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Submerged leaves alternate or irregularly borne.

Ranuneulus

Submerged leaves alternate or irregularly borne.

"Pangium edule. 1. a male flower; 2. an ovary with its sterile stamens; 3. a cross section of an ovary; 4. a perpendicular section of a seed." -Lindley, 1853

Raual

"Pangium edule. 1. a male flower; 2. an ovary with its sterile stamens; 3. a cross section of an ovary;…

"Rawson's Early Summer excels both in size and earliness, and ranks as the best of the early Drumhead sorts. It is a trifle larger than the Wakefield, and consequently the setting should be a little farther apart."—Rawson, 1892

Rawson's Early Summer

"Rawson's Early Summer excels both in size and earliness, and ranks as the best of the early Drumhead…

Also known as Betula occidentalis. The branch of a Red Birch tree, native to western North America.

Branch of Red Birch

Also known as Betula occidentalis. The branch of a Red Birch tree, native to western North America.

Also known as Abies magnifica. Native to the mountains of western North America.

Pine Cone of Red Fir

Also known as Abies magnifica. Native to the mountains of western North America.

Also known as Morus rubra. The branch of a Red Mulberry tree, native to eastern North America, from Ontario and Vermont to southern Florida.

Branch of Red Mulberry

Also known as Morus rubra. The branch of a Red Mulberry tree, native to eastern North America, from…

Also known as Picea rubens. Native to North America.

Red Spruce Pine Cone

Also known as Picea rubens. Native to North America.

Also known as Salix laevigata. The branch of a Red Willow tree, native to Pacific Coastal California.

Branch of Red Willow

Also known as Salix laevigata. The branch of a Red Willow tree, native to Pacific Coastal California.

"Ribes rubrum. 1. perpendicular section of a flower; 2. cross section of the ovary; 3. seed; 4. a perpendicular section of it." -Lindley, 1853

Redcurrant

"Ribes rubrum. 1. perpendicular section of a flower; 2. cross section of the ovary; 3. seed; 4. a perpendicular…

"1. Locusta of Agrostis alba; 2. paleae and stamens, &c. of the same." -Lindley, 1853

Redtop Locusta

"1. Locusta of Agrostis alba; 2. paleae and stamens, &c. of the same." -Lindley, 1853

Also known as Sequoia sempervirens. An evergreen monoecious tree living between 1200-1800 years or more.

Pine Cone of Redwood

Also known as Sequoia sempervirens. An evergreen monoecious tree living between 1200-1800 years or more.

"Bamboo-reed (Arundo donax). a, panicle; b, flowering scale, clothed with silky hairs; c, spikelet." -Whitney, 1911

Giant Reed

"Bamboo-reed (Arundo donax). a, panicle; b, flowering scale, clothed with silky hairs; c, spikelet."…

Kidney shaped.

Reniform

Kidney shaped.

With a network like surface.

Reticulate

With a network like surface.

Appearing as if rolled back from the margins.

Revolute

Appearing as if rolled back from the margins.

"Rhabdia lycioides. 1. its flower; 2. the corolla opened; 3. a cross section of the ovary; 4. a perpendicular section of a seed." -Lindley, 1853

Rhabdia

"Rhabdia lycioides. 1. its flower; 2. the corolla opened; 3. a cross section of the ovary; 4. a perpendicular…

Leaves sessile or very short petioled; flowers showy.

Rhexia

Leaves sessile or very short petioled; flowers showy.

"Rhododendron pumilum; 1. a calyx and pistil, with all stamens removed; 2. an anther; 3. a ripe capsule burst; 4. a vertical section of a seed." -Lindley, 1853

Rhododendron

"Rhododendron pumilum; 1. a calyx and pistil, with all stamens removed; 2. an anther; 3. a ripe capsule…

A herbaceous plant with large leaves and edible petioles.

Rhubarb

A herbaceous plant with large leaves and edible petioles.

The Chilean Rhubarb (Gunnera tinctoria) is a large-leaved plant in the Gunneraceae family. It was also known as the synonym Gunnera scabra.

Chilean Rhubarb

The Chilean Rhubarb (Gunnera tinctoria) is a large-leaved plant in the Gunneraceae family. It was also…

Spikelets with only 1 or 2 scales enclosing acenes; perianth-bristles usually present.

Rhynchospora

Spikelets with only 1 or 2 scales enclosing acenes; perianth-bristles usually present.

Divisions of plant body fine and many; plant body usualy floating below the surface.

Riccia

Divisions of plant body fine and many; plant body usualy floating below the surface.

Divisions of plant body coarse, two lobed; floating on surface.

Ricciocarpus

Divisions of plant body coarse, two lobed; floating on surface.

