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"A very good trowel may also be made from a discarded blade of a mowing-machine, and it answers the purpose of a hand-weeder in many places." — Baily, 1898

Improvised trowel

"A very good trowel may also be made from a discarded blade of a mowing-machine, and it answers the…

"The most efficient form of water-wheel is the turbine, one form of which is shown." — Avery, 1895

Turbine

"The most efficient form of water-wheel is the turbine, one form of which is shown." — Avery,…

A De Laval steam turbine. The turbine is operated by supplying steam into the four nozzles. The steam is then expanded and exits the valve through the vanes.

De Laval Steam Turbine

A De Laval steam turbine. The turbine is operated by supplying steam into the four nozzles. The steam…

"In the "Hercules" turbine...the flow is what is called mixed, that is, it is partly a radial inward and partly an axial flow machine. On entering, the water flows at first in a radial direction, and the gradually, as it passes through the wheel, it receives a downward component which becomes more and more important" (Britannica, 383).

Hercules Turbine

"In the "Hercules" turbine...the flow is what is called mixed, that is, it is partly a radial inward…

A turbine that uses moving water to make it work. They are used in hydroelectricity plants.

Hydraulic Turbine

A turbine that uses moving water to make it work. They are used in hydroelectricity plants.

"This turbine was designed to give 1250 H.P. with a fall of 25 ft. and an efficiency of 77%. It is fitted with a suction pope and a circular balanced sluice for admitting and cutting off the water-siupply" (Britannica, 384).

Jonval Turbine

"This turbine was designed to give 1250 H.P. with a fall of 25 ft. and an efficiency of 77%. It is fitted…

Any of various machines having a rotor, usually with vanes or blades, driven by the pressure, momentum, or reactive thrust of a moving fluid, as steam, water, hot gases, or air, either occurring in the form of free jets or as a fluid passing through and entirely filling a housing around the rotor.

Water Turbine

Any of various machines having a rotor, usually with vanes or blades, driven by the pressure, momentum,…

"Two kinds of successions of grooves used for rectangular bars in "two-high" train." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Two-high Trains

"Two kinds of successions of grooves used for rectangular bars in "two-high" train." — The Encyclopedia…

Any of various machines for writing characters similar to those made by printers’ types, especially a machine in which the characters are produced by steel types striking the paper through an inked ribbon with the types being actuated by corresponding keys on a keyboard and the paper being held by a platen that is automatically moved along with a carriage when a key is struck.

Early Design Typewriter

Any of various machines for writing characters similar to those made by printers’ types, especially…

This illustration shows a vacuum boiler in which liquid to become glue is boiled by steam, as well as a man testing the liquid in the manufacturing process.

Vacuum Boiler, Testing the Liquid (Glue)

This illustration shows a vacuum boiler in which liquid to become glue is boiled by steam, as well as…

This steam valve design features revolving cup valves which are able to cut off steam at any given revolution inside an engine.

Steam Valve

This steam valve design features revolving cup valves which are able to cut off steam at any given revolution…

A machine that automatically dispenses consumer goods such as cigarettes, food, or petrol, when money is inserted Also called automat.

Coin Controlled Vending Machine

A machine that automatically dispenses consumer goods such as cigarettes, food, or petrol, when money…

"This machine consists of two vertical shafts, carrying radial arms. These arms pass each other in opposite directions, so that, in addition to a tearing action on the dough, which the knives have on passing each other, they have a screw action, pressing the dough down on one side and up on the other. The vessels containing the dough are made of wood, of an oval form, to correspong with the action of the machine." — Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

Vertical Mixer

"This machine consists of two vertical shafts, carrying radial arms. These arms pass each other in opposite…

In 1838, Nasmyth, of England, planned his really great invention — the steam-hammer. His idea was to use the piston-rod of an upright steam-engine as the handle of a hammer that could move up and down between vertical guides. So perfect is the operation of one of these Titan hammers that the engineer can crack an egg with it, or deliver terrific, smashing blows that will mold a ton of iron into any shape he wishes.

Vertical Steam Hammer

In 1838, Nasmyth, of England, planned his really great invention — the steam-hammer. His idea…

Two vessels from the Thomas Savery first steam engine. The right tank fills up with water while the left fills up with steam to create a pressure in the vessel. At certain pressure, the lever lets cools the right vessel by pumping the water out of it.

