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"A genus compound radiolarians, typical of the family <i>Sphaerozoidae</i>, the protoplasm of which contains colored cellaeform bodies, and gives rise to a network of spicules forming a loose detached skeleton." &mdash;Whitney, 1889

Sphaerozoum Ovodimare

"A genus compound radiolarians, typical of the family Sphaerozoidae, the protoplasm of which contains…

"A. natural size; B. two of the sacs with colored vesicles and spicules which lie in the investing protoplasm, magnified." &mdash;Whitney, 1889 <p>A colonial radiolarian possessing siliceous spicules.

Sphærozoum Punctatum

"A. natural size; B. two of the sacs with colored vesicles and spicules which lie in the investing protoplasm,…

"Diagram showing an amoeba in successive stages of division." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Amoeba

"Diagram showing an amoeba in successive stages of division." — Blaisedell, 1904

An illustration of an amoeba: n, nucleus.

Amoeba

An illustration of an amoeba: n, nucleus.

An illustration of an amoeba: n, nucleus.

Amoeba

An illustration of an amoeba: n, nucleus.

An illustration of an amoeba: n, nucleus.

Amoeba

An illustration of an amoeba: n, nucleus.

An illustration of an amoeba: n, nucleus; cv, contractile vacuole.

Amoeba

An illustration of an amoeba: n, nucleus; cv, contractile vacuole.

A magnified portion of an apple leaf. It shows many small sacks grown together. Each of these sacks is a cell.

Apple Leaf

A magnified portion of an apple leaf. It shows many small sacks grown together. Each of these sacks…

"Gelatinous substance of the disc of Aurelia, showing-a, fibrous trabeculae, and b, wandering endoderm cells, with amaebold movements." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Aurelia

"Gelatinous substance of the disc of Aurelia, showing-a, fibrous trabeculae, and b, wandering endoderm…

"Section of Bamboo, showing an angular network of cells, and the round apertures of pitted vessels." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

Bamboo

"Section of Bamboo, showing an angular network of cells, and the round apertures of pitted vessels."…

"The term battery is applied either to a single jar, or cell, containing the generating materials, or to a number of such cells conected togehter by electric conductors; the latter being the more proper use of the term, though the former use is common." -Atkinson 1903

Battery

"The term battery is applied either to a single jar, or cell, containing the generating materials, or…

"A type of battery used to produce electricity.." -Comstock 1850

Galvanic Battery

"A type of battery used to produce electricity.." -Comstock 1850

"An egg, four larvae, and two pupae of the honey bee in their cells." &mdash;Davison, 1906

Bee Larva

"An egg, four larvae, and two pupae of the honey bee in their cells." —Davison, 1906

"The hexagonal cells for the honey are build upon precisely that mathematical angle which affords the greatest amount of strength with the least waste of material." &mdash Goodrich, 1859

Cells of Honey Bees

"The hexagonal cells for the honey are build upon precisely that mathematical angle which affords the…

"Portion of the body-wall of Hydra, showing ectoderm cells above, separated by "structureless lamelia" from three flagellate endoderm cells below. The latter are vacnolated, and contain each a nucleus and several dark granules. In the middle ectoderm cell are seen a nucleus and three nematocysts, with trigger hairs projecting beyond the cuticle. A large nematocyst with everted thread, is seen in the right-hand ectodermal cell." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Body-wall

"Portion of the body-wall of Hydra, showing ectoderm cells above, separated by "structureless lamelia"…

"Wherever nerve cells are abundant, the nerve tissue has a gray color; in other places, it looks white. Most of the gray matter of the brain is on the surface." — Blaisedell, 1904

Nerve Cells of the Brain

"Wherever nerve cells are abundant, the nerve tissue has a gray color; in other places, it looks white.…

"Transverse section of an open fibro-vascular bundle. c, cambium; cb, continuation of cambium between the fibro-vascular bundles; g, large pitted vessels; t, smaller pitted vessels and spiral vessels intermixed with wood-cells; y, inner phloem layers; bm bast fibers; m is the parenchyma of the pith; r, is the cortical parenchyma. Immediately external to the bark lies the bundle sheath of cells filled with starch." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

Cambium

"Transverse section of an open fibro-vascular bundle. c, cambium; cb, continuation of cambium between…

"Blood plasma passing out of capillary to feed the body cells." &mdash;Davison, 1910

Capillaries

"Blood plasma passing out of capillary to feed the body cells." —Davison, 1910

"In a general what we may describe a cell as a tiny mass of jelly in which floats another still smaller mass of slightly different composition, called the <em>nucleus</em> of the larger one."

Cell

"In a general what we may describe a cell as a tiny mass of jelly in which floats another still smaller…

Three stages in the development of a cell from a spinal ganglion.

