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This illustration shows an ornamental chair.

Ornamental Chair

This illustration shows an ornamental chair.

An ornamental Greek vase.

Vase Painting

An ornamental Greek vase.

An ornamental bed frame made out of iron.

Iron Bed

An ornamental bed frame made out of iron.

An ornamental bed frame made out of iron.

Iron Bed

An ornamental bed frame made out of iron.

A very artistic and handsome bed frame made out of iron.

Iron Bed

A very artistic and handsome bed frame made out of iron.

An ornamental hand carved hall tree made out of quartered oak.

Hall Tree

An ornamental hand carved hall tree made out of quartered oak.

An ornamental hand carved hall tree made out of quartered oak.

Hall Tree

An ornamental hand carved hall tree made out of quartered oak.

"A species of the genus Ilex, which contains about 175 species distributed throughout the world. They are ornamental shrubs with evergreen or deciduous and sometimes spiny leaves and black, red or yellow berries, which remain on the shrubs until the following spring." — Beach, 1909

Holly

"A species of the genus Ilex, which contains about 175 species distributed throughout the world. They…

"An ornamental bracket (a), much used in classic architecture, especially in the cornices of the Corinthian and Composite styles." — Chambers, 1881

Modillion

"An ornamental bracket (a), much used in classic architecture, especially in the cornices of the Corinthian…

"Vase of Henry II ware. Henry II ware was precious, consisting of glazed white ornamental pieces." — Chambers, 1881

Vase

"Vase of Henry II ware. Henry II ware was precious, consisting of glazed white ornamental pieces." —…

A useful as well as ornamental knot. Also called a delay knot.

Capstan Knot

A useful as well as ornamental knot. Also called a delay knot.

An expanded ornamental cross.

Ornamental Cross

An expanded ornamental cross.

A ornamental finial cross.

Finial Cross

A ornamental finial cross.

A ornamental finial cross.

Finial Cross

A ornamental finial cross.

"In architecture, an ornamental finishing, either carved in stone, or of tiles running along the top of a wall, or the ridge of a rood. Crest-tiles, or Crease-tiles, are frequently in the form either of small battlements or Tudor flowers, as in the accompanying illustration from Exeter Cathedral." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Crest-Tiles

"In architecture, an ornamental finishing, either carved in stone, or of tiles running along the top…

"St. Martin's Cross, Iona." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

St. Martin's Cross

"St. Martin's Cross, Iona." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

An ornamental ring worn upon the arms and ankles in India and Africa.

Bangles

An ornamental ring worn upon the arms and ankles in India and Africa.

Genus of plants of the family Araceae.

Caladium

Genus of plants of the family Araceae.

"The push-button...is well known in connection with the electric bell: a brass spring which forms part of the circuit closing the opening when pressed by an insulating button of hard-rubber, porcelain, or fiber,—the whole inclosed in a cap made in a great variety of ornamental designs." -Atkinson 1903

Push Button

"The push-button...is well known in connection with the electric bell: a brass spring which forms part…

Double Eagle ($20.00) United States coin from 1849. Obverse has a left-facing image of Liberty wearing a coronet inscribed with LIBERTY and is surrounded by 13 equally-spaced stars. Reverse shows an heraldic eagle holding arrows its left talon and an olive branch in it right. Within the ornamental scroll is inscribed E PLURIBUS UNUM and above the image is a circle of 13 stars and rays, inscription surrounding image - UNITED STATES OF AMERICA TWENTY D.

Gold Double Eagle Coin, 1849

Double Eagle ($20.00) United States coin from 1849. Obverse has a left-facing image of Liberty wearing…

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge entire. Outline - round heart-shape. Apex - tapering and rather blunt, sometimes with a short bristle. Base - heart shape. Leaf/Stem - smooth and swollen at each end into a sort of knob. Leaf - usually about four to five inches long and wide; rather thin, smooth above and below; with seven prominent ribs radiating from the end of the leaf-stem. Flowers - reddish, acid, usually abundant in small clusters along the branches; appearing before the leaves. March to May. Fruit - a small, many-seeded, flat pod, winged along the seed-bearing stem. Seeds - reverse egg-shape. Found - in rich soil, Western Pennsylvania, westward and southward. Common in cultivation. General Information - A small and fine ornamental tree, with long, flat-leaved branches. The name "Judas tree" is traditional. "This is the tree whereon Judas did hang himself, and not the elder tree, as it is said." From a Greek word meaning "shuttle," because of the shuttle-shaped pod.