Two Vessels from Thomas Savery First Steam Engine

Two vessels from the Thomas Savery first steam engine. The right tank fills up with water while the…

This illustration shows a wash box used for removing lime from materials used in glue manufacturing.

Wash Box for Removing Lime

This illustration shows a wash box used for removing lime from materials used in glue manufacturing.

A clothes washer, or washer, is a machine designed to wash laundry, such as clothing, towels, and sheets. The term is mostly applied only to machines that use water as the primary cleaning solution, as opposed to dry cleaning.

Washing Machine

A clothes washer, or washer, is a machine designed to wash laundry, such as clothing, towels, and sheets.…

A diagram illustrating cooling steam exhaust of steam engine using a water tower. The water is pumped out of the water tower using a motor into the condenser. The steam enters the condenser to be cooled by the water flowing by the adjacent pipe.

Water Tower Condenser Steam Cooling System in Engine Room

A diagram illustrating cooling steam exhaust of steam engine using a water tower. The water is pumped…

This device is similar to a water mill. A water mill is a structure that uses a water wheel or turbine to drive a mechanical process such as flour, lumber or textile production, or metal shaping. A water mill that generates electricity is usually called a hydroelectric plant.

Device for Lifting Water

This device is similar to a water mill. A water mill is a structure that uses a water wheel or turbine…

Babcock and Wilcox water-tube boiler fitted with superheaters

Water-tube Boiler

Babcock and Wilcox water-tube boiler fitted with superheaters

Stirling Water-tube boiler

Water-tube Boiler

Stirling Water-tube boiler

An illustration of a price computing weighing machine.

Price Computing Weighing Machine

An illustration of a price computing weighing machine.

An illustration of a price computing weighing machine using an even even balance and pendulum.

Price Computing Weighing Machine

An illustration of a price computing weighing machine using an even even balance and pendulum.

"The wheel and axle consists of a wheel united to a cylinder in such a way that they may turn together on a common axis. It is a modified lever of the first or second class." — Avery, 1895

Wheel and axle

"The wheel and axle consists of a wheel united to a cylinder in such a way that they may turn together…

"In the overshot wheel, the water falls into buckets at the top, and by its weight, aided by the force of the current, turns the wheel. Such wheels have been made 100 feet in diameter." — Avery, 1895

Overshot wheel

"In the overshot wheel, the water falls into buckets at the top, and by its weight, aided by the force…

"Eli Whitney invented the cotton-gin in 1793."—E. Benjamin Andrews, 1895

Eli Whitney

"Eli Whitney invented the cotton-gin in 1793."—E. Benjamin Andrews, 1895

"The Wimhurst machine is used to generate small amounts of static electricity which are then stored in attached Leyden jars." -Avery 1895

Wimhurst Machine

"The Wimhurst machine is used to generate small amounts of static electricity which are then stored…

"The tin-foil strips or carriers on the rear plate of a Wimhurst machine are represented by the outer row of strips; those on the fornt plate, by the inner row. The diagonal conductor that faces the rear plate is represented by cs; the one that faces the front plate, by ab." -Avery 1895

Design of the Wimhurst Machine

"The tin-foil strips or carriers on the rear plate of a Wimhurst machine are represented by the outer…

A windmill is a machine that is powered by the energy of the wind. It is designed to convert the energy of the wind into more useful forms using rotating blades or sails. The term also refers to the structure it is commonly built on. In much of Europe, windmills served originally to grind grain, though later applications included pumping water and, more recently, generation of electricity.

Windmill

A windmill is a machine that is powered by the energy of the wind. It is designed to convert the energy…

A windmill is a machine that is powered by the energy of the wind. It is designed to convert the energy of the wind into more useful forms using rotating blades or sails. The term also refers to the structure it is commonly built on. In much of Europe, windmills served originally to grind grain, though later applications included pumping water and, more recently, generation of electricity.

Windmill

A windmill is a machine that is powered by the energy of the wind. It is designed to convert the energy…

"Devices for lifting water are older than written history, and various forms of pumps are used on almost every farm in the country, every citizen being familiar with a number of ways of lifting water."—Government Printing Office, 1897

Homemade Jumbo Windmill

"Devices for lifting water are older than written history, and various forms of pumps are used on almost…

Woodeson Boiler

Woodeson Boiler

Woodeson Boiler

Yarrow Water-tube Boiler

Yarrow Water-tube Boiler

Yarrow Water-tube Boiler