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This organ-pipe coral is a well-known red coral. They are classified as cnidarians.

Coral

This organ-pipe coral is a well-known red coral. They are classified as cnidarians.

Formation of Coral Reeds, according to Darwin.

Coral

Formation of Coral Reeds, according to Darwin.

An individual coral is known as a polyp. They resemble sea anemone, as they have tubular bodies with tentacles. This is a cluster of New England coral polyps.

Coral Polyp

An individual coral is known as a polyp. They resemble sea anemone, as they have tubular bodies with…

An individual coral is known as a polyp. They resemble sea anemone, as they have tubular bodies with tentacles. This is a cluster of red coral polyps.

Coral Polyp

An individual coral is known as a polyp. They resemble sea anemone, as they have tubular bodies with…

Coral that has branched out and looks like a brain.

Astraea Pallida

Coral that has branched out and looks like a brain.

A coral in the shape of a mushroom.

Mushroom Coral

A coral in the shape of a mushroom.

Coral that resembles a pipe-organ.

Organ-Pipe Coral

Coral that resembles a pipe-organ.

Used for jewellery, grows in a bushy form on rocks at the bottom of the Mediterranean and Red seas.

Red Coral

Used for jewellery, grows in a bushy form on rocks at the bottom of the Mediterranean and Red seas.

"Fort Taylor, Key West, Fla. Key West, the most western of the Pine Islands, is about sixty miles southwest of Cape Sable, Florida. Its length is four miles, and its width is one mile. Its elevation from the sea does not exceed twenty feet. Its formation is of coral. The name is a corruption of Cago Hueso, or Bone Key, and has no relation to the position of the island, which is not the most western of the reef. On Whitehead's Point, the southwest extemity of the island, is a fixed light, eighty-three and a half feet above the level of the sea. Fort Taylor is a large, first-class fortification, commanding the harbor of Key West at its entrance. The foritication forms an irregular quadrangle, having three channel curtains. It is three hundred yards off the beach and on the southwest point of the island, and stands in a depth of seven or twelve feet of water. The foundation is granite, and the upper works are of brick. The scrap walls have a solidity of eight feet, rising forty feet above the water level. It is proyided with three tiers- two of casemate and one of barbette- and mounts one hundred and twenty-eight 10-inch Columbiad guns on the seaward front, and forty-five heavy pieces toward the beach."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Fort Taylor

"Fort Taylor, Key West, Fla. Key West, the most western of the Pine Islands, is about sixty miles southwest…

"[From left to right:] Fusus Longissimus, Pearl Oyster and Coral, Volute, Thorny Woodcock." — Goodrich, 1859

Mollusca

"[From left to right:] Fusus Longissimus, Pearl Oyster and Coral, Volute, Thorny Woodcock." —…

"Sea-Fan; Sea Pen; Cornularia rugosa."-Whitney, 1902

Alcyonaria

"Sea-Fan; Sea Pen; Cornularia rugosa."-Whitney, 1902

"End of a branch of red coral of commerce, Corallium rubrum, with three anthozooids, A, B, C, in different degrees of expansion: k, mouth; a, the part of the coenosarc which rises into a cup around the base of each anthozooid."-Whitney, 1902

Anthozooids

"End of a branch of red coral of commerce, Corallium rubrum, with three anthozooids, A, B, C, in different…

"Coral is the name applied to the stony structures secreted by many of the actinozoa, and applied to the animals themselves. The coral of commerce is the production of various polyps, and is of different colors and internal structure. A– a branch of Dendrophyllia."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Coral

"Coral is the name applied to the stony structures secreted by many of the actinozoa, and applied to…

"Coral is the name applied to the stony structures secreted by many of the actinozoa, and applied to the animals themselves. The coral of commerce is the production of various polyps, and is of different colors and internal structure. B&ndash; part of a stock of red coral, with <em>(a)</em> fully extended polyp and <em>(b, b)</em> two polyps, partly extended. "&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Coral

"Coral is the name applied to the stony structures secreted by many of the actinozoa, and applied to…

"These animals are generally called <em>Tree-corals</em>, on account of the forms of the polypidons which they build and in which they live. They are very small, and possess twelve short tentacles placed in a circle around the mouth; they occupy the cells in the polypidom, which is of a porus nature, the openings of the cells being placed at the summits of tubercular prominences of greater or lesser elevations. " &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Tree-coral

"These animals are generally called Tree-corals, on account of the forms of the polypidons…

"a a, expanded polypes; b b, polypes withdrawn into their cells; c c, coral uncovered by flesh, showing the cells. In this the corals usually form thick stony masses; the stony rays of the cells are exceedingly numerous, and the cells themselves penetrate deeply into the mass of coral, although they are generally partially divided by imperfect transverse partitions." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Astrae virdis

