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"The air passages of the lungs." — Richardson, 1906

Air Passages

"The air passages of the lungs." — Richardson, 1906

Arteries of the trunk of a bird. 1: The aorta. 2: The vena cava. 3: A cerebral artery. The small lines on each side represent the arteries and veins of the lungs.

Bird Arteries

Arteries of the trunk of a bird. 1: The aorta. 2: The vena cava. 3: A cerebral artery. The small lines…

Branchi of the lungs, the heart, and blood vessels. Labels: 1, left auricle; 2, right auricle; 3, left ventricle; 5, pulmonary artery; 6, arch of the aorta; 7, superior vena cava; 8, arteria innominata; 9, left primitive carotid artery; 10, left subclavian artery; 11, trachea; 12, larynx; 13, upper lobe of right lung; 14, upper lobe of left lung; 15, trunk of right pulmonary artery; 16, lower lobes of the lungs.

Branchi and Blood Vessels

Branchi of the lungs, the heart, and blood vessels. Labels: 1, left auricle; 2, right auricle; 3, left…

View of the bronchia and veins of the lungs, exposed by dissection, as well as the relative position of the lungs to the heart.

Bronchia and Veins of the Lungs

View of the bronchia and veins of the lungs, exposed by dissection, as well as the relative position…

A diagram illustrating the circulation of the blood. Labels: A, vena cava descending (superior); Z, vena cava ascending (inferior); C, right auricle; D, right ventricle; E, pulmonary artery; F, P, lungs and pulmonary veins; G, left auricle; H, left ventricle; I, K, aorta.

Circulation of Blood

A diagram illustrating the circulation of the blood. Labels: A, vena cava descending (superior); Z,…

The heart and lungs. 1, right ventricle; 3, right auricle (atrium); 6, 7, pulmonary artery; 9, aorta; 10, superior vena cava; 11, innominate artery; 12, right subclavian vein; 14, innominate vein; 15, left common carotid; 17, trachea; 20, pulmonary veins; 22 to 25, lungs, partially turned back to show veins on left side.

Heart and Lungs

The heart and lungs. 1, right ventricle; 3, right auricle (atrium); 6, 7, pulmonary artery; 9, aorta;…

A view of the bronchia and blood vessels of the lungs, as shown by dissection, as well as the relative position of the lungs to the heart.

Relative Position of the Heart and Lungs

A view of the bronchia and blood vessels of the lungs, as shown by dissection, as well as the relative…

The heart, showing its relative position to the lungs. The heart is almost wholly covered up by the lungs and it is encased in a sack or bag (the pericardium), and around this there is considerable padding. The lungs are represented as drawn apart, so that a full view of the heart with its arteries and veins can be seen, and the sac of the heart and packing material is also removed. At <em>a</em> is the trachea or windpipe; on each side are the two arteries that go to the head; <em>c</em> is the artery that goes to the arm; <em>b, b</em> are the veins coming from the head, and <em>d, d</em> the veins from the arms, all emptying into a large vein that goes to the right auricle of the heart, <em>e</em>; <em>f</em> is the large vein that brings the blood from below to this auricle; <em>g</em> is the right ventricle, <em>i</em> the left, and <em>h</em> is the aorta as it goes down from the heart.

Heart and Lungs

The heart, showing its relative position to the lungs. The heart is almost wholly covered up by the…

Anterior view of the heart, dissected, after long boiling to show the superficial muscular fibers. The aorta (b') and pulmonary artery (a') have been cut short close to the semilunar valves. Labels: a, right ventricle; b, left ventricle; c, c, groove between ventricles; d, d', right auricle (atrium); e, e', left auricle (atrium); f, superior vena cava; g', g", right and left pulmonary veins. The fibers are seen running a circular, oblique, transverse, and longitudinal direction.

Anterior View of the Heart

Anterior view of the heart, dissected, after long boiling to show the superficial muscular fibers. The…

The lung is the essential organ of respiration in air-breathing vertebrates. Its principal function is to transport oxygen from the atmosphere into the bloodstream, and excrete carbon dioxide from the bloodstream into the atmosphere.