"Rice is a well known genus of grasses, having panicles of one-flowered spike-lets, with two very small pointed glumes, the florets compressed, the paleæ strongly nerved, awned or awnless, six stamens, one germen, and two feather stigmas. The only important species is the common rice, one of the most useful and extensively cultivated of all grains, supplying the principal food of nearly one-third of the human race. It seems to be originally a native of the East Indies, but is now cultivated in all quarters of the globe. Rice requires a moist soil, sometimes flooded. "—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Water Rice

"Rice is a well known genus of grasses, having panicles of one-flowered spike-lets, with two very small…

Also known as Betula nigra. The branch of a River Birch tree, native to eastern United States.

Branch of River Birch

Also known as Betula nigra. The branch of a River Birch tree, native to eastern United States.

"The female of Hydrostachys verruculosa. 1. the calyx; 2. the same opened to show the ovary; 3. a seed; 4. a vertical section of it." -Lindley, 1853

Riverweed

"The female of Hydrostachys verruculosa. 1. the calyx; 2. the same opened to show the ovary; 3. a seed;…

Also known as Ulmus thomasii. The branch of a Rock Elm tree, native to the midwestern United States.

Branch of Rock Elm

Also known as Ulmus thomasii. The branch of a Rock Elm tree, native to the midwestern United States.

"A genus of exogenous plants, which gives its name to the natural order Cistaceae; an order allied to Cruciferae and Capparideae, and containing about 200 known species of shrubs and herbaceous plants, chiefly natives of the south of Europe and north of Africa." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Rock-Rose

"A genus of exogenous plants, which gives its name to the natural order Cistaceae; an order allied to…

Known as rockweed or bladder wrack, this species of seaweed is in the Fucaceae family of brown algae. "Fructifying Tip of a Frond of Rockweed (Fucus vesiculosus). a, a, air-bladders; b, b, conceptacles." -Whitney, 1911

Fructifying Tip of a Frond of Rockweed

Known as rockweed or bladder wrack, this species of seaweed is in the Fucaceae family of brown algae.…

Also known as Abies lasiocarpa. A western North American fir.

Pine Cone of Rocky Mountain Fir

Also known as Abies lasiocarpa. A western North American fir.

Also known as Juniperus scopulorum. Native to western North America.

Branch of Rocky Mountain Juniper

Also known as Juniperus scopulorum. Native to western North America.

Grafting is a horticultural operation which consists in placing together the two cut surfaces of different plants in such a way that they shall unite and become an organic unity. The rooted plant which is to receive the graft is called the 'stock'; the cutting which is to be applied to the stock, and to obtain its nourishment from it, is called the 'scion'. This illustration shows the Root method of grafting.

Root Grafting

Grafting is a horticultural operation which consists in placing together the two cut surfaces of different…

"These roots are such as subdivide in the earth in a manner similar to the divisions of the stem, and are found exhibited in the forest trees and shrubs."—Darby, 1855

Branching Root

"These roots are such as subdivide in the earth in a manner similar to the divisions of the stem, and…

"The bulb is a leaf-bud inclosed in scales or concentric layers, and is found either at the base of summit of the stem, or in the axils of the leaves; and differs in no respect from the buds hereafter to be described, but in separating itself from the parent, and forming an independent individual."—Darby, 1855

Bulb Root

"The bulb is a leaf-bud inclosed in scales or concentric layers, and is found either at the base of…

"The Cormus is that variety which increases beneath the earth by development of buds in the axils of the scales, but retains its globular figure, and propagates itself in no particular direction."—Darby, 1855

Cormus Root

"The Cormus is that variety which increases beneath the earth by development of buds in the axils of…

"When the fibers of roots become enlarged by the deposition of starch, they form this variety of root."—Darby, 1855

Fasciculated Root

"When the fibers of roots become enlarged by the deposition of starch, they form this variety of root."—Darby,…

"This variety consists of numerous fibers proceeding from the neck of the plant, and may be seen in most grasses and grains."—Darby, 1855

Fibrous Root

"This variety consists of numerous fibers proceeding from the neck of the plant, and may be seen in…

"Where the root tapers toward each extremity, as seen in the Radish."—Darby, 1855

Fusiform Root

"Where the root tapers toward each extremity, as seen in the Radish."—Darby, 1855

"The variety which is very large at the base, but tapers abruptly, as in the Turnip."—Darby, 1855

Napiform Root

"The variety which is very large at the base, but tapers abruptly, as in the Turnip."—Darby, 1855

"The Rhizoma or Rootstock grows in a nearly horizontal direction, emitting roots from its under side, increasing by one extremity only, at which it puts forth leaves and flower-stems, and gradually dying at the other. Its surface is generally marked by irregular ridges formed by the bases of decayed leaves."—Darby, 1855

