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A simple pistil or one of the parts of a compoud pistil.

Carpel

A simple pistil or one of the parts of a compoud pistil.

Leaflets fewer and large, usually 9; tree not thorny.

Carya

Leaflets fewer and large, usually 9; tree not thorny.

The branch of a Castanopsis chrysophylla, a species of beech tree.

Branch of Castanopsis Chrysophylla

The branch of a Castanopsis chrysophylla, a species of beech tree.

Leaves - simple; opposite; edge entire. Outline - broad egg-shape or heart-shape. Apex - pointed. Base - heart-shape. Leaf - five to eight inches wide; smooth above, downy below, especially on the ribs. Bark - of trunk, a silver-gray, only slightly furrowed. Flowers - very showy and fragrant, in large, upright pyramid-shaped clusters; white or violet-tinged, spotted inside with yellow and purple. July. Fruit - in long, rounded pods (six to twelve inches long, about half an inch in diameter), with the seeds winged and fringed. They often remain throughout the winter. October. Found - new very widely naturalized throughout the Middle and Southern Atlantic States, though formerly a rare and local Southern tree. General Information - A low, very ornamental tree, usually twenty to thirty feet high. Its seeds and bark are considered medicinal. Another species, C. speciosa, Ward, larger and of more value, is sometimes met with in Southern Illinois and the adjoining States. Catalpa is probably a corruption of the Indian word Catawba, which was the name of an important tribe that occupied a large part of Georgia and the Carolinas.

Genus Catalpa, Scop., Walt. (Catalpa)

Leaves - simple; opposite; edge entire. Outline - broad egg-shape or heart-shape. Apex - pointed. Base…

Illustrated are leaflets of cedrela and ailanthus. The credrela leaflet is on the right.

Cedrela and Ailanthus Leaflets

Illustrated are leaflets of cedrela and ailanthus. The credrela leaflet is on the right.

The branch of a Celtis mississippiensis tree, native to the limestone hills in the United States.

Branch of Celtis Mississippiensis

The branch of a Celtis mississippiensis tree, native to the limestone hills in the United States.

Leaves toothed; veins of leaf irregular.

Centella

Leaves toothed; veins of leaf irregular.

"Cephalotus follicularis, showing ordinary leaves and pitchers, the right hand one cut open to show internal structure." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Cephalotus

"Cephalotus follicularis, showing ordinary leaves and pitchers, the right hand one cut open to show…

Submerged leaves whorled; leaflets minutely toothed on one edge.

Ceratophyllum

Submerged leaves whorled; leaflets minutely toothed on one edge.

"Chailletia pedunculata. 1. a flower of Moacurra gelonioides; 2. a portion of it; 3. a stamen; 4. the pistil; 5. a vertical section of it; 6. ripe fruit; 7. a section of it; 8. an embryo." -Lindley, 1853

Chailletia

"Chailletia pedunculata. 1. a flower of Moacurra gelonioides; 2. a portion of it; 3. a stamen; 4. the…

This rustic chair was carved out of a oak wood. It has a vine and leaf design all around the chair.

Rustic Chair

This rustic chair was carved out of a oak wood. It has a vine and leaf design all around the chair.

Plant body made up of stems bearing whorled, brittle branches.

Chara

Plant body made up of stems bearing whorled, brittle branches.

Also known as Quercus prinus. The branch of a Chestnut Oak tree, native to the eastern United States.

Branch of Chestnut Oak

Also known as Quercus prinus. The branch of a Chestnut Oak tree, native to the eastern United States.

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge coarsely and evenly wavy-toothed. Outline - reverse egg-shape or sometimes oval. Apex - blunt-pointed. Base - rounded or slightly pointed, and often somewhat unequal. Leaf - four to seven inches long, two to four inches wide; smooth above, paler and downy beneath. Teeth - twelve to twenty-six, decreasing evenly and uniformly to the apex. Bark - of trunk, gray; furrowed up and down with continuous and often very deep furrows, with sharp ridges between. Acorns - usually in pairs on a stem about one half of an inch long, or often shorter. Cup - rounded or somewhat top-shaped, with minute scales, or warty. Nut - usually long egg-shape or long oval; one to one and one fourth inches long; brown; about one third covered by the cup; sweet. September, October. Found - from Eastern Massachusetts to New York, southward to Delaware, along the Alleghany Mountains to Alabama and westward to Central Kentucky and Tennessee. General Information - A tree forth to seventy feet in height, with strong, hard wood, largely used in fencing, or railroad ties, etc.; of less value than that of the White Oak. Its bark is very rich in tannin. Quercus, possible from a Celtic word meaning to inquire, because it was among the oaks that the Druids oftenest practised their rites.

