"An ornament composed of two ogee curves meeting in the middle, each concave toward its outer extremity and convex toward the point at which it meets the other."-Whitney, 1902

Accolade

"An ornament composed of two ogee curves meeting in the middle, each concave toward its outer extremity…

General Abercrombie was commander of the troops in the French and Indian War.

General Ambercrombie

General Abercrombie was commander of the troops in the French and Indian War.

Jacques Coeur being publicly punished in France in 1453. "A part of the Amende Honorable of Jacques Coeur before Charles VII of France." -Bodmer, 1917

Amende Honorable of Jacques Coeur

Jacques Coeur being publicly punished in France in 1453. "A part of the Amende Honorable of Jacques…

(1786-1853) French astronomer and physicist.

Dominique François Arago

(1786-1853) French astronomer and physicist.

"After appropriating to national purposes the land belonging to the church, the French National Assembly, instead of bringing it into the market at a time of insecurity, when its value was depreciated, issued bonds on the security of it, which were called assignats, as representing land assigned to the holder. This paper money consisted chiefly of notes for 100 francs each, though many of them were for sums as low as ten or five francs, and even lower; and the first issue amounted to 400 million francs." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Assignat

"After appropriating to national purposes the land belonging to the church, the French National Assembly,…

(1736-1793) French astronomer and statesman.

Jean Sylvain Bailly

(1736-1793) French astronomer and statesman.

A French Jacobin, born in Province, in 1755, of an ancient family; served as second lieutenant in the regiment of Languedoc until 1775. He made, about this time, a voyage to the Isle-de-France, the governor of which was one of his relations, and entered into the garrison of Pondicherry. On his return, he gave himself up to gambling and women, and dissipated his fortune. The Revolution broke out. He immediately showed himself an opponent of the Court, and had a seat in the <em>tiers-etat</em>, while his brother was sitting in that of the nobility. July 14, 1789, he took part in the attack upon the Bastille, and Aug. 10, 1792, upon the Tuileries. In 1792 he was elected a member of the National Convention, and voted for the unconditional death of Louis XVI. He was sent, in 1793, to the South of France, and commanded the left wing of the besieging army under Dugommier, and it was here that he first met Napoleon Bonaparte, then captain of artillery. The patriotic reputation of Barras was so well established that he abd Freron were the only representatives not denounced by the popular societies. Robespierre, however, was friend of his, and often wished to arrest him. Barras, knowing this, became one of the principle actors of the 9th Thermidor, and put himself at the head of the troops which surrounded Robespierre at the Hotel de Ville. In 1794 he was named one of the Committee of Public Safety, and became a great enemy to the members of the members of the "Mountain." In February, 1795, he was elected President of the Convention, and, in that capacity, declared Paris in a state of siege, when the Assembly was attacked by the populace. Afterward, when the Convention was assailed, Bonaparte, by Barras' advice, was appointed to command the artillery; and that general, on the 13th Vendemaire, decisively repressed the royalist movement. For his services, Barras was now named one of the Directory, and took a prominent part in the changes which that body unerwent until Napoleon's <em>coup d'etat</em> on the 18th Brumaire, which effectually overthrew the power of Barrras and his colleagues. His life, from this date, was, generally speaking, one of retirement. He died in Paris, Jan. 29, 1829. His "Memoirs" appeared in 1895.

Comte de Barras

A French Jacobin, born in Province, in 1755, of an ancient family; served as second lieutenant in the…

Fr&eacute;d&eacute;ric Auguste Bartholdi was a French sculptor. He is also known as Amilcar Hasenfratz, a pseudonym used for his paintings of Egyptian subjects. He created the Statue of Liberty.

Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi

Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi was a French sculptor. He is also known as Amilcar Hasenfratz,…

French lyrical poet.

Pierre Jean Beranger

French lyrical poet.

(1844-1923) Parisian actress who appeared in performances throughout USA, London and Europe.

Sarah Bernhardt

(1844-1923) Parisian actress who appeared in performances throughout USA, London and Europe.

(1680-1767) Governor of French Louisiana.

Sieur de Bienville

(1680-1767) Governor of French Louisiana.

A French poet and critic. He was born November 1, 1636 and died March 13, 1711.

Boileau

A French poet and critic. He was born November 1, 1636 and died March 13, 1711.

This border was designed by Oronce Fine a French Mathematician and Cartographer in 1534. It has a design of scrolls all around, and images of figures that are playing music, displaying mathematics and geography.

Oronce Fine

This border was designed by Oronce Fine a French Mathematician and Cartographer in 1534. It has a design…

General Braddock was commander-in-chief of the British and colonial forces.

Braddock

General Braddock was commander-in-chief of the British and colonial forces.