Development of Cell from Spinal Ganglion

Three stages in the development of a cell from a spinal ganglion.

Modes of cell reproduction. A, B, and C, stages in the reproduction of the Infusorian, Colpoda, by the breaking up of the protoplasm to form numerous cells. A, encysted stage; B, protoplasm escaping, spores partly formed; C, spores completely separated; D, budding in Chlamydomyxa, a lowly Rhizopod. b, bud; cw., cell wall; m, mother cell; n, nuclear matter; s, spores.

Cell Reproduction

Modes of cell reproduction. A, B, and C, stages in the reproduction of the Infusorian, Colpoda, by the…

Diagram showing the structure of an animal cell.

Animal Cell

Diagram showing the structure of an animal cell.

A typical cell consists of two portions, one, te firmer, forming an excessively delicate meshwork enclosing its cavities the second more fluid part. Therefore, when highly mangnified, the appearance would be essentialluy like a sponge fully saturated with water. The protoplasm the sponge work, and possibly the fluid part is living and both are transparent.

Typical amimal cell

A typical cell consists of two portions, one, te firmer, forming an excessively delicate meshwork enclosing…

Blood cell function is to transport nutrients and oxygen to the cells; wastes and carbon dioxide to the organs responsible for their removal or breakdown; and also to defend the body against bacteria, viruses, and other organisms.

Blood cell

Blood cell function is to transport nutrients and oxygen to the cells; wastes and carbon dioxide to…

An illustration of Bussen's cell.

Bussen's Cell

An illustration of Bussen's cell.

"Simple Daniell cell for closed circuit work." &mdash; Hawkins, 1917

Daniell cell

"Simple Daniell cell for closed circuit work." — Hawkins, 1917

Diagram of a cell. Labels: p, protoplasm; n, nucleus; c, centrosome.

Cell, Diagram of

Diagram of a cell. Labels: p, protoplasm; n, nucleus; c, centrosome.

A cell containing an electrolyte in which an applied voltage causes a reaction to occur that would not occur otherwise such as the breakdown of water into hydrogen and oxygen

Electrolytic Cell

A cell containing an electrolyte in which an applied voltage causes a reaction to occur that would not…

An illustration of Bussen's cell.The Grove cell was an early electric primary cell named after its inventor, British chemist William Robert Grove, and consisted of a zinc anode in concentrated sulfuric acid and a platinum cathode in concentrated nitric acid, the two separated by a porous ceramic pot. The Grove cell was the favored power source of the early American telegraph system in the period 1840 - 1860 because it offered a high current output and higher voltage than the earlier Daniell cell (at 1.9 volts and 1.1 volts, respectively).

Grove Cell

An illustration of Bussen's cell.The Grove cell was an early electric primary cell named after its inventor,…

An illustration of the Minotto cell.

Minotto Cell

An illustration of the Minotto cell.

Animal nerve cells are specialized cells called neurons. Figure 1C is a nerve cell with parts of its fiber.

Nerve Cell

Animal nerve cells are specialized cells called neurons. Figure 1C is a nerve cell with parts of its…

"Porous or pitted cell from the Mistleto." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

Pitted Cell

"Porous or pitted cell from the Mistleto." — Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

Animal cells lining the body lining the body cavity.

Cell Sections

Animal cells lining the body lining the body cavity.

Animal cells lining the windpipe.

Cell Sections

Animal cells lining the windpipe.

Animal cells section through the skin

Cell Sections

Animal cells section through the skin

An illustration of the Smee cell.

Smee Cell

An illustration of the Smee cell.

A voltaic cell.

Voltaic cell

A voltaic cell.

"Just as a head of water supplies a hydraulic pressure that causes the liquid to flow through a pipe in spite of friction, so there is an electrical pressure that forces a current through a conductor in spite of its resistance. The unit of electrical pressure is called the volt." &mdash; Avery, 1895

Voltaic cell

"Just as a head of water supplies a hydraulic pressure that causes the liquid to flow through a pipe…

Cells from the olfactory region of the rabbit. Labels: st, supporting cells; r, r', varieties of rod-cells; f, ciliated cell; s, cilia-like process; b, cells from Bowman's gland.

Cells from the Olfactory Region of a Rabbit

Cells from the olfactory region of the rabbit. Labels: st, supporting cells; r, r', varieties of rod-cells;…

Nerve cells are the second principal element for nervous tissue.

Nerve Cells

Nerve cells are the second principal element for nervous tissue.

Successive stages of mitosis or karyokinesis. A, B, C, D, and E illustrate the phenomena of the prophase; F those of the metaphase; G and H those of the anaphase; J, K, and L those of the telophase.

