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"The name of several classes of fungi. The best known is the common mushroom. It has a fleshy head, smooth or scaly on the upper surface, varying from white to tawny shades or brown. The gills on the under side of the head are at first pallid, changing slowly with the plant's growth to pink, purple and brown-black." — Beach, 1900

Mushroom

"The name of several classes of fungi. The best known is the common mushroom. It has a fleshy head,…

Agaricus campestris, the common edible Mushroom.

Mushroom

Agaricus campestris, the common edible Mushroom.

Section of cap and stalk.

Mushroom

Section of cap and stalk.

Minute portion of a section of a gill, showing some spore-bearing cells.

Mushroom

Minute portion of a section of a gill, showing some spore-bearing cells.

One of these gills, with its four spores.

Mushroom

One of these gills, with its four spores.

The agaricus mushroom has a dotted cap. These mushrooms may be used for medicinal purposes.

Agaricus Mushroom

The agaricus mushroom has a dotted cap. These mushrooms may be used for medicinal purposes.

The boletus mushroom has a thick bulbous stalk and cap lined with veins.

Boletus Mushroom

The boletus mushroom has a thick bulbous stalk and cap lined with veins.

The lycoperdon mushroom is a pear-shaped puff ball.

Lycoperdon Mushroom

The lycoperdon mushroom is a pear-shaped puff ball.

"Common Mushroom (Agaricus campestris). A, annulus; C, cortina; H, hymenium; M, mycelium; P, pileus; S, stipe; V, volva." -Whitney, 1911

Meadow Mushroom

"Common Mushroom (Agaricus campestris). A, annulus; C, cortina; H, hymenium; M, mycelium; P, pileus;…

Illustrated is a smut of oats. It is a type of fungus that effects cereals.

Smut of Oats

Illustrated is a smut of oats. It is a type of fungus that effects cereals.

An ear of smutted oats.

Smutted oats

An ear of smutted oats.

Illustrated is a dead peach branch. The branch is dead due to the effects of the monilia funugs.

Peach Branch

Illustrated is a dead peach branch. The branch is dead due to the effects of the monilia funugs.

Illustrated are the effects of leaf-curl fungus on peach foliage.

Peach Foliage

Illustrated are the effects of leaf-curl fungus on peach foliage.

Brown-rot, healthy peach above, diseased below

Healthy and diseased peaches

Brown-rot, healthy peach above, diseased below

"Under the power of about 90 diameters the general character of the peridia is seen. They are densely aggregated, elongated, submerged, pale-brown, irregularly torn. The sporidia are copius...Nos. 1 and 2, indicate the general points of growth of this fungus. I find frequently on the leaf-ribs and terminal points of the leaves, and very often dispersed over the smooth parts of the leaf; sometimes, although rarely, the peridia are on the upper surface which, when matured, resembles net work. At the juncture of the leaf (see 4) the cells of the peridia are nearly round, at 5, oblong. From 3 to 4 the cellular structure is of light Vandyke brown; at 5, a pale yellow...6 represents the appearance of the peridia as see by the naked eye; 7, their general arrangements and their groupings on the leaves; 8, three cells, showing the parts of which the peridia are composed being magnified about 125 diameters." -Watts, 1874

Cellular structure of peridia

"Under the power of about 90 diameters the general character of the peridia is seen. They are densely…

Peronospora nivea is a type of fungus that is common upon the leaves, stems, and roots of wild umbelliferoe and also upon the garden carrot, parsley, and parsnip.

Peronospora Nivea

Peronospora nivea is a type of fungus that is common upon the leaves, stems, and roots of wild umbelliferoe…

Pictured are the cups(b), stalks (c), and portion of tissue of sclerotium (sc) of the peziza ciboroides fungus.

Peziza Ciboroides

Pictured are the cups(b), stalks (c), and portion of tissue of sclerotium (sc) of the peziza ciboroides…

Peziza postuma is a funugs. A shows a small specimen with two cups on slender stalks. B represents a cup cut lengthwise. C represents a section of half a cup. D shows two asci. And SC shows an oval sclerotium.

Peziza Postuma

Peziza postuma is a funugs. A shows a small specimen with two cups on slender stalks. B represents a…

Phytophthora infestans is known as the potato disease fungus. This is the fungus that caused massive failures of potato crops in Europe in 1845.

Phytophthora Infestans

Phytophthora infestans is known as the potato disease fungus. This is the fungus that caused massive…

"It is not unusual to fine a decayed spot in the center of potatoes otherwise apparently in good condition. A microscopic examination a portion of the diseased part will show that the decay commenced where the vascular bundles concentrate. At that point the air is in greater volume than elsewhere. Although these mineral acids and caustic alkalies dissolve starch granuals, they do not affect the cellulose cells which contain the starch. When such spots are exposed to the atmosphere the fungus blue-mold forms on the surface. This disease, therefore, has not relation to potato-rot, as ordinarily understood. f represents the mycelium (roots) of blue-mold, Penicillium glaucum, and G that of potato-rot, Peronospora infestans." -Watts, 1874

Potato Diseases at a Microscopic Level

"It is not unusual to fine a decayed spot in the center of potatoes otherwise apparently in good condition.…

Pictured is a potato leaf that has been attacked by phytophthora infestans. Phytophthora infestans is a fungus commonly known as the potato disease fungus. Brown spots appear on the leaves. The lower surface of the spot bears a thin, whitish coating.

Potato Leaf Attacked by Phytophthora Infestans

Pictured is a potato leaf that has been attacked by phytophthora infestans. Phytophthora infestans is…

Illustration of a potato infested with Peronospora infestans also known as 'potato-rot' observed from a microscopic level.

