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This illustration of alpine gardening shows good rock work in a cool and protected place.

Alpine Gardening

This illustration of alpine gardening shows good rock work in a cool and protected place.

This is a type of bedding design. This is a design for a nursery for rose trees and shrubs.

Arrangement of Nursery for Rose Trees and Shrubs

This is a type of bedding design. This is a design for a nursery for rose trees and shrubs.

This is a type of bedding designed for a nursery for rose trees and shrubs.

Arrangement of Nursery for Rose Trees and Shrubs

This is a type of bedding designed for a nursery for rose trees and shrubs.

Portable barrel outfit used to spray insecticide

Barrel

Portable barrel outfit used to spray insecticide

A barrow outfit used to spray insecticide

Barrow

A barrow outfit used to spray insecticide

Some blades, such as the first two, are made with a rounded point to cut the bark without the knife entering the wood underneath. The middle two knives are made with the edge of the knife carrying to a point and are used for ordinary purposes. The last knife has a piece of ivory inserted for opening the bark.

Budding Knives

Some blades, such as the first two, are made with a rounded point to cut the bark without the knife…

Canker-worm on a plant

Canker-worm

Canker-worm on a plant

Carpet bedding has small plots. These plots are geometrically arranged in multi-colored beds.

Carpet Bedding Design

Carpet bedding has small plots. These plots are geometrically arranged in multi-colored beds.

"Cleft-grafting is another method in common use. The stock a is cleft down from the horizontal cut d, and the scion, when cut to a thin wedge form, as shown at c and e, is inserted into the cleft; the whole is then bound up and clayed as in the former case. This is not so goood a plan as wip-grafting; it is improved by sloping the stock on one side to the size of the graft." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Cleft-Grafting

"Cleft-grafting is another method in common use. The stock a is cleft down from the horizontal cut d,…

A framed box used to protect plants

Coldframe

A framed box used to protect plants

Coldframe against a hedge, and protected by straw mats.

Coldframe

Coldframe against a hedge, and protected by straw mats.

A portable coldframe

Portable Coldframe

A portable coldframe

A portable coldframe

Coldframe

A portable coldframe

A portable coldframe

Coldframe

A portable coldframe

A small coldframe

Small Coldframe

A small coldframe

"[Pot covers] will hide the pot and give it a very neat appearance, without inerfering with the side drainage in any way."—Heinrich, 1887

Pot Cover

"[Pot covers] will hide the pot and give it a very neat appearance, without inerfering with the side…

"Crown-grafting is preferable to cleft-grafting, inasmuch as it leaves no open spaces in the wood. The stock b is cut off horizontally or nearly so, and a slit is then cut in the bark f, f, a wedge-shaped piece of ivory being inserted to raise the bark; the scion is then cut to the same wedge-shaped form g, h, and inserted in the space opened for it between the albumen and the bark, after which it is tied down and clayed over in the manner already described." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Crown-Grafting

"Crown-grafting is preferable to cleft-grafting, inasmuch as it leaves no open spaces in the wood. The…

A man cultivating

Cultivating

A man cultivating

"A special contrivance for a cutting pot was brought into notice many years ago by Mr. A. Forsyth. A smaller pot was put into a larger one, the hole at the bottom being closed with clay a; the bottom of the outer pot is filled with crocks b, so that the small pot is brought up to the level of the larger one; and the space between the two pots c is filled with propagating soil, the cuttings being so planted that their ends rest against the sides of the inner pot, which is then filled with water, and this passing slowly through the sides of the pots, just keeps the soil moistened." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Cutting Pot

"A special contrivance for a cutting pot was brought into notice many years ago by Mr. A. Forsyth. A…

A portable barrel outfit, called a Deming kerosene emulsion knapsack used to spray insecticide

Deming

A portable barrel outfit, called a Deming kerosene emulsion knapsack used to spray insecticide

This illustration represents a border or long piece of ground that can be marked out permanently with tiles, stones, or pebbles and filled in with sand or gravel. Each number represents a type of plant to be grown.

Design for Bedding

This illustration represents a border or long piece of ground that can be marked out permanently with…

This type of bed is effective on grass or gravel. This design is most effecting on sloping ground.

Design for Bedding or Carpet Bedding

This type of bed is effective on grass or gravel. This design is most effecting on sloping ground.

Carpet bedding is a mode of gardening. The numbers indicate the way different colors should be arranged.

Design for Carpet Bedding

Carpet bedding is a mode of gardening. The numbers indicate the way different colors should be arranged.

A serviceable dibber.

Dibber

A serviceable dibber.

A home made packed dibber.

Dibber

A home made packed dibber.

Dibber and crow-bar combined.

Dibber

Dibber and crow-bar combined.

A barrel outfit, called an Eclipse barrel used to spray insecticide

Eclipse Barrel

A barrel outfit, called an Eclipse barrel used to spray insecticide

A portable barrel outfit, called an Eclipse knapsack used to spray insecticide

Eclipse Knapsack

A portable barrel outfit, called an Eclipse knapsack used to spray insecticide

A barrel outfit, called an Empire barrel used to spray insecticide

Empire Barrel

A barrel outfit, called an Empire barrel used to spray insecticide

"Sulphurators are instruments for distributing flowers of sulphur, for the purpose of destroying mildew. In the case of greenhouse plants, such as heaths, simply dusting with sulphur through a muslin bag or dredger is sufficient." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Epps's Sulphurator

"Sulphurators are instruments for distributing flowers of sulphur, for the purpose of destroying mildew.…

Espalier is the term applied to a mode of training fruit trees in the open ground. For a single tree a row of stakes about five feet high driven into the ground, about nine inches apart is the start. Then a narrow strip of wood is laid on the tops of the stakes and a nail is driven into each to hold it firmly.