"a a, expanded polypes; b b, polypes withdrawn into their cells; c c, coral uncovered by flesh, showing…

"It is to this family more especially that the formation of the coral reeds is to be attributed. In this the corals usually form thick stony masses; the stony rays of the cells are exceedingly numerous, and the cels themselves penetrate deeply into the mass of coral, although they are generally partially divided by imperfect transverse paritions." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Astraea rotulosa

"It is to this family more especially that the formation of the coral reeds is to be attributed. In…

"In the genus Alcyonium, the polypidom is of a spongy nature, and contains a multitude of minute calcareous concretions, which serve to give firmness to the fabric. When the polypes are contracted, the surface of the polypidom, which is covered with a coriaceous skin, is seen to bear numerous scattered stellate marks, which, on examination, are found to consist of eight rays correstponding with the tentacula of the polypes which are to be protruded from these spots." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Alcyonium elegans

"In the genus Alcyonium, the polypidom is of a spongy nature, and contains a multitude of minute calcareous…

"In the family of the Gorgonidae the substance of the polypidom is collected into a solid central axis, covered by the fleshy mass in which the polypes are imbedded. The axis is cometimes calcareous, sometimes horny; in certain casees it is formed of a series of joints united by horny rings. Many species grow in a more or less aborescent form, of which the <em>Sea-Fans</em> are an example." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Sea-fan

"In the family of the Gorgonidae the substance of the polypidom is collected into a solid central axis,…

"It appears to be confined to the Mediterranean Sea, where it grows, especially on the southern coast, attached to rocks at considerable depths in the sea. It is fished up from the deep by means of nets and other instruments. The manufacture of ornaments of this coral at Naples is of great extent." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Red coral

"It appears to be confined to the Mediterranean Sea, where it grows, especially on the southern coast,…

Necklace worn in the Gallic war. Has amber and coral pendants.

Gallic Necklace

Necklace worn in the Gallic war. Has amber and coral pendants.

Necklace worn in the Gallic war. Has amber and coral pendants.

Gallic Necklace

Necklace worn in the Gallic war. Has amber and coral pendants.

A venomous snake with thick red, yellow, and black bands.

Coral Snake

A venomous snake with thick red, yellow, and black bands.

Coral in a fan like shape.

Fan Coral

Coral in a fan like shape.

Coral in the shape of a tree.

Madrepore Coral

Coral in the shape of a tree.

Coral in the shape of a mushroom.

Maushroom Coral

Coral in the shape of a mushroom.

A colony of polyps on a bit of seaweed.

Polpys

A colony of polyps on a bit of seaweed.

This is an illustration of an island with an altitude of two thousand feet or more. It is surrounded by coral-reefs.

High Island

This is an illustration of an island with an altitude of two thousand feet or more. It is surrounded…

This is an illustration of a relatively flat island, surrounded by coral-reefs.

Coral Island

This is an illustration of a relatively flat island, surrounded by coral-reefs.

A marine creature of the class Cephalopoda. They are found only in the western Pacific, inhabiting waters around coral reefs.

Nautilus

A marine creature of the class Cephalopoda. They are found only in the western Pacific, inhabiting waters…

A hand&mdashlike coral: so called from its pale hand like tubers.

Dead Man's Fingers

A hand&mdashlike coral: so called from its pale hand like tubers.

"Cidaris florigemma, with spine, a, and single ambulacral plate, magnified, b, (after Wright; Coral Rag." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Fossil Echinidea

"Cidaris florigemma, with spine, a, and single ambulacral plate, magnified, b, (after Wright; Coral…

"The Sea-fan (<em>gorgonia cavolinii</em>)." &mdash;Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Sea-fan

"The Sea-fan (gorgonia cavolinii)." —Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

A coral.

Coral

A coral.

A large, thin, fan&mdash;like coral.

Fan Coral

A large, thin, fan—like coral.

Platysamia cecropia. The caterpillar occurring on a great variety of plants, including many of our fruit-trees and certain small fruits. Its green, and has six rather prominent warts on the thoracic segments, of which four are coral-red in color and the hinder two are yellow, sometimes with a reddish tinge.

Emporer Moth Caterpillar

Platysamia cecropia. The caterpillar occurring on a great variety of plants, including many of our fruit-trees…

The reef forming the island is of limestone, derived form countless skeletons of minute polyps that once lived beneath the surface of the waters.

Coral Island

The reef forming the island is of limestone, derived form countless skeletons of minute polyps that…

A piece of coral reef.

Coral

A piece of coral reef.