Genus Cercis, L. (Red Bud)

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge entire. Outline - round heart-shape. Apex - tapering and rather blunt,…

Leaves - simple; alternate (often alternate in pairs); edge unequally sharp-toothed, with the base entire. Outline - triangular. Apex - taper-pointed. Base - variable, more or less squared, sometimes slightly hollowed, rounded or pointed. Leaf/Stem - long and slender, about three quarters of an inch or more in length. Leaf - one and three quarters to three inches long. Smooth and shining on both sides. Bark - The outer bark of the mature trunk is chalky-white and thin, but not, like the bark of the Paper-birch, easily separable into layers. Usually it is marked with blackish dots and lines. Often the branchlets and twigs are blackish, and in very young trees the bark may be light reddish-brown, and marked with white dots. Found - on poor soil, from Delaware and Pennsylvania northward (mostly toward the coast), and in ornamental cultivation. It springs up abundantly over burned and abandoned lands. General Information - A slender, short-lived tree, twenty to thirty feet high, with white, soft wood, not durable; used largely in making spools, shoe pegs, etc., and for fuel. A still more graceful cultivated species is the European Weeping Birch (B. pendula). Its branches are very drooping, with more slender leaves, and a spray that is exceedingly light and delicate, especially in early spring.

Genus Betula, L. (Birch)

Leaves - simple; alternate (often alternate in pairs); edge unequally sharp-toothed, with the base entire.…

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge sharp-toothed. Outline - narrow lance-shape. Apex - taper-pointed. Base - pointed. Leaf - about five inches long by three fourths of an inch wide; somewhat silky, or smooth. Branches and branchlets - very long, curved, and drooping nearly to the ground. Introduced - from Europe, now common, and much used in ornamental cultivation. General Information - A tree thirty to forty feet high. The Latin name (babylonica) was suggested by the lament of the Hebrews, in the 137th Psalm. "By the rivers of Babylon there we sat down: Yea we wept when we remembered Zion. We hanged our harps upon the willows in the midst thereof." Salix from two Celtic words meaning "near" and "water."

Genus Salix, L. (Willow)

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge sharp-toothed. Outline - narrow lance-shape. Apex - taper-pointed.…

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge usually lobed (the lobes toothed). Outline - broad egg-shape. Apex - of the lobes, blunt-pointed. Base - usually slightly heart-shaped. Leaf/Stem - downy and nearly round. Leaf - usually about two and a half inches long; when mature, smooth and dark green above, below downy and almost snow-white. In the young leaves both surfaces and the leaf-stem are snowy-white and downy. General Information - A native of Europe; now widely introduced. A very ornamental tree, but troublesome in cultivation, and now out of favor because of the abundance of suckers that spring from its roots.

Genus Populus, L. (Aspen, Poplar)

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge usually lobed (the lobes toothed). Outline - broad egg-shape. Apex…

Leaves - simple; opposite; edge entire. Outline - egg-shape, or often broad oval, or reverse egg-shape. Apex - pointed, often taper-pointed. Base - pointed and usually slightly unequal. Leaf/Stem - short (about one half inch). Leaf - three to five inches long; smooth above; pale and nearly smooth beneath; with the whitish ribs very distinct and curved. Bark - of trunk, blackish and rough, with short, broken ridges. The bark, especially of the roots, is very bitter and is used as a tonic. Flowers - The real flowers are greenish-yellow, in a small rounded bunch; but this bunch is surrounded by four large, petal-like leaves, white and often tinged with pink, more than an inch in length, reverse egg-shaped, and ending in a hard, abruptly turned point. The appearance is of a single large flower. The tree blossoms in May before the leaves are fully set. Fruit - The "Flower" is succeeded by a bunch of oval berries that turn bright red as they ripen, making the tree in the autumn, with its richly changing foliage, nearly as attractive as in the spring. Found - in rich woods, from New England to Minnesota, and southward to Florida and Texas. It is very common, especially at the South. General Information - A finely shaped, rather flat-branching tree, usually twelve to thirty feet high, but dwindling, northward, to the dimensions of a shrub; one of the most ornamental of all our native flowering trees. Its character throughout the extent of its range would seem to warrant the recognition of its blossom as the "national flower." Cornus, from a Greek word meaning horn, because of the hardness of the wood.

