and engineer

A marine diving bird, allied to the auk, and having a short, thick beak like that of the parrot.

Puffin

A marine diving bird, allied to the auk, and having a short, thick beak like that of the parrot.

A class of suctorial worms found in bodies of water, marshes, and other moist places. There are many species, most of which inhabit fresh-water ponds, but they are also found in marine waters.

Leech

A class of suctorial worms found in bodies of water, marshes, and other moist places. There are many…

A large marine crustacean somewhat resembling a crawfish, but larger in form. The common lobster of America is a typical species. It is ten-footed, has a long tail, is stalk-eyed, and often attains a weight of ten pounds.

Lobster

A large marine crustacean somewhat resembling a crawfish, but larger in form. The common lobster of…

A class of marine animals, which have a star-like body composed of a central disc extended into five or more rays. They belong to the radiates, a class of animals having a central focus with raylike projections.

Starfish

A class of marine animals, which have a star-like body composed of a central disc extended into five…

A genus of marine fishes of the diodon family. They are so called from the compressed form of the body, and because of their habit of coming to the surface when the sun shines.

Sunfish

A genus of marine fishes of the diodon family. They are so called from the compressed form of the body,…

Cuttlefish are animals of the order Sepiida, and are marine cephalopods, small relatives of squid and nautilus.

Cuttle-fish

Cuttlefish are animals of the order Sepiida, and are marine cephalopods, small relatives of squid and…

This illustration shows an isopoda. These are one of the most diverse orders of Crustaceans, with many species living in all environments, and are common in shallow marine waters.

Isopods

This illustration shows an isopoda. These are one of the most diverse orders of Crustaceans, with many…

Amphipoda include over 7000 described species of small, shrimp-like crustaceans. Most amphipods are marine, although a few live in freshwater or are terrestrial.

Amphipod

Amphipoda include over 7000 described species of small, shrimp-like crustaceans. Most amphipods are…

Isopods are one of the most diverse orders of Crustaceans, with many species living in all environments, and are common in shallow marine waters.

Isopod

Isopods are one of the most diverse orders of Crustaceans, with many species living in all environments,…

A marine creature of the class Cephalopoda. They are found only in the western Pacific, inhabiting waters around coral reefs.

Nautilus

A marine creature of the class Cephalopoda. They are found only in the western Pacific, inhabiting waters…

Oysters grow for the most part in marine or brackish water. Inside a usually highly calcified shell is a soft body.

Oyster

Oysters grow for the most part in marine or brackish water. Inside a usually highly calcified shell…

Oysters grow for the most part in marine or brackish water. Inside a usually highly calcified shell is a soft body.

Oyster

Oysters grow for the most part in marine or brackish water. Inside a usually highly calcified shell…

Oysters grow for the most part in marine or brackish water. Inside a usually highly calcified shell is a soft body.

Oyster

Oysters grow for the most part in marine or brackish water. Inside a usually highly calcified shell…

"Three principal parts, the card, the needle on its lower suface, and the case. The whole is enclosed in the compass-box, or binnacle. the term compass is said to have been applied to the instrument because the card involves or compasses the whole plane of the horizon, or because the needle indicates the whole circle of possible variations of direction. The surface of the card is divided by radiating lines into 32 parts, each containing 11 degrees." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Compass Card

"Three principal parts, the card, the needle on its lower suface, and the case. The whole is enclosed…

"A genus of marine animals closely allied to the Hydraform Polypi, but of much greater size, and always living separately, very generally affixed by the base of rocks or shells. The olk genus Actinia has been subdivided into a number of genera, and is now the type of a gamily, Actiniadae. They consist of a fleshy sac with one orifice, around which are numerous tentacula, and when these are expanded, much resemble flowers, and have therefore been called Animal Flowers and Sea Anemones." &mdash; Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Actinia

"A genus of marine animals closely allied to the Hydraform Polypi, but of much greater size, and always…

"A genus of marine animals closely allied to the Hydraform Polypi, but of much greater size, and always living separately, very generally affixed by the base of rocks or shells. The olk genus Actinia has been subdivided into a number of genera, and is now the type of a gamily, Actiniadae. They consist of a fleshy sac with one orifice, around which are numerous tentacula, and when these are expanded, much resemble flowers, and have therefore been called Animal Flowers and Sea Anemones." &mdash; Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Actinia

"A genus of marine animals closely allied to the Hydraform Polypi, but of much greater size, and always…

A tropical fish that attaches to large marine mammals.

Suckerfish

A tropical fish that attaches to large marine mammals.

A double ended marine boiler

Boiler

A double ended marine boiler

Similar section of a sterile conceptacle, containing slender antheridia.

Marine Algae of New England

Similar section of a sterile conceptacle, containing slender antheridia.

This painting by Claude Gelle Le Lorrain is one of his favorites. It is practically identical to his No. 22 etching.

The Rape of Europa

This painting by Claude Gelle Le Lorrain is one of his favorites. It is practically identical to his…

"The scaup (<em>Fuliguia mariula</em>) is a winter visitor to the United States and Southern Europe. Its food consists of marine animals and plants."&mdash;Finley, 1917

Scaup Duck

"The scaup (Fuliguia mariula) is a winter visitor to the United States and Southern Europe.…

A marine mammal native to North America.

Otter

A marine mammal native to North America.

A bird with a large pouch on the underside of its beak with which it carries fish.

Pelican

A bird with a large pouch on the underside of its beak with which it carries fish.

A living coral, a marine organism in the class Anthozoa.

Coral

A living coral, a marine organism in the class Anthozoa.

A fossilized coral.

Coral Fossil

A fossilized coral.

"Free-living Polychaete (Nereis cultrifera)." -Thomson, 1916

Polychaete

"Free-living Polychaete (Nereis cultrifera)." -Thomson, 1916

"Phoronis...TR., Trunk; TE., tentacles; TU., tube." -Thomson, 1916

Phoronis

"Phoronis...TR., Trunk; TE., tentacles; TU., tube." -Thomson, 1916