Lungs

The lung is the essential organ of respiration in air-breathing vertebrates. Its principal function…

Ideal diagram of lungs and air-passages.

Lungs

Ideal diagram of lungs and air-passages.

"The Lungs. 1, Summit of lungs. 2, Base of lungs. 3, Trachea. 4, Right bronchus. 5, Left bronchus. 6, Left aurical of heart. 7, Left superior pulmonary vein. 8, Right superior pulmonary vein. 9, Left ventricle of heart. 10, Right ventricle of heart." -Foster, 1921

Lungs

"The Lungs. 1, Summit of lungs. 2, Base of lungs. 3, Trachea. 4, Right bronchus. 5, Left bronchus. 6,…

The lungs in position.

Lungs

The lungs in position.

The lungs and air passages seen from the front. On the left of the figure the pulmonary tissue has been dissected away to show the ramifications of the bronchial tubes. Labels: a, larynx; b, trachea; d, right bronchus. The left bronchus is seen entering the root of its lung.

Lungs and Air Passages

The lungs and air passages seen from the front. On the left of the figure the pulmonary tissue has been…

Anterior view of the lungs and heart. Labels: 1, heart; 2, inferior vena cava; 3, superior vena cava; 4, right innominate vein; 5, left innominate vein; 6, jugular vein; 7, subclavian vein; 8, arch of aorta; 8', subclavian artery; 9, left pulmonary artery; 9', 9', carotid artery; 10, trachea; 11, left bronchus; 12, ramifications of right bronchus exposed in upper lobe of right lung; 13, 14, middle lobe; 15, lower lobe; 16, upper lobe of left lung; 17, lower lobe of left lung.

Anterior View of the Lungs and Heart

Anterior view of the lungs and heart. Labels: 1, heart; 2, inferior vena cava; 3, superior vena cava;…

Lungs with chronic phthisis; intervesicular changes.

Lungs with Chronic Phthisis

Lungs with chronic phthisis; intervesicular changes.

Diagram showing the structure of the lungs. At <em>d</em> is the left lung, and at <em>c</em> are represented the main branch of the windpipe that go to the right lung, separated by the lung itself. At the lower part, at <em>e</em>, are represented the very minute branches as they go to the air-cells (alveoli). At <em>b</em> is the windpipe (trachea), and at <em>a</em> is the larynx (or Adam's apple). It is through a chink in this that air passes in and out as we breathe.

Structure of the Lungs

Diagram showing the structure of the lungs. At d is the left lung, and at c are represented…

The lung, which are the two essential organs of respiration contained in the cavity of the thorax.

The Lungs

The lung, which are the two essential organs of respiration contained in the cavity of the thorax.

Diagram of the lungs and air sacs of a pigeon. <em>p</em>, air sacs; <em>lu</em>, lung; <em>t</em>, traches.

Pigeon Lungs

Diagram of the lungs and air sacs of a pigeon. p, air sacs; lu, lung; t,…

"Showing its distribution by its branches and ganglia to the larynx, pharynx, heart, lungs, and other parts." — Blaisedell, 1904

Trunk of the Pneumogastric Nerve

"Showing its distribution by its branches and ganglia to the larynx, pharynx, heart, lungs, and other…

"The respiratory mechanism consists of the lungs, a series of minute air chambers with a network of capillaries in the wall, the air passages from the air chambers of the lngs to the outer air, and the chest walls with their muscles, which act like bellows and change the ai r in the lungs. Let us begin with the air passages. There are first the nose and mouth; these join the upper part of the gullet, known as the pharynx. From the pharnyx arises the windpipe (trachea); this passes through the voice box (larynx) into the chest cavity; there it divides into two passages (the bronchi); the bronchi go on dividing again and again, generally into two; the ultimate divisions (the bronchioles) open into clusters of air chambers."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Respiratory Mechanism

"The respiratory mechanism consists of the lungs, a series of minute air chambers with a network of…

A sneeze is a semi autonomous, convulsive explosion of air form the lungs through the nose and mouth, usually caused by foreign particles irritating the nasal mucosa.