Flowering Dogwood

Leaves - simple; opposite; edge entire. Outline - egg-shape, or often broad oval, or reverse egg-shape.…

Leaves - simple; opposite; edge entire. Outline - oval, long oval, or reverse egg-shape. Apex - pointed (or sometimes rounded). Base - pointed. Leaf - smooth. Flowers - with narrow petals nearly an inch in length, snow-white, in long, loose, and drooping clusters. June. Fruit - one half to two thirds of an inch long, oval, purplish, with one stony seed. Found - along the banks of streams from New Jersey and Southern Pennsylvania southward. Common and very ornamental in cultivation. General Information - A small tree eight to twenty-five feet high, or often a shrub. Chionanthus, from two Greek words meaning "snow" and "flowers."

Genus Chionanthus, L. (Fringe Tree)

Leaves - simple; opposite; edge entire. Outline - oval, long oval, or reverse egg-shape. Apex - pointed…

Leaves - simple; opposite; edge entire. Outline - broad egg-shape or heart-shape. Apex - pointed. Base - heart-shape. Leaf - five to eight inches wide; smooth above, downy below, especially on the ribs. Bark - of trunk, a silver-gray, only slightly furrowed. Flowers - very showy and fragrant, in large, upright pyramid-shaped clusters; white or violet-tinged, spotted inside with yellow and purple. July. Fruit - in long, rounded pods (six to twelve inches long, about half an inch in diameter), with the seeds winged and fringed. They often remain throughout the winter. October. Found - new very widely naturalized throughout the Middle and Southern Atlantic States, though formerly a rare and local Southern tree. General Information - A low, very ornamental tree, usually twenty to thirty feet high. Its seeds and bark are considered medicinal. Another species, C. speciosa, Ward, larger and of more value, is sometimes met with in Southern Illinois and the adjoining States. Catalpa is probably a corruption of the Indian word Catawba, which was the name of an important tribe that occupied a large part of Georgia and the Carolinas.

Genus Catalpa, Scop., Walt. (Catalpa)

Leaves - simple; opposite; edge entire. Outline - broad egg-shape or heart-shape. Apex - pointed. Base…

Leaves - compound (odd-feathered; leaflets, nine to fifteen); alternate (often alternate in threes); edge of leaflets finely and sharply toothed. Outline - of leaflet, long and narrow egg-shape. Apex, taper-pointed. Base - rounded and slightly pointed. Leaflet/Stem - lacking, or very short. Leaf - eight to twelve inches long. Leaflet - two to three and one half inches long; surfaces smooth. Bark - of the trunk, reddish-brown and rather smooth. Flowers - small and white, in large, flat clusters, over the surface of the tree - fifty to one hundred or more flowers in a cluster. May, June. Fruit - very ornamental, about the size of peas, scarlet, in large, flat clusters, ripening in autumn and remaining into the winter. Found - from Labrador and Newfoundland through the Northern States and southward along the Alleghany Mountains. Its finest growth is on the northern shores of Lake Huron and Lake Superior. General Information - A slender, somewhat pyramid-shaped, tree, ten to thirty feet high, much and justly prized as one of the best of the native trees for ornamental planting. Its bark and the unripe fruit are very astringent, and are sometimes used medicinally. A slightly different species (P. sambucilolia) is sometimes found in cold swamps and on the borders of streams along the Northern frontier. The Mountain Ash or "Rowan Tree" has for a long time been renowned as a safeguard against witches and all evil spirits. A mere twig of it suffices. "Rowen-tree and red thread Put the witches to their speed." "The spells were vain, the hag returned To the queen in sorrowful mood, Crying that witches have no power Where there is row'n-tree wood."