Fruit-Tree Trained Upright as an Espalier

Espalier is the term applied to a mode of training fruit trees in the open ground. For a single tree…

A portable barrel outfit, called an Excelsior knapsack used to spray insecticide

Excelsior Knapsack

A portable barrel outfit, called an Excelsior knapsack used to spray insecticide

A window pot fence.

Window Pot Fence

A window pot fence.

This type of fork has four flattened prongs. It is ideal for ordinary kitchen garden work, such as lifting potatoes.

Flat-Tined Digging Fork

This type of fork has four flattened prongs. It is ideal for ordinary kitchen garden work, such as lifting…

"Selby's Flower Gatherer which cuts and holds the flower at the same time." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Flower Gatherer

"Selby's Flower Gatherer which cuts and holds the flower at the same time." — Encyclopedia Britannica,…

In flute budding a cylinder of bark is removed from the stock, and a piece of twig in a similar size is removed. The cylinder of bark is fitted into place and made airtight.

Flute-Budding

In flute budding a cylinder of bark is removed from the stock, and a piece of twig in a similar size…

The forcing of a hill

Forcing-hill

The forcing of a hill

Manure-heated forcing-house.

Forcing-House

Manure-heated forcing-house.

A method of making a coldframe.

Frame

A method of making a coldframe.

Fumigating a hotbed

Fumigating

Fumigating a hotbed

A portable barrel outfit, called a Galloway knapsack used to spray insecticide

Galloway Knapsack

A portable barrel outfit, called a Galloway knapsack used to spray insecticide

A portable barrel outfit, called a Garfield knapsack used to spray insecticide

Garfield Knapsack

A portable barrel outfit, called a Garfield knapsack used to spray insecticide

Lath tree guard

Guard

Lath tree guard

Wire and post tree guard

Guard

Wire and post tree guard

A hand-box which protects plants from wind and water running into it.

Hand-box

A hand-box which protects plants from wind and water running into it.

"A new instrument for clipping hedges, Ridgeway's hedge-cutter, does its work quickly and well; and the same can be said for Adie's new lawn-edging machine." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Hedge-Cutter

"A new instrument for clipping hedges, Ridgeway's hedge-cutter, does its work quickly and well; and…

A safe method of hitching a horse to a tree.

Hitching

A safe method of hitching a horse to a tree.

An instrument for cutting up weeds and lossening the earth.

Hoe

An instrument for cutting up weeds and lossening the earth.

Hollyhock rust on the under side of a leaf.

Hollyhock Rust

Hollyhock rust on the under side of a leaf.

The Horticultural Hall.

Horticultural Hall

The Horticultural Hall.

A hotbed with manure on top of the ground

Hotbed

A hotbed with manure on top of the ground

Parallel runs of hotbeds with racks for holding sashes.

Hotbeds

Parallel runs of hotbeds with racks for holding sashes.

Illustrated is an improvised ruin, a form of landscape gardening.

Improvised Ruin

Illustrated is an improvised ruin, a form of landscape gardening.

A nurseryman's wooden label

Label

A nurseryman's wooden label

Cornell tree label

Label

Cornell tree label

Zinc tree label

Label

Zinc tree label

A stem girdled by the label wire

Label

A stem girdled by the label wire

Layering is a method of plant propagation by which a part of the plant is bent down and covered with soil, so that it may emit roots before being separated from the parent plant. in some instances, it is sufficient to remove all buds from the shoot, with the exception of a few near its extremity, and to bend it and peg it down so that a part of its proximal end is buried beneath the soil. In others it is necessary partly to cut through the stem at the point where it is to be covered with soil.

Layering Method of Plant Propagation

Layering is a method of plant propagation by which a part of the plant is bent down and covered with…

"Many plans may be propagated by planting their leaves or portions of their leaves as cuttings, as, for example, the herbaceous Gloxinia (a) and Gesnera, the succulent Sempervivum, Echeveria, Pachyphytum, and their allies and such hard-leaved plants as Theophrasta (b). The leaves are best taken off with the base whole, and should be planted in well-drained sandy soil; in due time they form roots, and ultimately from some latent bud a little shoot which forms the young plant. The treatment is precisely like that of branch cuttings. Gloxinias, begonias, etc., grow readily from fragments of the leaves cut clean through the thick veins and ribs, and planted edgewise like cuttings. This class of subjects may also be fixed flat on the surface of the cutting pot, by means of little pegs or hooks, the main ribs being cut across at intervals, and from these points roots, and eventually young tubers, will be produced." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Leaf Cuttings

"Many plans may be propagated by planting their leaves or portions of their leaves as cuttings, as,…

"Many plans may be propagated by planting their leaves or portions of their leaves as cuttings, as, for example, the herbaceous Gloxinia (a) and Gesnera, the succulent Sempervivum, Echeveria, Pachyphytum, and their allies and such hard-leaved plants as Theophrasta (b). The leaves are best taken off with the base whole, and should be planted in well-drained sandy soil; in due time they form roots, and ultimately from some latent bud a little shoot which forms the young plant. The treatment is precisely like that of branch cuttings. Gloxinias, begonias, etc., grow readily from fragments of the leaves cut clean through the thick veins and ribs, and planted edgewise like cuttings. This class of subjects may also be fixed flat on the surface of the cutting pot, by means of little pegs or hooks, the main ribs being cut across at intervals, and from these points roots, and eventually young tubers, will be produced." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Leaf Cuttings

"Many plans may be propagated by planting their leaves or portions of their leaves as cuttings, as,…