Potato rot

Illustration of a potato infested with Peronospora infestans also known as 'potato-rot' observed from…

Illustration of a seed-potato.

seed-potato

Illustration of a seed-potato.

A fungal disease that affects potato plants. It causes small lesions on the plant, eventually killing them.

Early Blight of Potatoes

A fungal disease that affects potato plants. It causes small lesions on the plant, eventually killing…

"Fungi are either parasitic or, what is much the same thing, saprophytic– i. e., dependant upon decaying organic matter for food. The fungi are many of them a trouble in agriculture, causing corn, hop, and vine mildew, potato disease, and also salmon disease; others, like the mushroom, are saprophytes."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Rafflesia Harrelli

"Fungi are either parasitic or, what is much the same thing, saprophytic– i. e., dependant upon…

Sphaeria rosella

Rosella

Sphaeria rosella

Sometimes known as Brown Rot, Monilinia fructigena is a plant pathogen. "Sclerotinia fructigena. a, the conidial form known as Monilia." -Whitney, 1911

Brown Rot

Sometimes known as Brown Rot, Monilinia fructigena is a plant pathogen. "Sclerotinia fructigena. a,…

Also known as Puccinia graminis. This fungus is a significant detriment to cereal crops. It is currently spreading across Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. This image depicts a a spore of the fungus germinating and producing Sporidia on the tips of small stalks.

Stem Rust

Also known as Puccinia graminis. This fungus is a significant detriment to cereal crops. It is currently…

"Fungi are either parasitic or, what is much the same thing, saprophytic– i. e., dependant upon decaying organic matter for food. The fungi are many of them a trouble in agriculture, causing corn, hop, and vine mildew, potato disease, and also salmon disease; others, like the mushroom, are saprophytes."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Scybalium Fungiforme

"Fungi are either parasitic or, what is much the same thing, saprophytic– i. e., dependant upon…

"Shaggy-mane (Coprinus comatus) a, young specimen; b, section through a specimen older than a." -Whitney, 1911

Shaggy Mane

"Shaggy-mane (Coprinus comatus) a, young specimen; b, section through a specimen older than a." -Whitney,…

"An ear of wheat with smut, a disease of corn caused by fungi."—Finley, 1917

Ear of wheat with smut

"An ear of wheat with smut, a disease of corn caused by fungi."—Finley, 1917

A germinating spore of smut, a fungus that effects corn crops.

Germinating spore of smut

A germinating spore of smut, a fungus that effects corn crops.

The Split Gill mushroom (Schizophyllum commune): "a, Schizophyllum alneum; b, gills, or lamellae, enlarged; c, cross-section of pileus showing split and revolute lamellae." -Whitney, 1911

Split Gill

The Split Gill mushroom (Schizophyllum commune): "a, Schizophyllum alneum; b, gills, or lamellae, enlarged;…

Spore of a bread fungus mold

Bread Fungus Mold Spore

Spore of a bread fungus mold

"Germinating spore, with secondary spores or conidia."—Finley, 1917

Germinating spore

"Germinating spore, with secondary spores or conidia."—Finley, 1917

"Two secondary spores joined"—Finley, 1917

Joined spores

"Two secondary spores joined"—Finley, 1917

"The maple spot gall, so common on the leaves of the red maple, is made by the fungus-gnat of the order Diptera." — Davison, 1906

Maple spot gall

"The maple spot gall, so common on the leaves of the red maple, is made by the fungus-gnat of the order…

Illustrated in a stem of young pine attacked by peridermium pini. Peridermium pini is a fungus that almost always grows on trees young twenty years old. The fungus ultimately kills the branches.

Stem of Young Pine Attached by Peridermium Pini

Illustrated in a stem of young pine attacked by peridermium pini. Peridermium pini is a fungus that…

Pictured are pileus, openings of spore bearing tubes, and the bark of fir tree. Trametes pini is a fungus that grows on fir trees.

Trametes Pini

Pictured are pileus, openings of spore bearing tubes, and the bark of fir tree. Trametes pini is a fungus…

Inside of the broken limb, showing the decay that entered.

Inside the Tree Limb

Inside of the broken limb, showing the decay that entered.

A tree, which has been blown over due to a rotten trunk

A Tree, Blown Over

A tree, which has been blown over due to a rotten trunk

The decayed hole where a limb was removed. The wood-destroying fungi caused the tree to break.

A Hole in a Tree

The decayed hole where a limb was removed. The wood-destroying fungi caused the tree to break.

A long stub left in pruning. The wound cannot heal. The tape shows how far the trunk is hollow. The tree will soon blow over.

Stub of a Limb of a Tree

A long stub left in pruning. The wound cannot heal. The tape shows how far the trunk is hollow. The…

A longitudinal section of of smutted wheat.

Smutted wheat

A longitudinal section of of smutted wheat.

Pictured is the stem of a white pine tree attacked by the white pine blister-rust fungus, <I>Cronartium ribicola</I>. Illustrated is the fruiting stage in the process of rupturing the bark.

White Pine Tree Stem with Fungus

Pictured is the stem of a white pine tree attacked by the white pine blister-rust fungus, Cronartium…

"Amanita is a genus of fungi, nearly allied to the mushrooms. Several of the species are edible, notably the delicious orange (A. c&aelig;sarea), but the majority are poisonous."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Young Amanita

"Amanita is a genus of fungi, nearly allied to the mushrooms. Several of the species are edible, notably…

"Zygospore from two conidia conjoined."&mdash;Finley, 1917

Zygospore

"Zygospore from two conidia conjoined."—Finley, 1917