Genus Pyrus, L. (Mountain Ash)

Leaves - compound (odd-feathered; leaflets, nine to fifteen); alternate (often alternate in threes);…

Leaves - compound (odd-feathered; leaflets, fifteen to seventeen); alternate; edge of leaflets sharp-toothed. Outline - of leaflet, long egg-shaped or long oval. Apex - taper-pointed. Base - rounded. Leaf/Stem - downy and sticky. Leaf - twelve to twenty inches long. Leaflet - three inches or more in length; downy, especially beneath. Bark - of the branches, light gray and smoothish. Twigs - as well as leaf-stems and fruit, very sticky. Fruit - long (two to three inches), pointed. Husk - very sticky; green at first; brown when ripe, becoming very dark; not splitting in sections. Nut - deeply and roughly furrowed and sharp-ridged, with a sweet oily kernel. September. Found - in Southern Canada, and common in New England and the Middle and Western States. General Information - A tree twenty to fifty feet high, with a short, stout trunk and very wide-reaching, horizontal branches. The heart-wood is reddish or light brown, not as dark nor as hard as in the Black Walnut. It is used for ornamental cabinet-work and interior finish.

Genus Juglans, L. (Walnut)

Leaves - compound (odd-feathered; leaflets, fifteen to seventeen); alternate; edge of leaflets sharp-toothed.…

Ornate capital "I" with a floral background.

I, Floral Capital

Ornate capital "I" with a floral background.

A species of masonry very common among the ancients, in which the stones are square and laid lozenge-wise, resembling the meshes of a net, and producing quite an ornamental appearance. It is the opus reticulate of the Romans.

Reticulated Work

A species of masonry very common among the ancients, in which the stones are square and laid lozenge-wise,…

"The chief characteristic of the Water-en is a short and strong bill. They are lively, graceful and ornamental birds."

Water-Hen

"The chief characteristic of the Water-en is a short and strong bill. They are lively, graceful and…

This diagram is an example of how to trim a basket after the basket has been bounded and banded. This is an ornamental stage.

Trimming a basket

This diagram is an example of how to trim a basket after the basket has been bounded and banded. This…

The Aechmea fulgens of coralberry is a bromeliad which is often used as a decorative plant.

Coralberry

The Aechmea fulgens of coralberry is a bromeliad which is often used as a decorative plant.

Tacca integrifolia or White Bat Plant is a flowering plant cultivated as ornamental plants.

White Bat Plant

Tacca integrifolia or White Bat Plant is a flowering plant cultivated as ornamental plants.

Agave americana is also known as the Century Plant or Maguey and is used as an ornamental plant.

Maguey

Agave americana is also known as the Century Plant or Maguey and is used as an ornamental plant.

Stellaria holostea is an ornamental plant also known as Addersmeat or the Greater Stitchwort.

Greater Stitchwort

Stellaria holostea is an ornamental plant also known as Addersmeat or the Greater Stitchwort.

Aphelandra cristata is a flowering plant shown potted here because it is often used as a houseplant.

Aphelandra

Aphelandra cristata is a flowering plant shown potted here because it is often used as a houseplant.

Loasa Pentlandica is a flowering plant of the Loasaceae family used as an ornamental plant.

Loasa

Loasa Pentlandica is a flowering plant of the Loasaceae family used as an ornamental plant.

A decorative divider with a cherub's face and floral ornaments.

Cherub Divider

A decorative divider with a cherub's face and floral ornaments.

White grubs or Grubworms are the larvae of scarabs (beetles). Grubs commonly attack the roots of turfgrasses and ornamental plants. Damage first appears as drought stress such as wilting and drooping.

Grubworms

White grubs or Grubworms are the larvae of scarabs (beetles). Grubs commonly attack the roots of turfgrasses…

This image shows a fire screen decorated with a tapestry. Fire screens are used to reduce excessive heat and began being used to make the fireplace and the wall more decorative.