Genus Quercus, L. (Oak)

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge coarsely and evenly wavy-toothed. Outline - reverse egg-shape or sometimes…

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge sharp-toothed with the teeth bristle-pointed and the hollows between rounded. Outline - very narrow oval. Apex - taper-pointed. Base - taper-pointed. Leaf - four to eight inches long, two to three inches wide; smooth above and below; with straight ribs terminating in the bristle-teeth. Bark - of trunk grayish and in young trees very smooth. Fruit - with large bristly husks. Usually there are two or three nuts pressed closely in each cell, and therefore flat on one or both sides. The nut, though smaller, is sweeter and more delicate than in the European variety, the "Spanish Chestnut." Found - from Southern Maine to Delaware and Southern Indiana; southward along the Alleghany Mountains and west to Middle Kentucky and Tennessee. Its finest growth is on the western slopes of the southern Alleghany Mountains. General Information - A tree fifty to eight feet high or more, with light, soft wood, largely used in cabinet-work, for railway ties, posts. etc. Genus Castanea, L. from the name of a town in Thessaly.

Genus Castanea, L. (Chestnut)

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge sharp-toothed with the teeth bristle-pointed and the hollows between…

Leaflets wider, toothed; plants pernnial.

Cicuta

Leaflets wider, toothed; plants pernnial.

Minutely ciliate.

Cilliate

Minutely ciliate.

A plants whoes bark is used in the pharmacy.

Chinocha

A plants whoes bark is used in the pharmacy.

Spikelets with the uppermost scale only enclosing an achene; our commonest species has saw-edged. cutting leaves.

Cladium

Spikelets with the uppermost scale only enclosing an achene; our commonest species has saw-edged. cutting…

The contracted stalk-like base of a petal.

Claw

The contracted stalk-like base of a petal.

Clematis illustration showing leaf stalks modified as tendrils.

Clematis

Clematis illustration showing leaf stalks modified as tendrils.

Sepals copiously pubescent; fruit a subglobose, valved capsule, leaves cuneate.

Clethra

Sepals copiously pubescent; fruit a subglobose, valved capsule, leaves cuneate.

Flower clusters terminal, fruit winged.

Cliftonia

Flower clusters terminal, fruit winged.

Leaf of Climbing Mikania.

Leaf of Climbing Mikania

Leaf of Climbing Mikania.

Also known as Quercus agrifolia. The branch of a Coast Live Oak, native to the California Floristic Province.

Branch of Coast Live Oak

Also known as Quercus agrifolia. The branch of a Coast Live Oak, native to the California Floristic…

Also known as Quercus dumosa. The branch of a Coastal Sage Scrub Oak tree, native to Mexico and California.

Branch of Coastal Sage Scrub Oak

Also known as Quercus dumosa. The branch of a Coastal Sage Scrub Oak tree, native to Mexico and California.

A branch of a Coccoloba laurifolia tree.

Branch of Coccoloba Laurifolia

A branch of a Coccoloba laurifolia tree.

Also known as Crataegus crus-galli. The branch of a Cockspur Thorn shrub, native to eastern North America.

Branch of Cockspur Thorn

Also known as Crataegus crus-galli. The branch of a Cockspur Thorn shrub, native to eastern North America.

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge, sharply toothed above; entire below. Outline - reverse egg-shape. Apex - usually rounded, sometimes pointed. Base - tapering to a point, quite variable. Leaf/Stem - short. Leaf - one to two and a half inches long, half to three quarters as wide; dark green; thick, smooth, very shining above. Thorns - two to three inches long, rather slender and straight. Flowers - white; fragrant; in bunches of about fifteen blossoms, on very short side branchlets. June. Fruit - about one third inch in diameter; pear-shaped or round; red remaining on the three during the winter. Found - along the St. Lawrence and westward, and from Vermont, southward and westward; not common. General Information - A small, thick-branching tree, ten to twenty feet high. It is the best species of thorn for hedges. Var. pyracanthifolia has a somewhat narrower leaf and longer leaf stem. From a Greek word meaning strength.

