"Meandering course of a brook," (a, b, and c are loops) -Geikie, 1893

Brook

"Meandering course of a brook," (a, b, and c are loops) -Geikie, 1893

"Section of a Limestone Cavern...A limestone hill, perforated by a cavern (b b) which communicates with the valley (v) by an opening (a). The bottom of the cavern is covered with ossiferous loam, above which lies a layer of stalagmite (d d), while stalactites hang from the roof, and by joining the floor separate the cavern into two chambers." -Geikie, 1893

Limestone Cavern

"Section of a Limestone Cavern...A limestone hill, perforated by a cavern (b b) which communicates with…

"Section of a Limestone Cavern with fallen-in roof and concealed entrance." -Geikie, 1893

Limestone Cavern

"Section of a Limestone Cavern with fallen-in roof and concealed entrance." -Geikie, 1893

A section of a cave created by percolated rain water.

Caves

A section of a cave created by percolated rain water.

"Plan of coast-bars and lagoons. Coast of Florida." -Geikie, 1893

Coast Bars

"Plan of coast-bars and lagoons. Coast of Florida." -Geikie, 1893

"Sand-dunes affecting land-drainage." -Geikie, 1893

Dunes

"Sand-dunes affecting land-drainage." -Geikie, 1893

"Plan of a lake entered by three streams (c, d, e), each of which deposits a cone of sediment (a, b) at its mouth." -Geikie, 1893

Lake

"Plan of a lake entered by three streams (c, d, e), each of which deposits a cone of sediment (a, b)…

"Lake filled up and converted into an alluvial plain by the three streams." -Geikie, 1893

Lake

"Lake filled up and converted into an alluvial plain by the three streams." -Geikie, 1893

A diagram of the relief features: mountain, plateau, plain, ocean basin, ocean deep, and volcano.

Relief Features

A diagram of the relief features: mountain, plateau, plain, ocean basin, ocean deep, and volcano.

"A broad, shallow river channel" that would flow slower than a deeper, narrower channel. -Salisbury, 1919

River Channel

"A broad, shallow river channel" that would flow slower than a deeper, narrower channel. -Salisbury,…

A deep, narrow river channel that would flow faster than a broader, shallower channel.

River Channel

A deep, narrow river channel that would flow faster than a broader, shallower channel.

The cross section of a river.

River Cross Section

The cross section of a river.

"Deep-seated Springs (s, s') rising through joints at a fault (f)." -Geikie, 1893

Deep-Seated Springs

"Deep-seated Springs (s, s') rising through joints at a fault (f)." -Geikie, 1893

Simple or surface springs: (d) stratum, (e) clay, (c) pervious bed, (a) strata, (b) valley.

Simple Springs

Simple or surface springs: (d) stratum, (e) clay, (c) pervious bed, (a) strata, (b) valley.

"Streamlet (b) entering a small lake (a), and depositing a fan of sediment (c)." -Geikie, 1893

Streamlet

"Streamlet (b) entering a small lake (a), and depositing a fan of sediment (c)." -Geikie, 1893

"Streamlet (b) entering a small lake (a), and depositing a fan of sediment (c)." -Geikie, 1893

Streamlet

"Streamlet (b) entering a small lake (a), and depositing a fan of sediment (c)." -Geikie, 1893

Section of river terraces.

River Terraces

Section of river terraces.

"Diagram of a valley, the top of which is ten times the width of the stream." -Salisbury, 1919

Valley

"Diagram of a valley, the top of which is ten times the width of the stream." -Salisbury, 1919

"Intricate subterranean course of percolating water." -Geikie, 1893

Subterranean Water

"Intricate subterranean course of percolating water." -Geikie, 1893

The image shows different layers of clay, gravel, and sand and how underground waters travel through. HT is the sand surface S is the lowest point where rain water will settle. W is a well that goes as deep as g. O is gravel where water can fill. A and B are artesian wells.

Underground Waters

The image shows different layers of clay, gravel, and sand and how underground waters travel through.…