Fire Screen

This image shows a fire screen decorated with a tapestry. Fire screens are used to reduce excessive…

The finial is an architectural device, typically carved in stone and employed to decoratively emphasize the apex of a gable, or any of various distinctive ornaments at the top, end, or corner of a building or structure. Smaller finials can be used as a decorative ornament on the ends of curtain rods or applied to chairs and furniture. These are frequently seen on top of bed posts or clocks. Decorative finials are also commonly used to fasten lampshades, and as an ornamental element at the end of the handles of souvenir spoons. Finials can also be decorative members at the ends of curtain rods. An architectural finial can also function as a lightning rod, and was once believed to act as a deterrent to witches on broomsticks attempting to land on one's roof.

Leaf Finial

The finial is an architectural device, typically carved in stone and employed to decoratively emphasize…

The finial is an architectural device, typically carved in stone and employed to decoratively emphasize the apex of a gable, or any of various distinctive ornaments at the top, end, or corner of a building or structure. Smaller finials can be used as a decorative ornament on the ends of curtain rods or applied to chairs and furniture. These are frequently seen on top of bed posts or clocks. Decorative finials are also commonly used to fasten lampshades, and as an ornamental element at the end of the handles of souvenir spoons. Finials can also be decorative members at the ends of curtain rods. An architectural finial can also function as a lightning rod, and was once believed to act as a deterrent to witches on broomsticks attempting to land on one's roof.

Finials

The finial is an architectural device, typically carved in stone and employed to decoratively emphasize…

Carp is a common name for various freshwater fish of the family Cyprinidae, a very large group of fish originally from Eurasia and southeast Asia. Carp have long been an important food fish to humans, as well as popular ornamental fishes (see koi and goldfish). As a result, carp have been introduced to various locations, though with mixed results.

Carp

Carp is a common name for various freshwater fish of the family Cyprinidae, a very large group of fish…

An arcade is a passage or walkway covered over by a succession of arches or vaults supported by columns. An engaged column is a column embedded in a wall and partly projecting from the surface of the wall, sometimes defined as semi or three-quarter detached. In Roman architecture they exist in profusion, most commonly embedded in the cella walls of pseudoperipteral buildings. Engaged columns are distinct from pilasters, which by definition are ornamental and not structural.

Roman Arcade with Engaged Columns

An arcade is a passage or walkway covered over by a succession of arches or vaults supported by columns.…

Jasminum grandiflorum (chameli in Hindi) is a species of jasmine native to South Asia. In India, its leaves are widely used as an Ayurvedic herbal medicine and its flowers are used to adorn the coiffure of women. In Pakistan, it grows wild in the Salt Range and Rawalpindi District at 500-1500 m altitude. It is closely related to, and sometimes treated as merely a form of, Jasminum officinale. It is a scrambling deciduous shrub growing to 2–4 m tall. The leaves are opposite, 5–12 cm long, pinnate with 5–11 leaflets. The flowers are produced in open cymes, the individual flowers are white having corolla with a basal tube 13–25 mm long and five lobes 13–22 mm long. The flower's fragrance is unique and sweet. It is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant in warm temperate and subtropical regions.

Jasminum grandiflorum

Jasminum grandiflorum (chameli in Hindi) is a species of jasmine native to South Asia. In India, its…

An illustration of an Egyptian diadem. A diadem is a type of crown, specifically an ornamental headband.

Egyptian Diadem

An illustration of an Egyptian diadem. A diadem is a type of crown, specifically an ornamental headband.

An illustration of a small gold diadem. A diadem is a type of crown, specifically an ornamental headband worn by royalty.

Gold Diadem

An illustration of a small gold diadem. A diadem is a type of crown, specifically an ornamental headband…

An illustration of a gold crown created by "pure hammered gold cut into thin plates, attached to rings by double gold wires, and fastened together at the back with thin twisted wire" (Britannica, 1910).

Gold Crown

An illustration of a gold crown created by "pure hammered gold cut into thin plates, attached to rings…

A gable is the generally triangular portion of a wall between the edges of a sloping roof. A wimperg is a German and Dutch word for a Gothic ornamental gable with tracery over windows or portals, which were often accompanied with pinnacles. It was a typical element in Gothic Architecture especially in cathedral architecture. Wimpergs often had crockets or other decorative elements in the Gothic style. The intention behind the wimperg was the perception of increased height.

