Alternate leaves, in Linden, Lime-tree, or Basswood.

Alternate Leaves

Alternate leaves, in Linden, Lime-tree, or Basswood.

Diagram of analogous scorpioid cyme, with alternate leaves or bracts.

Analogous Scorpioid Cyme

Diagram of analogous scorpioid cyme, with alternate leaves or bracts.

From left to right: Acuminate, Acute, Obtuse, Truncate, Retuse, Emarginate, Obcordate, Cuspidate, Mucronate.

Apex of Leaves

From left to right: Acuminate, Acute, Obtuse, Truncate, Retuse, Emarginate, Obcordate, Cuspidate, Mucronate.

Shoot with its leaves 5-ranked, the sixth leaf over the first; as in the Apple-tree.

Apple-tree

Shoot with its leaves 5-ranked, the sixth leaf over the first; as in the Apple-tree.

Shoot of common Barberry, showing transition of foliage-leaves to spines.

Barberry

Shoot of common Barberry, showing transition of foliage-leaves to spines.

"Xerophytic leaves of the Australian blackberry. l, leaflets reduced in many cases to bare midrobs, in other cases showing a bit of blade at the end; P, petiole." -Bergen, 1896

Australian Blackberry Leaves

"Xerophytic leaves of the Australian blackberry. l, leaflets reduced in many cases to bare midrobs,…

Butternut branch, with accessory buds, the uppermost above the axil.

Butternut Branch

Butternut branch, with accessory buds, the uppermost above the axil.

An illustration of the letter C decorated with tall stems.

Decorative Letter C

An illustration of the letter C decorated with tall stems.

Silene dioica or the red campion was once known as Lychnis diurna and is a member of the Caryophyllaceae family.

Red Campion

Silene dioica or the red campion was once known as Lychnis diurna and is a member of the Caryophyllaceae…

This Egyptian capital is the upper termination of the column with cinctured bundles of papyrus stems.

Egyptian Capital

This Egyptian capital is the upper termination of the column with cinctured bundles of papyrus stems.

This Egyptian capital is the upper termination of the column with cinctured bundles of papyrus stems. It is found in Luxor, Egypt.

Egyptian Capital

This Egyptian capital is the upper termination of the column with cinctured bundles of papyrus stems.…

Compound Umbel of Caraway.

Caraway

Compound Umbel of Caraway.

A young Agave Americana, or Century-plant: Fleshly-leaved.

Century-plant

A young Agave Americana, or Century-plant: Fleshly-leaved.

Head of the Button-bush.

Cephalanthus

Head of the Button-bush.

A complete forking cyme of an Arenaria, or Chickweed.

Chickweed

A complete forking cyme of an Arenaria, or Chickweed.

Fascicled fusiform roots of a Dahlia.

Dahlia

Fascicled fusiform roots of a Dahlia.

Leaves of Dionaea; the trap in one of them open in the others closed.

Dionaea

Leaves of Dionaea; the trap in one of them open in the others closed.

Growth of Flax seedling from a stem with two leaves and a bud, to a stem with several leaves and stem joints between leaves.

Early Flax Seedling

Growth of Flax seedling from a stem with two leaves and a bud, to a stem with several leaves and stem…

Epidendrum conopseum, a small Orchid, and Tillandsia usneoides, the so-called Long Moss or Black Moss, which is no moss, but a flowering plant.

Epiphytes of Florida and Georgia

Epidendrum conopseum, a small Orchid, and Tillandsia usneoides, the so-called Long Moss or Black Moss,…

From left to right: Linear, Lanceolate, Oblong, Elliptical, Ovate, Cordate.

Feathered-veined leaves

From left to right: Linear, Lanceolate, Oblong, Elliptical, Ovate, Cordate.

From left to right: Oblanceolate, spatulate, obovate, wedge-shape.

Feathered-veined leaves

From left to right: Oblanceolate, spatulate, obovate, wedge-shape.

From left to right: Sagittate, Auriculate, Halbert-shaped.

Feathered-veined leaves 3

From left to right: Sagittate, Auriculate, Halbert-shaped.

A <em>flos plenus</em>, namely, a full double flower of Rose.

Flos Plenus

A flos plenus, namely, a full double flower of Rose.

Forking ramification of Lilac.

Forking Lilac

Forking ramification of Lilac.

Whorled leaves of Gallium.

Gallium

Whorled leaves of Gallium.

Blue grass showing the method of reproduction by underground stems, or stolons.

Blue grass

Blue grass showing the method of reproduction by underground stems, or stolons.

Branch of a Honeysuckle, with connate-perfoliate leaves.

Honeysuckle Stem

Branch of a Honeysuckle, with connate-perfoliate leaves.

A young plant of the Houseleek, with the leaves (not yet expanded) numbered, and exhibiting the 13-ranked arrangement; and sowing secondary spirals.

Houseleek

A young plant of the Houseleek, with the leaves (not yet expanded) numbered, and exhibiting the 13-ranked…

Compound cyme of Hydrangea arborescens, with neutral enlarged flowers round the circumference.

Hydrangea arborscens

Compound cyme of Hydrangea arborescens, with neutral enlarged flowers round the circumference.

Spadix and spathe of the Indian Turnip; the latter cut through below.

Indian Turnip

Spadix and spathe of the Indian Turnip; the latter cut through below.

Rootstock and equitant leaves of Iris.

Iris

Rootstock and equitant leaves of Iris.

A section across the cluster of leaves at the bottom, showing the equitation.

Iris cluster

A section across the cluster of leaves at the bottom, showing the equitation.

Juncus conglomeratus, also known as the common rush, belongs to a genus of grass-like herbs (Juncus) that grow in boggy places. It is the best known species, with cylindrical stems and crowded panicles of flowers below the tapered extremities of the stems.