These animalcule are so small that 1,000,000 are equal in bulk to only one cubic inch. They appear to live in the layers of water near the surface, and after death to fall gradually to the bottom of the sea.

Foraminifera

These animalcule are so small that 1,000,000 are equal in bulk to only one cubic inch. They appear to…

24. Various corals, 25. Razor-shell, 26. Cockle, 27. Various winkels, 28. Shore crab, 29. Father lasher, 30. Periophthalamus, 31. Lobworm, 32. Gunnel

Types of Seashore Life

24. Various corals, 25. Razor-shell, 26. Cockle, 27. Various winkels, 28. Shore crab, 29. Father lasher,…

A living coral, a marine organism in the class Anthozoa.

Coral

A living coral, a marine organism in the class Anthozoa.

A fossilized coral.

Coral Fossil

A fossilized coral.

"Part of a branch of a coral of the genus Gorgonia, showing one of the polyps expanded." -Dana, 1883

Coral Polyp

"Part of a branch of a coral of the genus Gorgonia, showing one of the polyps expanded." -Dana, 1883

A Radiate Polyp coral, Dendrophyllia.

Polyp

A Radiate Polyp coral, Dendrophyllia.

A fringing reef is a coral reef that is close to land.

Fringing Reef

A fringing reef is a coral reef that is close to land.

A barrier reef is a coral reef that is far from land.

Barrier Reef

A barrier reef is a coral reef that is far from land.

"Diagram suggesting the development of a barrier reef and an atoll, successively, from a fringing reef, by sinking. 1, Fringing reef, formed in shallow water; 2, barrier reef, developed from fringing reef after subsidence; 3, the atoll which succeeds the barrier reef." -Salisbury, 1919

Barrier Reef Development

"Diagram suggesting the development of a barrier reef and an atoll, successively, from a fringing reef,…

A coral island developed from a submerged volcano or other rock.

Coral Island

A coral island developed from a submerged volcano or other rock.

A section of an actual coral reef, showing the formation: two sides tall, above sea level with the middle lower and submerged.

Coral Reef Section

A section of an actual coral reef, showing the formation: two sides tall, above sea level with the middle…

Of the orchid family (Orchidaceae), large coral root or Corallorhiza maculata.

Large Coral Root

Of the orchid family (Orchidaceae), large coral root or Corallorhiza maculata.

Of the orchid family (Orchidaceae), early coral root or Corallorhiza trifida.

Early Coral Root

Of the orchid family (Orchidaceae), early coral root or Corallorhiza trifida.

"Life history of a coral, Monoxenia darwinii. A, B, Ovum. C, Division into two. D, four-cell stage. E, Blastula. F, Free-swimming blastula with cilia. G, Section of blastula. H, Beginning of invagination. I, Section of completed gastrula, showing ectoderm, and archenteron. K, Free-swimming ciliiated gastrula." -Thomson, 1916

Coral Stages

"Life history of a coral, Monoxenia darwinii. A, B, Ovum. C, Division into two. D, four-cell stage.…

"The formation of a coral shell (Asteroides). st., Stomodaeum; ms., mesentery; s., calcareous septum; B., basal plate." -Thomson, 1916

Coral Shell

"The formation of a coral shell (Asteroides). st., Stomodaeum; ms., mesentery; s., calcareous septum;…

Of Alcyonaria, Stolonifera.

Stolonifera Alcyonaria

Of Alcyonaria, Stolonifera.

Of Alcyonaria, Alcyonacea.

Alcyonacea Alcyonaria

Of Alcyonaria, Alcyonacea.

Of Alcyonaria, Axifera.

Axifera Alcyonaria

Of Alcyonaria, Axifera.

Of Alcyonaria, Stelechotokea.

Stelechotokea Alcyonaria

Of Alcyonaria, Stelechotokea.

"Corallium rubrum, a corner of a colony. A., Anthocodia or retractile portion of a polyp; r.p., completely retracted polyp, with the verruca or calyx portion left protruding; C., coenenchyma; T., pinnate tentacles." -Thomson, 1916

C. Ruburm

"Corallium rubrum, a corner of a colony. A., Anthocodia or retractile portion of a polyp; r.p., completely…

"Corallium rubrum, portion of colony." -Parker, 1900

Precious Coral

"Corallium rubrum, portion of colony." -Parker, 1900

Of the Honeysuckle family (Caprifoliaceae), the Indian currant (Symphoricarpos orbiculatus) and the leaves of elder (Sambucus canadensis).

Indian Currant and Elder Leaves

Of the Honeysuckle family (Caprifoliaceae), the Indian currant (Symphoricarpos orbiculatus) and the…