Genus Crataegus, L. (Thorn)

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge, sharply toothed above; entire below. Outline - reverse egg-shape.…

"Many columns have capitals representing palm leaves." —D'Anvers, 1895

Capital of a column

"Many columns have capitals representing palm leaves." —D'Anvers, 1895

"Flower-stock, Leaves, and cluster of Berries of the Common Elder (Sambucus nigra)." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Common Elder

"Flower-stock, Leaves, and cluster of Berries of the Common Elder (Sambucus nigra)." — Chambers'…

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge unevenly sharp-toothed above the middle; sometimes, toward the apex deeply cut. Outline - reverse egg-shape. Apex - usually slightly pointed. Base - strongly wedge-shape, tapering from above the middle of the leaf and along the leaf-stem to a point. Leaf/Stem - one half to one inch long, slender, and winged by a tapering leaf. Leaf - one and a half to two and a half inches long; about as wide; light green; rather thick; downy when young; when mature, smooth and dull, or sometimes hairy below, especially of the ribs. Ribs, very straight below; above, marked by deep furrows. Thorns - one to two inches long, stout and curved, or often wanting. Bark - rough. Flowers - white; eight to fifteen in somewhat leafy bunches. May. Fruit - about one half inch in diameter, or more; usually dull red or yellow, with whitish dots; round; somewhat edible. September. Found - from New Brunswick and Vermont southward and westward. General Information - A thick, wide spreading tree, twelve to twenty-five feet high. From a Greek word meaning strength.

Genus Crataegus, L. (Thorn)

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge unevenly sharp-toothed above the middle; sometimes, toward the apex…

Composed of two or more similar parts united to form one whole; for instance, a leaf.

Compound

Composed of two or more similar parts united to form one whole; for instance, a leaf.

This illustration shows two types of compound leaves derived from the circular type: 7. palmately compound; 8. cleft orbicular.

Compound Leaves Derived from the Circular Type

This illustration shows two types of compound leaves derived from the circular type: 7. palmately compound;…

This illustration shows two compound leaves derived from the elliptical type: 11, 12. bipinnate.

Compound Leaves Derived from the Elliptical Type

This illustration shows two compound leaves derived from the elliptical type: 11, 12. bipinnate.

This shows a conduplicate leaf.

Conduplicate Leaf

This shows a conduplicate leaf.

Also known as Rudbeckia pinnata. The flowers have drooping yellow petals and can grow up to 5 ft in height. The leaves are a dull green and thin with toothed edges.

Grey-Headed Coneflower

Also known as Rudbeckia pinnata. The flowers have drooping yellow petals and can grow up to 5 ft in…

This shows a convolute leaf.

Convolute Leaf

This shows a convolute leaf.

"Convolvulus: a, part of stem with leaves and flower; b, a flower-stalk and flower, the corolla and stamens removed." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Convolvulus

"Convolvulus: a, part of stem with leaves and flower; b, a flower-stalk and flower, the corolla and…

Heart-shaped with the tip forward.

Cordate

Heart-shaped with the tip forward.

Flowers few, showy, pinkish purple.

Coreopsis

Flowers few, showy, pinkish purple.

A hard, bulb-like base of a stem.

Corm

A hard, bulb-like base of a stem.

"Cornel: a, a branch with leaves and fruit; b, a single flower." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Cornel

"Cornel: a, a branch with leaves and fruit; b, a single flower." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

The inner circle of flower parts: made up of petals which are often colored and showy.

Corolla

The inner circle of flower parts: made up of petals which are often colored and showy.

Tubular structure formed by united petals.

Corolla-Tube

Tubular structure formed by united petals.

This illustration shows the colored leaves of 'Cornus florida', surrounding the small flowers and rendering the flower head conspicuous.

Colored Leaves of 'Cornus florida'

This illustration shows the colored leaves of 'Cornus florida', surrounding the small flowers and rendering…

A type of flower cluster with a flat top.

Corymb

A type of flower cluster with a flat top.

This shows the staminate aments of the cottonwood, Populus deltoides (Keeler, 1915).

Cottonwood Flowers

This shows the staminate aments of the cottonwood, Populus deltoides (Keeler, 1915).