Openwork Gable, From Front of Rouen Cathedral

A gable is the generally triangular portion of a wall between the edges of a sloping roof. A wimperg…

An illustration of: 1, Coralla cut open showing the four stamens; 2, Unripe fruit (lengthwise); 3, ripe capsule split open; and the foxglove plant. Digitalis is a genus of about 20 species of herbaceous perennials, shrubs, and biennials that are commonly called foxgloves. The genus was traditionally placed in the figwort family Scrophulariaceae, but upon review of phylogenetic research, it has now been placed in the much enlarged family Plantaginaceae. The genus is native to Europe, western and central Asia, and northwestern Africa. The scientific name means "finger-like" and refers to the ease with which a flower of Digitalis purpurea can be fitted over a human fingertip. The flowers are produced on a tall spike, are tubular, and vary in colour with species, from purple to pink, white, and yellow. The best-known species is the Common Foxglove, Digitalis purpurea. It is a biennial, often grown as an ornamental plant due to its showy flowers, that range in colour from purples through to whites, with variable marks and spotting. The first year of growth produces only the long, basal leaves. In the second year, the erect leafy stem 0.5-2.5 m tall develops.

Foxglove

An illustration of: 1, Coralla cut open showing the four stamens; 2, Unripe fruit (lengthwise); 3, ripe…

An entablature refers to the superstructure of moldings and bands which lie horizontally above columns, resting on their capitals. Entablatures are major elements of classical architecture, and are commonly divided into the architrave, frieze, and the cornice. The architrave (also called epistyle or door frame) is a moulded or ornamental band framing a rectangular opening. It is the lintel or beam that rests on the capitals of the columns.

Architrave of Entablature over Doorway at the Great Temple at Philæ

An entablature refers to the superstructure of moldings and bands which lie horizontally above columns,…

Over the Winged Bulls were painted other acts of the king surrounded by his eunuchs and warriors, and these representations were in their turn surrounded by an ornamental border, in which winged-bulls and monstrous beasts, as well as the sacred tree, principally figured.

Sculptured Ornamental Border from the Ruins of Nineveh

Over the Winged Bulls were painted other acts of the king surrounded by his eunuchs and warriors, and…

Peculiar vaulted buildings often existed in connection with the palaces for the preservation of valuables; the base of these treasure-houses is circular, and their covering of a dome shape; it does not, however, form an arch, but courses of stones are laid horizontally over one another in such a way that each course projects beyond the one blow it. till the space at the highest course becomes so narrow that a single stone covers it. Ornamental fragments, which belonged to these buildings, lead to the conjecture that Mesopotamian art had some influence on the earliest Grecian buildings.

Pillar Fragment from the Treasury of Atreus

Peculiar vaulted buildings often existed in connection with the palaces for the preservation of valuables;…

Egg-and-dart is an ornamental device often carved in wood, stone, or plaster quarter-round ovolo mouldings, consisting of an egg-shaped object alternating with an element shaped like an arrow, anchor or dart. Egg-and-dart enrichment of the ovolo molding of the Ionic capital is found in Ancient Greek architecture at the Erechtheion and was used by the Romans.

Egg-and-Dart

Egg-and-dart is an ornamental device often carved in wood, stone, or plaster quarter-round ovolo mouldings,…

The Bryony and Hops have picturesque qualities that well adapted for ornamental use.

Bryony and Hops

The Bryony and Hops have picturesque qualities that well adapted for ornamental use.

The Walking Lion is a statue of lion in it natural form.

Walking Lion

The Walking Lion is a statue of lion in it natural form.

The Greek akroter serves as an ornamental finish to the apex of a gable. It is painted in the temple of Wingless Victory in Athens, Greece.

Greek Akroter

The Greek akroter serves as an ornamental finish to the apex of a gable. It is painted in the temple…

This Greek akroter is painted in Acropolis, Athens. It serves as the ornamental finish to the apex of a gable.

Greek Akroter

This Greek akroter is painted in Acropolis, Athens. It serves as the ornamental finish to the apex of…