This cabinet is designed in a French style. It is made out of ebony, the molding and ornaments are of brass gilt, the panels of tortoiseshell, inlaid in buhl.

Cabinet

This cabinet is designed in a French style. It is made out of ebony, the molding and ornaments are of…

John Calvin (or Jean Calvin) (10 July 1509 - 27 May 1564) was a French Protestant theologian during the Protestant Reformation and was a central developer of the system of Christian theology called Calvinism or Reformed theology. In Geneva, his ministry both attracted other Protestant refugees and over time made that city a major force in the spread of Reformed theology. He is famous for his teachings and writings, in particular for his Institutes of the Christian Religion.

John Calvin

John Calvin (or Jean Calvin) (10 July 1509 - 27 May 1564) was a French Protestant theologian during…

A French pastor during the Protestant Reformation, who helped develop the system of Christian theology called Calvinism.

John Calvin

A French pastor during the Protestant Reformation, who helped develop the system of Christian theology…

A French explorer who claimed the land that is now Canada for France.

Cartier

A French explorer who claimed the land that is now Canada for France.

Jacques Cartier (1491 &ndash; September 1, 1557) claimed what is now Canada for France. He was the first who described and mapped the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the shores of the Saint Lawrence River.

Jacques Cartier

Jacques Cartier (1491 – September 1, 1557) claimed what is now Canada for France. He was the first…

Portrait of Jacques Cartier discoverer of Canada

Jaques Cartier, discoverer of Canada

Portrait of Jacques Cartier discoverer of Canada

"A Castle is a building constructed for the purpose of repelling attack. The castella left by the Romans were constructed on the general model of their stationary encampments, and though they may have suggested the castles of the Middle Ages, they differed from them in being designed for military purposes only, and not as places of permanent residence."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Castle

"A Castle is a building constructed for the purpose of repelling attack. The castella left by the Romans…

The Metz Cathedral is also known as the St. Etienne de Metz in French. It is a Roman Catholic church located in Moselle, France. The interior nave shown in this picture, is the center aisle that leads to the altar, it is the third highest in France.

Metz Cathedral

The Metz Cathedral is also known as the St. Etienne de Metz in French. It is a Roman Catholic church…

(1835-1903) French explorer and writer who led expeditions throughout Africa and wrote many books such as Land of the Midnight Sun and the Country of the Dwarfs.

Paul B. Chaillu

(1835-1903) French explorer and writer who led expeditions throughout Africa and wrote many books such…

Samuel de Champlain, "The Father of New France", was a French navigator, geographer, cartographer, draughtsman, soldier, explorer, ethnologist, diplomat, chronicler, and the founder of Quebec City on July 3, 1608, of which he was the administrator for the rest of his life.

Samuel de Champlain

Samuel de Champlain, "The Father of New France", was a French navigator, geographer, cartographer, draughtsman,…

Portrait of Jean-Francois Champollion, a French scholar and decipherer of Egyptian hieroglyphs.

Champollion

Portrait of Jean-Francois Champollion, a French scholar and decipherer of Egyptian hieroglyphs.

(--) French major general who led troops for the American Revolution

M. De Choisé

(--) French major general who led troops for the American Revolution

The French minister of finance from 1665 to 1683 under King Louis XIV. He brought the economy back from the brink of bankruptcy.

Jean-Baptiste Colbert

The French minister of finance from 1665 to 1683 under King Louis XIV. He brought the economy back from…

A public square in Paris, France. It is the largest square in the French capital.

The Place de la Concorde

A public square in Paris, France. It is the largest square in the French capital.

Three officials who were given supreme executive powers under the new French constitution of 1799.

The Three Consuls

Three officials who were given supreme executive powers under the new French constitution of 1799.

An illustration of the front (right) and back (left) of the French contrabassoon.

French Contrabassoon

An illustration of the front (right) and back (left) of the French contrabassoon.

The hall where the National Convention took place, which held executive power in France during the French First Republic.

The Hall of the Convention

The hall where the National Convention took place, which held executive power in France during the French…

An illustration of Renee Corbeau in the presents of judges pleading for her freedom to love. Caption below illustration: "Furious through despair, and guided only by her passion, she rushed with such impetuosity through the crowd, that she got into the inner chamber before the judges were separated, and then her face bathed in tears, and all in disorder, she addressed them."

Renee Corbeau

An illustration of Renee Corbeau in the presents of judges pleading for her freedom to love. Caption…

An illustration of Count D'Orsay, a title in the peerage of France. It is named after Orsay.

Count D'Orsay

An illustration of Count D'Orsay, a title in the peerage of France. It is named after Orsay.

A French physicist and chemist famous for her work on radioactivity. She was the first person honored with two Nobel prizes, in physics and chemisty.

