When the caliper cannot be removed from a thickness, a filler can be used. The distance must be subtracted from the total distance to obtain the desired thickness.

Caliper with Filler

When the caliper cannot be removed from a thickness, a filler can be used. The distance must be subtracted…

Inside calipers are used to measure hollow objects or internal holes.

Inside Caliper

Inside calipers are used to measure hollow objects or internal holes.

Outside calipers are used to measure solid objects.

Outside Caliper

Outside calipers are used to measure solid objects.

Transfer the caliper to a scale to receive measurement.

Reading the Inside Caliper

Transfer the caliper to a scale to receive measurement.

Transfer the caliper to a scale to receive measurement.

Reading the Outside Caliper

Transfer the caliper to a scale to receive measurement.

The transfer caliper is provided with a false leg which is set so that the caliper may be opened and then brought back to the same position after removing from the casting.

Transfer Caliper

The transfer caliper is provided with a false leg which is set so that the caliper may be opened and…

Vernier Caliper.

Vernier Caliper

Vernier Caliper.

Circle with 36 degree angles marked. This diagram can be used with the following trig problem: Locate the centers of the holes B and C by finding the distance each is to the right and above the center O. The radius of the circle is 1.5 inches. Compute correct to three decimal places.

Circle With 36 degree Angles and Radius 1.5 in.

Circle with 36 degree angles marked. This diagram can be used with the following trig problem: Locate…

Circle modeling the earth. O is the center of the earth, r the radius of the earth, and h the height of the point P above the surface; it is required to find the distance from the point P to the horizon at A.

Circle With Center o and Radius r with point P

Circle modeling the earth. O is the center of the earth, r the radius of the earth, and h the height…

Circle with chord AB=2 ft. and radius OA = 3 ft.. Triangle AOC is a right triangle. Angle AOC=half angle AOB, and the central angle AOB has the same measure as the arc AnB.

Circle With a Chord of 2 ft. and a Radius of 3 ft.

Circle with chord AB=2 ft. and radius OA = 3 ft.. Triangle AOC is a right triangle. Angle AOC=half angle…

An illustration of military personnel measuring close intervals.

Close Military Interval Measurement

An illustration of military personnel measuring close intervals.

Illustration of blueprint used by highway engineers to widen the pavement on the inside of the curve of a road.

Curve in Pavement of Road

Illustration of blueprint used by highway engineers to widen the pavement on the inside of the curve…

An illustration of military personnel measuring distance.

Military Distance Measurement

An illustration of military personnel measuring distance.

Inside Length of Furnace, 12 Feet.

Furnace

Inside Length of Furnace, 12 Feet.

A carpenter's tool used for guaging to a width.

Gauge

A carpenter's tool used for guaging to a width.

"Flint-Glass Manufactory." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Glass Manufactory

"Flint-Glass Manufactory." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

"Interior of a crown-glass house." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Glass Manufactory

"Interior of a crown-glass house." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Illustration of a hyperbola with distances to foci drawn. "The difference of the distances of any point from the foci of an hyperbola is greater than or less than 2a, according as the point is on the concave or convex side of the curve."

Foci Distance of Hyperbola

Illustration of a hyperbola with distances to foci drawn. "The difference of the distances of any point…

An illustration of military personnel measuring intervals.

Military Interval Measurement

An illustration of military personnel measuring intervals.

An illustration of a straight line with 5 points dividing it into 4 equal parts. Multiple of a given line.

Straight Line With Points Divided Into Equal Parts

An illustration of a straight line with 5 points dividing it into 4 equal parts. Multiple of a given…

Metric and English systems compared. 25 mm and 1 inch on respective rulers.

Metric and English Systems Compared

Metric and English systems compared. 25 mm and 1 inch on respective rulers.

"This will be understood [here] where the ray of light A B, proceeding from the eye, falls perpendicularly on the plane mirror B D. will be reflected back in the same line; but the ray C D coming from the feet, which falls obliquely on the mirror, will be reflected back under the same angle in the line D A; and since we see objects in the direction of the reflected rays, and the image appears at the same distance behind the mirror that is object is before it, we must continue the line A D to the feet, E, and for the same reason, the rays A B, from the eye, must be prolonged to F, as far behind the mirror as the line E extends, where the whole image will be represented." -Comstock 1850

Mirror Half the Length of the Object

"This will be understood [here] where the ray of light A B, proceeding from the eye, falls perpendicularly…

An illustration of military personnel measuring normal intervals.

Normal Military Interval Measurement

An illustration of military personnel measuring normal intervals.

Illustration showing a circle inscribed in a regular pentagon. Or, a regular pentagon circumscribed about a circle.

Regular Pentagon With Circle Inscribed

Illustration showing a circle inscribed in a regular pentagon. Or, a regular pentagon circumscribed…

Rectangle with dimensions labeled. Rectangle can be used to calculate area.

Rectangle With Dimensions

Rectangle with dimensions labeled. Rectangle can be used to calculate area.

An illustration of a rectangle with lengths a and b and area ab.

Rectangle with Lengths a and b with Area ab

An illustration of a rectangle with lengths a and b and area ab.

An illustration of composite rectangle with lengths a, b, and c with area ac + bc. This illustration represents the product of c(a+b).

Rectangle with Lengths a, b, and c with Areas ac and bc

An illustration of composite rectangle with lengths a, b, and c with area ac + bc. This illustration…

Roof with a slope of 30 degrees. Angle theta is the inclination to the horizontal of the line AB, drawn in the roof and making an angle of 35 degrees with the line of greatest slope.

Roof With 30 degree Inclination for Trigonometry Triangle Problems

Roof with a slope of 30 degrees. Angle theta is the inclination to the horizontal of the line AB, drawn…

Sawhorse used to length of legs.

Sawhorse

Sawhorse used to length of legs.

Two set squares, whose sides are 3,4, and 5 in., are placed so that their 4-in. sides and right angles coincide, and the angle between the 3-in. sides is 50 degrees. Theta, Ǝ is the angle between the longest sides.

Two Squares With Sides of Lengths 3,4,5 Placed at Right Angles to Each Other

Two set squares, whose sides are 3,4, and 5 in., are placed so that their 4-in. sides and right angles…

Illustration showing a survey on the lake front in Chicago with distances and angle measures shown.

Survey of Lake Front in Chicago

Illustration showing a survey on the lake front in Chicago with distances and angle measures shown.