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This figure represents an apparatus frequently employed for illustrating some of the consequences of Torricelli's Theorem.

Apparatus for verifying Torricelli's Theorem

This figure represents an apparatus frequently employed for illustrating some of the consequences of…

This four sided bottle is a rigid container. A glass bottle is a bottle created from glass. Glass bottles can vary in size considerably.

Four Sided Bottle

This four sided bottle is a rigid container. A glass bottle is a bottle created from glass. Glass bottles…

This figure represents a small centrifugal pump as mounted for use. The largest class of centrifugal pumps are usually immersed in the water to be pumped, and revolve horizontally.

Centrifugal pump

This figure represents a small centrifugal pump as mounted for use. The largest class of centrifugal…

A small overflow dam placed in concrete.

Cippoletti Weir Set in Concrete

A small overflow dam placed in concrete.

A clepsydra, which is a device used to draw liquid from places too large to part, and utilizes air pressure to transport liquid from one container to another.

Clepsydra

A clepsydra, which is a device used to draw liquid from places too large to part, and utilizes air pressure…

"As the liquid flows out of each orifice, each stream follows a parabolic path based upon pressure of the liquid inside the container. Orifices A and C are equidistant, thus reach the same point." —Quackenbos 1859

Course of Streams

"As the liquid flows out of each orifice, each stream follows a parabolic path based upon pressure of…

"The force-pump differs from others in having its piston solid, or without a valve, and also in having a side pipe with a valve opening outwards, through which the water is forced to any height required, or against any pressure that may oppose it." -Marshall

Steam-engine Force Pump

"The force-pump differs from others in having its piston solid, or without a valve, and also in having…

An illustration of a girl drinking from a cup.

Girl Drinking From Cup

An illustration of a girl drinking from a cup.

A pair of hands holding a glass tube filled with a dark liquid.

Hands with tube

A pair of hands holding a glass tube filled with a dark liquid.

"Determines the specific gravity of any given liquid. A hollow ball, C, rises to a graduated scale while the solid ball, B, keeps C vertically positioned." —Quackenbos 1859

Hydrometer

"Determines the specific gravity of any given liquid. A hollow ball, C, rises to a graduated scale while…

An image summarizing Pascal's law, which states that pressure of a liquid is equal in all directions provided that the pressure ratio is the same.

Pascal's Law

An image summarizing Pascal's law, which states that pressure of a liquid is equal in all directions…

The pressure at the bottom of an apparatus due to the weight of the liquid is dependent of the height of the liquid, not its shape. So, if an apparatus has a number of tubes, then the water in each tube will be the same height regardless of shape

Water Level

The pressure at the bottom of an apparatus due to the weight of the liquid is dependent of the height…

"A labratory liquid air machine used by Thomson and Joule used to cool hydrogen from a gaseous state to a liquid state." —The Encyclopedia Britannica 1910

Liquid Air Machine

"A labratory liquid air machine used by Thomson and Joule used to cool hydrogen from a gaseous state…

A conventional liquid symbol in cross hatching used in mechanical drawing.

Mechanical Drawing Cross Hatching of Liquid

A conventional liquid symbol in cross hatching used in mechanical drawing.

This apparatus illustrates the principle stating that liquids tend to find their own level.

Vessels in Communication

This apparatus illustrates the principle stating that liquids tend to find their own level.

An illustration of a man standing in knee deep water filling a water pitcher.

Man Filling Pitcher in Lake

An illustration of a man standing in knee deep water filling a water pitcher.

Illustration of 2 children measuring liquids in pints and quarts. It can be used to write mathematics story problems involving measurement.

Children Measuring Liquid

Illustration of 2 children measuring liquids in pints and quarts. It can be used to write mathematics…

An illustration of an oil barrel.

Oil Barrel

An illustration of an oil barrel.

An illustration of an oil barrel.

Oil Barrel

An illustration of an oil barrel.