Sick Man Sneezing

A sneeze is a semi autonomous, convulsive explosion of air form the lungs through the nose and mouth,…

"A contrivance for measuring the extreme differential capacity of the human lungs. The instrument most commonly employed consists on an inverted chamber submerged in a water bath. The breath is conducted by a flexible pipe and internal tube so as to collect in the chamber, which rises in the water, and is fitted with an index which marks the cubic inches of air expired after a forced inspiration...a, is a small gas-holder containing an inverted vessel a'; b, index which shows on the scale c the number of cubic inches expired; d, manometer, which, when a' is held down, shows the pressure which the lungs can exert; e, plug-vent for outlet of the expired air; f, cock for outlet of water; g, tube through which the expiration is made." &mdash;Whitney, 1889

Spirometer

"A contrivance for measuring the extreme differential capacity of the human lungs. The instrument most…

"Thorax and abdomen. 1, 1, 1, 1. Muscles of the chest. 2, 2, 2, 2. Ribs. 3, 3, 3. Upper, middle and lower lobes of the right lung. 4, 4. Lobes of the left lung. 5, Right ventricle of the heart. 6. Left ventricle. 7. Right auricle. 8. Left auricle. 9. Pulmonary artery. 10. Aorta. 11. Descending vena cava. 12. Trachea. 13. Oesophagus. 14, 14, 14, 14. Pleura. 15, 15. Diaphragm. 16, 16. Right and left lobes of the liver. 17. Gall cyst. 18. Stomach. 19. Duodenum. 20. Ascending colon. 21. Transverse colon. 22. Descending colon. 23, 23. Small intestine. 24. Thoracic duct opening into the left subclavian vein. 25. Spleen." -Foster, 1921

Thorax and Abdomen

"Thorax and abdomen. 1, 1, 1, 1. Muscles of the chest. 2, 2, 2, 2. Ribs. 3, 3, 3. Upper, middle and…

Diagram of a transverse section of the thorax. Labels: 1, anterior mediastinum; 2, internal mammary vessels; 3, triangularis sterni muscle; 4, right phrenic nerve between pleura and pericardium; 5, left phrenic nerve between the pleura and pericardium; 6, thoracic duct in posterior mediastrinum; 7, esophagus with left vagus in front and right vagus behind; 8, vena azygos major; 9, thoracic aorta giving off intercostal arteries; 10, gangliated cord of sympathetic; R.V., right ventricle; R.A., right auricle of heart in middle mediastinum; P.A., pulmonary artery; A., aorta; C., vena cava superior; V. dorsal vertebra.

The Thorax

Diagram of a transverse section of the thorax. Labels: 1, anterior mediastinum; 2, internal mammary…

Transverse section of the thorax. Labels: 1, anterior mediastinum; 2, internal mammary vessels; 3, triangularis sterni; 4, 5, phrenic nerves; 6, thoracic duct; 7, esophagus; 8, vena azygos major; 9, thoracic aorta; 10, sympathetic; R. V., right ventricle; R. A., right auricle; P. A. pulmonary artery; A., aorta; C., superior vena cava; V., dorsal vertebra.

Transverse Section of the Thorax

Transverse section of the thorax. Labels: 1, anterior mediastinum; 2, internal mammary vessels; 3, triangularis…

"Chief veins and arteries of the body. a, place of the heart; the veins are in black. On the right side of the pictures the veins just under the skin oare shown and on the other side the deep vessels near the bones.. b, vessels to the lungs." &mdash;Davison, 1910

Veins and arteries

"Chief veins and arteries of the body. a, place of the heart; the veins are in black. On the right side…

Diagram of the Body opened from the front to show the contents of the ventral cavity. Labels: d, diaphragm; h, heart; lu, lungs; st, stomach; li, liver; si, small intestines; c, large intestine

Ventral Cavity of the Body

Diagram of the Body opened from the front to show the contents of the ventral cavity. Labels: d, diaphragm;…