Marie Curie

A French physicist and chemist famous for her work on radioactivity. She was the first person honored…

A French general who led a fleet to aid the American patriots, but failed in a few attacks.

Admiral D'Estaing

A French general who led a fleet to aid the American patriots, but failed in a few attacks.

(1867-1942) Author and Political Activist

Alphonse Daudet

(1867-1942) Author and Political Activist

Pierre du Gua de Monts, (c. 1558 - 1628) was a French merchant, explorer and colonizer.

Sieur de Monts

Pierre du Gua de Monts, (c. 1558 - 1628) was a French merchant, explorer and colonizer.

Famous French painter.

Paul Delaroche

Famous French painter.

Catholic system of dragooning the French protesants after the revocation of the edict of the Nantes, under Louis XIV. Caption under illustration: " When one party of these tormentors were weary, they were relieved by another, who practiced the same cruelties with fresh vigor."

Dragooning

Catholic system of dragooning the French protesants after the revocation of the edict of the Nantes,…

(1802-1870) French author that wrote The Three Musketeers and The count of Monte Cristo

Alexandre Dumas

(1802-1870) French author that wrote The Three Musketeers and The count of Monte Cristo

(1802-1870) French author that wrote The Three Musketeers and The count of Monte Cristo

Alexandre Dumas

(1802-1870) French author that wrote The Three Musketeers and The count of Monte Cristo

Famous French general.

Charles Dumouriez

Famous French general.

F&eacute;lix Antoine Philibert Dupanloup (January 3, 1802 &ndash; October 11, 1878) was a French ecclesiastic. In ecclesiastical policy his views were moderate. Both before and during the First Vatican Council, he opposed the definition of the dogma of papal infallibility as inopportune, but after the definition was among the first to accept the dogma. Dupanloup died on October 11, 1878, at the ch&acirc;teau of La Combe-de-Lancey.

Félix Antoine Philibert Dupanloup

Félix Antoine Philibert Dupanloup (January 3, 1802 – October 11, 1878) was a French ecclesiastic.…

"The [earring] is French of 17th century, also of gold open work set with crystals." - Britannica, 1910

Earring

"The [earring] is French of 17th century, also of gold open work set with crystals." - Britannica, 1910

Drawing of Napoleon of France as Emperor.

Napoleon as Emperor

Drawing of Napoleon of France as Emperor.

An English and French seal.

England and France

An English and French seal.

In French gymnastics, exercises with simple wants and sticks are in great favor, as imparting grace of carriage and movement in the upper part of the body. The shoulder joints are especially improved with suppleness, and their spheres of movement rapidly enlarged.

Exercise Wand

In French gymnastics, exercises with simple wants and sticks are in great favor, as imparting grace…

A group of French soldiers during the French Exploration

French Explorers

A group of French soldiers during the French Exploration

A French soldier and general during World War I.

Ferdinand Foch

A French soldier and general during World War I.

"The Early French Forcing is the leading variety for hot-bed culture. The plants have but a very small top, run very even in size, and are of good appearance."&mdash;Rawson, 1892

French Early Forcing

"The Early French Forcing is the leading variety for hot-bed culture. The plants have but a very small…

Fort Duquesne (originally called Fort Du Quesne) was a fort established by the French in 1754, at the junction of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers in what is now downtown Pittsburgh in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. It was destroyed and replaced by Fort Pitt in 1758; over two centuries later, the site formerly occupied by Fort Duquesne is now Point State Park.

Fort Duquesne

Fort Duquesne (originally called Fort Du Quesne) was a fort established by the French in 1754, at the…

Political Cartoon of France at War

France at War

Political Cartoon of France at War

French soldier, 1901

France: soldier 1901

French soldier, 1901

A depiction of Benjamin Franklin in the French royal Court, where he was well-received.

Franklin in French Court

A depiction of Benjamin Franklin in the French royal Court, where he was well-received.

"An assemblage of the most illustrious personages in France in the year 1696, when compared with the numerous effigies and other portraits of the same era in this country." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

French Costume

"An assemblage of the most illustrious personages in France in the year 1696, when compared with the…

French girl doll in traditional national costume.

French doll

French girl doll in traditional national costume.

An illustration showing an insignia for the French-English War.

French-English War

An illustration showing an insignia for the French-English War.

(1838-1882) French Republican statesman and prime minister that after the surrender of Napoleon III helped proclaim the Republic in 1870

Leon Gambetta

(1838-1882) French Republican statesman and prime minister that after the surrender of Napoleon III…

Conrad Alexander Gerard of the French during the Revolution

Conrad Alexander Gerard

Conrad Alexander Gerard of the French during the Revolution