"Pressure exerted anywhere upon a liquid inclosed in a vessel is transmitted undiminished in all direction, and acts with the same force upon all equal surfaces, and in a direction at right angles to those surfaces." -Avery 1895

Pascal's Law

"Pressure exerted anywhere upon a liquid inclosed in a vessel is transmitted undiminished in all direction,…

A pipette, half filled with liquid.

Pipette

A pipette, half filled with liquid.

A pipette is a laboratory instrument used for transporting a volume of liquid. If one end is closed with a finger, the efflux of the liquid will cease immediately.

Pipette

A pipette is a laboratory instrument used for transporting a volume of liquid. If one end is closed…

This bottle was intended to hold poison. Poisons are substances that can cause disturbances to organisms, usually by chemical reaction.

Four Sided Poison Bottle

This bottle was intended to hold poison. Poisons are substances that can cause disturbances to organisms,…

"The lift pump or suction-pump consists of a cylinder or barrel, piston, two valves, and a suction pipe, the lower end of which dips below the surface of the liquid to be raised." — Avery, 1895

Lift pump

"The lift pump or suction-pump consists of a cylinder or barrel, piston, two valves, and a suction pipe,…

"A contrivance for raising liquids or for removing gases from vessels." -Marshall

Suction Pump

"A contrivance for raising liquids or for removing gases from vessels." -Marshall

"A peculiar-shaped vessel called a retort is half filled with a volatile liquid and heated; the steam, as it forms, passes through the neck of the retort into a glass receiver contained in a vessel filled with cold water, and is then condensed." —Wells, 1857

Retort

"A peculiar-shaped vessel called a retort is half filled with a volatile liquid and heated; the steam,…

This figure represents the principle that says if an open vessel of liquid is rapidly rotated round a vertical axis, the surface of the liquid assumes a concave form.

Rotating Vessel of Liquid

This figure represents the principle that says if an open vessel of liquid is rapidly rotated round…

"A bent tube with one limb longer than the other, by means of which a liquid can be drawn off to a lower level over the side of a vessel or other point higher than the upper surface of the liquid."—Finley, 1917

Siphon

"A bent tube with one limb longer than the other, by means of which a liquid can be drawn off to a lower…

The siphon is an instrument in which a liquid, under the combined action of its own weight and atmospheric pressure, flows first uphill and then downhill.

Siphon

The siphon is an instrument in which a liquid, under the combined action of its own weight and atmospheric…

A Siphon can be started by inserting one end of a tube in the liquid and sucking at the other end. It is more convenient to apply suction by means of a side tube as shown to prevent the liquid from entering the mouth.

Starting the Siphon

A Siphon can be started by inserting one end of a tube in the liquid and sucking at the other end. It…

A syringe is a simple piston pump consisting of a plunger that fits tightly in a tube. The plunger can be pulled and pushed along inside a cylindrical tube (the barrel), allowing the syringe to take in and expel a liquid or gas through an orifice at the open end of the tube.

Syringe

A syringe is a simple piston pump consisting of a plunger that fits tightly in a tube. The plunger can…

A tube open at both ends with the lower end covered with a piece of card, plunged into the water. The liquid will press the card against the bottom of the tube with a force which increases as it is plunged deeper.

Upward Pressure

A tube open at both ends with the lower end covered with a piece of card, plunged into the water. The…

"When any liquid is placed in one or more of several vessels communicating with each other, it will not come to rest until it stands at the same height inall of thw vessels. This principle is emobodied in the familiar expression 'Water seeks its level.' the principle is illustrated, on a large scale, in the system of pipes by which water is distributed in cities." -Avery 1895

Water Level in Multiple Connected Vessels

"When any liquid is placed in one or more of several vessels communicating with each other, it will…

"No matter what the size or shape of a body of water may be, its surface has the same level throughout." —Quackenbos 1859

Uniform Water Level

"No matter what the size or shape of a body of water may be, its surface has the same level throughout."…