Rhizoma Root

"The Rhizoma or Rootstock grows in a nearly horizontal direction, emitting roots from its under side,…

"When the root sinks perpendicularly into the earth, and tapers regularly from the base to the apex with very few fibrous radicles. This variety contains some of the most important garden vegetables, and it is seldom found of natural growth, being almost uniformly produced by cultivation."—Darby, 1855

Tap Root

"When the root sinks perpendicularly into the earth, and tapers regularly from the base to the apex…

"Didymous roots are those which produce a tubercle each year, and when the tubercle of one year arrives at nearly the dimensions of the one of the preceding year, they answer to the form indicated by the term applied to them; that is, double or twin roots."—Darby, 1855

Didymous Roots

"Didymous roots are those which produce a tubercle each year, and when the tubercle of one year arrives…

Flowers yellow.

Rorippa

Flowers yellow.

Leaves with central mid-vein and smaller veins branching from this.

Rorippa

Leaves with central mid-vein and smaller veins branching from this.

Anastatica hierochuntina or the Rose of Jericho is member of the Brassicaceae family.

Rose of Jericho

Anastatica hierochuntina or the Rose of Jericho is member of the Brassicaceae family.

Longitudinal section of a young rose-hip.

Rose-hip

Longitudinal section of a young rose-hip.

A woody perennial herb with fragrant needle-like leaves.

Rosemary

A woody perennial herb with fragrant needle-like leaves.

The Florida Rosemary: "Ceratiola ericoides. 1. a male flower; 2. a female; 3. a view of the ovary, with its side removed to show the ovules; 4. ripe fruit; 5. section across a seed." -Lindley, 1853

Florida Rosemary

The Florida Rosemary: "Ceratiola ericoides. 1. a male flower; 2. a female; 3. a view of the ovary, with…

With the leaves clustered symmetrically around the base of the stem or scape.

Rosette

With the leaves clustered symmetrically around the base of the stem or scape.

A depiction of the upper portion of the Pyrethrum roseum.

Pyrethrum Roseum

A depiction of the upper portion of the Pyrethrum roseum.

Flowers with small appendages between the sepals.

Rotala

Flowers with small appendages between the sepals.

"Roxburghia gloriosoides; 1. the fruit; 2. a seed; 3. the same divided longitudinally." -Lindley, 1853

Roxburghia

"Roxburghia gloriosoides; 1. the fruit; 2. a seed; 3. the same divided longitudinally." -Lindley, 1853

Also known as Roystonea regia. A species of palm native to southern Florida, Mexico, and parts of Central America.

Branch of Royal Palm

Also known as Roystonea regia. A species of palm native to southern Florida, Mexico, and parts of Central…

"1. Branches of [Rubia] (Rubia tinctorum) with flowers and fruits/ 2. The rhizome. a, a flower; b, the pistil; c, two different fruits." -Century, 1889 bia_

Rubia Flowers & Branches

"1. Branches of [Rubia] (Rubia tinctorum) with flowers and fruits/ 2. The rhizome. a, a flower; b, the…

"The common rue is a half-shrubby plant, two or three feet high, of a fetid odor and an acrid taste. The bluish-green leaves are pinnate, the flowers yellow; a native of Southern Europe but grown in gardens in the United States, the East and West Indies, etc."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Rue

"The common rue is a half-shrubby plant, two or three feet high, of a fetid odor and an acrid taste.…

A strong-scented herbaceous plant of the genus Ruta, nat. order Rutacae, a native of S. Europe, but also cultivated in gardens in the United States.

Rue Plant

A strong-scented herbaceous plant of the genus Ruta, nat. order Rutacae, a native of S. Europe, but…

Plant with broad leaves, many basal; flowers stalked and drooping.

Rumex

Plant with broad leaves, many basal; flowers stalked and drooping.

Leaf-base apparently inflated.

Ruppia

Leaf-base apparently inflated.

"Juncus acutiflorus; 1. a flower; 2. the pistil; 3. a perpendicular section of the ovary; 4. seeds; 5. a seed germinating." -Lindley, 1853

Sharp-Flowered Rush

"Juncus acutiflorus; 1. a flower; 2. the pistil; 3. a perpendicular section of the ovary; 4. seeds;…

An illustrative view of the soft rush. 1, plant; 2, inflorescence; 3, end of branch of inflorescence; 4, flower; 5, fruit; 6, seed; and 7, seed. Soft rush (Juncus effusus) is a member of the Juncus genus found growing in wet areas.

Soft Rush

An illustrative view of the soft rush. 1, plant; 2, inflorescence; 3, end of branch of inflorescence;…