Juncus Conglomeratus

Juncus conglomeratus, also known as the common rush, belongs to a genus of grass-like herbs (Juncus)…

From left to right: Serrate, Dentate, Crenate, Wavy, Sinuate, Incised.

Kinds of Margin of Leaves

From left to right: Serrate, Dentate, Crenate, Wavy, Sinuate, Incised.

This cream ladle has a design that consists of stems, leaves, and flowers.

Cream Ladle

This cream ladle has a design that consists of stems, leaves, and flowers.

A piece of stem of Larch with two clusters (fascicles) of numerous leaves.

Larch

A piece of stem of Larch with two clusters (fascicles) of numerous leaves.

Leaf of Lathyrus Aphaca, consisting of a pair of stipules and a tendrils.

Lathyrus Aphaca

Leaf of Lathyrus Aphaca, consisting of a pair of stipules and a tendrils.

Series of bud-scales and foliage-leaves from a developing bud of the Low Sweet Buckeye, showing nearly complete gradation, from a scale to a compound leaf of five leaflets; and that the scales answer to reduced petioles.

Low Sweet Buckeye

Series of bud-scales and foliage-leaves from a developing bud of the Low Sweet Buckeye, showing nearly…

Terminal winter bud of Magnolia Umbrella.

Magnolia Umbrella

Terminal winter bud of Magnolia Umbrella.

Lower end of Maple root magnified, the root seen just as root-hairs are beginning to for a little behind the tip.

End of Maple Root

Lower end of Maple root magnified, the root seen just as root-hairs are beginning to for a little behind…

Seedling Maple, of the natural size; the root well supplied with root hairs, here large enough to be seen by the naked eye.

Maple Seedling

Seedling Maple, of the natural size; the root well supplied with root hairs, here large enough to be…

Piece of a flowering-stem of Moneywort with single flower successively produced in the axils of the leaves, from below upwards, as the stem grows on.

Moneywort

Piece of a flowering-stem of Moneywort with single flower successively produced in the axils of the…

Leaf of Nepenthes; foliage, tendril, and pitcher combined.

Nepenthes

Leaf of Nepenthes; foliage, tendril, and pitcher combined.

Palmate leaf of five leaflets of the Sweet Buckeye.

Palmate Leaf

Palmate leaf of five leaflets of the Sweet Buckeye.

From left to right: Three Lobed, Three Cleft, Three Parted, Three Divided.

Palmately Leaves

From left to right: Three Lobed, Three Cleft, Three Parted, Three Divided.

Diagram of a simple panicle.

Panicle

Diagram of a simple panicle.

From left to right: Pinnate with odd leaflet, Pinnate with a tendril in place, Pinnate with even pairs.

Pinnate Leaves

From left to right: Pinnate with odd leaflet, Pinnate with a tendril in place, Pinnate with even pairs.

From left to right: pinnately lobed, pinnately cleft, pinnately parted, pinnately divided.

Pinnately Leaves

From left to right: pinnately lobed, pinnately cleft, pinnately parted, pinnately divided.

Piece of a branch of Pitch Pine, with three leaves in a fascicle or bundle, in the axial of a thin scale, which answers to a primary leaf. The bundle is surrounded at the base by a short sheath, formed of the delicate scales of the auxiliary bud.

Pitch Pine

Piece of a branch of Pitch Pine, with three leaves in a fascicle or bundle, in the axial of a thin scale,…

Spike of the common Plantain or Ribwort.

Plantain

Spike of the common Plantain or Ribwort.

Leaf of the Quince: <em>b</em>, blade; <em>p</em>, petiole; <em>st</em>, stipules.

Quince

Leaf of the Quince: b, blade; p, petiole; st, stipules.

From left to right: Various forms of radiatte-veined leaves.

Radiate-Veined

From left to right: Various forms of radiatte-veined leaves.

Opposite leaves, in Red Maple.

Red Maple

Opposite leaves, in Red Maple.

Red-Maple branch, with accessory buds placed side by side. The annular lines toward the base are scars of the bud-scales, and indicate the place of the winter-bud of the preceding year.

Red-Maple branch

Red-Maple branch, with accessory buds placed side by side. The annular lines toward the base are scars…

Leaf of Sarracenia purpurea, entire, and another with the upper part cut off.

Sarracenia Purpurea

Leaf of Sarracenia purpurea, entire, and another with the upper part cut off.

The scammony (Convolvulus scammonia) is a flowering plant of the bindweed family. R, the root.

Scammony

The scammony (Convolvulus scammonia) is a flowering plant of the bindweed family. R, the root.

Diagram of a scorpioid cyme, with opposite leaves or bracts.

Scorpioid Cyme

Diagram of a scorpioid cyme, with opposite leaves or bracts.

Shoot of Lilac, with winter buds; the two uppermost auxiliary ones strong; the terminal not developed.

Shoot of Lilac

Shoot of Lilac, with winter buds; the two uppermost auxiliary ones strong; the terminal not developed.

Diagram of a simple cyme in which the axis lengthens, so as to take the form of a raceme.

Simple cyme

Diagram of a simple cyme in which the axis lengthens, so as to take the form of a raceme.

"<i>Polygala senega</i> of eastern North America. It sends up several stems from hard knotty root-stocks, bearing single close racemes of white flowers. It is the source of the officinal senegaroot, and from being much gathered is said to have become scarce in the east." &mdash;Whitney, 1889
<p>This illustration shows the knotty roots and the lower portion of the stem.

Seneca Snakeroot - Roots and Base of the Stem

"Polygala senega of eastern North America. It sends up several stems from hard knotty root-stocks, bearing…