Reproduction of Cells

Successive stages of mitosis or karyokinesis. A, B, C, D, and E illustrate the phenomena of the prophase;…

"A, columnar cells found lining various parts of the intestines (called <em>columnar epthelium</em>); B, cells of a fusiform or spindle shape found in the loose tissue under the skin and in other parts (called <em>connective-tissue cells</em>); C, cell having many processes or projections - such are found in some kinds of connective tissue; D, primitive cells composed of protoplasm with nucleus, and having no cell wall." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Various forms of cells

"A, columnar cells found lining various parts of the intestines (called columnar epthelium);…

"Clostridium&mdash;one cell contains two spores." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Clostridium

"Clostridium—one cell contains two spores." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

"In the stomach, intestines and elsewhere the epithelial cell is obling in profile and is called columnar epithelium." &mdash; Richardson, 1906

Columnar Epithelium

"In the stomach, intestines and elsewhere the epithelial cell is obling in profile and is called columnar…

&quot;Ehrlich's diagrams illustrating the mechanism of immunity and cytolysis. The figures in black indicate substances with toxic action. d shows the amboceptor, while attached to the cell, uniting the complement to a large molecule.&quot; -Whitney, 1911

Cytolysis, Stage 4

"Ehrlich's diagrams illustrating the mechanism of immunity and cytolysis. The figures in black…

"Daniel gravity cell, 'crowfoot' pattern. this is a two fluid cell in which gravity instead of a prous cup is depended upon to keep the liquids separate. The two solutions consist of copper sulphate and diluted sulphuric acid, the elements being made of zinc and copper." -Hawkins, 1917

Daniel Cell

"Daniel gravity cell, 'crowfoot' pattern. this is a two fluid cell in which gravity instead of a prous…

The first two-fluid cell was incented by Daniell, and English electrician in 1836..." -Atkinson 1903

Daniel Cell

The first two-fluid cell was incented by Daniell, and English electrician in 1836..." -Atkinson 1903

"Diagram of a Diblastula. a, orifice of invagination (blastopore); b, archenteric cavity; c, endoderm; d, ectoderm." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Diblastula

"Diagram of a Diblastula. a, orifice of invagination (blastopore); b, archenteric cavity; c, endoderm;…

"Formation of the Diblastula of Eucope (one of the Calyptoblastic Hydromedusae) by delamination. A, B, C, three successive stages. ep, ectoderm; hy, endoderm; al, enteric cavity." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Diblastula

"Formation of the Diblastula of Eucope (one of the Calyptoblastic Hydromedusae) by delamination. A,…

"Edison cell, type RR. The electrolyte used is caustic soda, the positive element zinc, and the negative element copper oxide. The Edison cell is suitable for large stationary gas engine ignition, ralroad crossing signals, electroplating, fire alarms, telephone cicuits, etc." -Hawkins, 1917

Edison Cell

"Edison cell, type RR. The electrolyte used is caustic soda, the positive element zinc, and the negative…

"...is constructed with a plate of black oxide of copper suspended between two plates of zinc, and the fluid is a solution of caustic potash in water." -Atkinson 1903

Edison-Lalande Cell

"...is constructed with a plate of black oxide of copper suspended between two plates of zinc, and the…

"Vacnolated endoderm cells of eartilaginous consistence from the axis of the tentacle of a Medusa (Cunina)." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Endoderm Cell

"Vacnolated endoderm cells of eartilaginous consistence from the axis of the tentacle of a Medusa (Cunina)."…

"Epidermo-muscular cells of Hydra m, muscular-fiber processes." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Epiderm Cels

"Epidermo-muscular cells of Hydra m, muscular-fiber processes." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

"Vertical section of epidermis, from the lower surface of the leaf of Madder, showing the intimate union of the spidermal cells e, the loose subjacent parenchyma p, with intercellular canals m, and lacuna l; s, stoma." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

Epidermis

"Vertical section of epidermis, from the lower surface of the leaf of Madder, showing the intimate union…

"A, columnar cells of intestine; B, polyhedral cells of the conjuctiva; C, ciliated conical cells of the trachea; D, ciliated cell of frog's mothl E, inverted conical cell of the trachea; F, squamous cell of the cavity of the mouth, seen on its broad surface; G, squamous cell, seen edgeways." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Various kinds of epithelial cells

"A, columnar cells of intestine; B, polyhedral cells of the conjuctiva; C, ciliated conical cells of…

"Mosaic appearance of epithelium." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Epithelium

"Mosaic appearance of epithelium." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

"Stratified epithelium." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Epithelium

"Stratified epithelium." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

"A ciliated epithelium cell." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Epithelium

"A ciliated epithelium cell." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

"A striated epithelium cell." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Epithelium

"A striated epithelium cell." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

"A ciliated cell with one large cilium." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Epithelium

"A ciliated cell with one large cilium." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893