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge somewhat irregularly toothed. Outline - broad egg-shape (approaching triangular-shape). Apex - long, taper-pointed. Base - squared, slightly hollowed, or slightly pointed. Leaf/Stem - long and slender and much compressed sidewise. Leaf - two to three and a half inches long (much larger on young shoots); length and width nearly the same; smooth; ribs distinct and whitish on both sides, irregular, and branching. Bark - of trunk, light "granite-gray," smooth on young trunks, becoming somewhat rough with age, and with rounded up-and-down furrows. New and vigorous shoots are green, and marked with short white or brownish lines. Seeds - covered with a white, cotton-like fibre. Found - from Western New England southward to Western Florida, westward to the Rocky Mountains. The common "cottonwood" of the West, bordering all streams flowing east from the Rocky Mountains. General Information - A tree eighty to one hundred feet high. The very light and soft wood is largely used in making paper pulp, for light boxes, and for fuel. Experiments have been made in separating and weaving the cottony fibre of the poplar seeds. It can be manufactured into cloth, but not in paying quantity and quality.

Genus Populus, L. (Aspen, Poplar)

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge somewhat irregularly toothed. Outline - broad egg-shape (approaching…

"Moquileae canomensis. 1. a flower; 2. an ovary; 3. a perpendicular section of the last; 4. a fruit; 5. a kernel." -Lindley, 1853

Couepia

"Moquileae canomensis. 1. a flower; 2. an ovary; 3. a perpendicular section of the last; 4. a fruit;…

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge distinctly toothed when mature; sometimes near three-lobed Outline - egg-shape or oval Apex - pointed. Base - rounded or somewhat heart-shaped Leaf/Stem - one half to one inch long, very slender, downy Leaf - about two to three inches long, two thirds as wide, smooth. Flowers - large; rose-colored and white, in loose clusters of five to ten blossoms, and very fragrant. May. Fruit - round, one to one and a half inches in diameter; yellowish, fragrant, hard, and sour; fit only for preserving. Found - from Ontario to Western New York, Pennsylvania, and the District of Columbia; long the Alleghany Mountains, and westward. General Information - A small tree, ten to twenty feet high, rarely thirty feet, gaining its finest growth in the valleys of the lower Ohio. Often its presence is recognized before it is seen by means of the delightful fragrance of its blossoms.

Genus Pyrus L. (Apple, Mt. Ash)

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge distinctly toothed when mature; sometimes near three-lobed Outline…

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge strongly and somewhat unevenly toothed, the teeth thickened and their points slightly incurved so as to appear somewhat blunted. Outline - narrow lance-shape. Apex - taper-pointed. Base - taper-pointed. Leaf/Stem - smooth, with two small warts on the upper side near the base of the leaf. Leaf - about five or six inches long, about seven eighths of an inch wide; dark and smooth above; lighter and smooth below (slightly silky when young). Branches - smooth, shining, and greenish; very brittle at the base, cracking off almost "at a touch." Introduced - from Europe. General Information - A tree sometimes sixty to eighty feet high, with a bush head and irregular branches. Its withes are used for basket-work. "The greene willow boughes with the leaves may vary well be brought into chambers and set about the beds of those that be sicke of agues, for they do mightily coole the heate of the aire, which thing is a wonderfull refreshing to the sicke patients." -- Gerardes' Herbal. Salix from two Celtic words meaning "near" and "water."

Genus Salix, L. (Willow)

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge strongly and somewhat unevenly toothed, the teeth thickened and their…

"Cranberry (Vaccinium palustris): a, part of stem and branches, with roots, leaves, and flowers; b, a berry; c, transverse section of a berry." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Cranberry

"Cranberry (Vaccinium palustris): a, part of stem and branches, with roots, leaves, and flowers; b,…

Brances spiny; fruit apple-like.

Crataegus

Brances spiny; fruit apple-like.

The branch of a Crataegus canbyi tree, native to North America.

Branch of Crataegus Canbyi

The branch of a Crataegus canbyi tree, native to North America.

Cresting ornament from Arundel Church in the Perpendicular style.

Cresting

Cresting ornament from Arundel Church in the Perpendicular style.

Flowers with free filaments.

Crinum

Flowers with free filaments.

Early French Gothic crocket.

Crocket

Early French Gothic crocket.

Flamboyant French Gothic crocket.

Crocket

Flamboyant French Gothic crocket.

Crocket from Wells Cathedral

Crocket

Crocket from Wells Cathedral