Illustration of a decagonal pyramid that has been cut by a plane parallel to the base. The top section has been removed and the remaining section is known as the frustum of the pyramid.

Frustum Of A Decagonal Pyramid

Illustration of a decagonal pyramid that has been cut by a plane parallel to the base. The top section…

Illustration of a hollow septagonal/heptagonal pyramid that has been cut by a plane parallel to the base. The top section has been removed and the remaining section has been turned upside down. It is known as the frustum of the pyramid. The hidden edges are shown in this illustration.

Frustum Of A Decagonal Pyramid

Illustration of a hollow septagonal/heptagonal pyramid that has been cut by a plane parallel to the…

Illustration of a septagonal/heptagonal pyramid that has been cut by a plane parallel to the base. The top section has been removed and the remaining section is known as the frustum of the pyramid. The hidden edges are shown in this illustration.

Frustum Of A Septagonal/Heptagonal Pyramid

Illustration of a septagonal/heptagonal pyramid that has been cut by a plane parallel to the base. The…

Illustration of a right septagonal/heptagonal pyramid, with hidden edges shown, that has been cut by a plane parallel to the base. The lower part is known as the frustum.

Septagonal/Heptagonal Pyramid Cut By Plane

Illustration of a right septagonal/heptagonal pyramid, with hidden edges shown, that has been cut by…

Illustration of a right hexagonal pyramid that has been cut by a plane parallel to the base. The top section has been removed and the remaining section is known as the frustum of the pyramid. The hidden edges are shown in this illustration.

Frustum Of A Hexagonal Pyramid

Illustration of a right hexagonal pyramid that has been cut by a plane parallel to the base. The top…

Illustration of a right hexagonal pyramid that has been cut by a plane parallel to the base. The top section has been removed and the remaining section is known as the frustum of the pyramid.

Frustum Of A Hexagonal Pyramid

Illustration of a right hexagonal pyramid that has been cut by a plane parallel to the base. The top…

Illustration of a right hexagonal pyramid that has been cut by a plane parallel to the base. The top section has been removed and the remaining section is known as the frustum of the pyramid.

Frustum Of A Hexagonal Pyramid

Illustration of a right hexagonal pyramid that has been cut by a plane parallel to the base. The top…

Illustration of a right hexagonal pyramid that has been cut by a plane parallel to the base. The lower part is known as the frustum.

Hexagonal Pyramid Cut By Plane

Illustration of a right hexagonal pyramid that has been cut by a plane parallel to the base. The lower…

Illustration of a skewed hexagonal pyramid that has been cut by a plane parallel to the base. The top section has been removed and the remaining section is known as the frustum of the pyramid. The hidden edges are shown in this illustration.

Frustum Of A Skewed Hexagonal Pyramid

Illustration of a skewed hexagonal pyramid that has been cut by a plane parallel to the base. The top…

Illustration of a hollow nonagonal pyramid that has been cut by a plane parallel to the base. The top section has been removed and the remaining section has been turned upside down. It is known as the frustum of the pyramid.

Frustum Of A Nonagonal Pyramid

Illustration of a hollow nonagonal pyramid that has been cut by a plane parallel to the base. The top…

Illustration of a right octagonal pyramid, with hidden edges shown, that has been cut by a plane parallel to the base. The lower part is known as the frustum.

Octagonal Pyramid Cut By Plane

Illustration of a right octagonal pyramid, with hidden edges shown, that has been cut by a plane parallel…

Illustration of a right octagonal pyramid that has been cut by a plane parallel to the base. The lower part is known as the frustum.

Octagonal Pyramid Cut By Plane

Illustration of a right octagonal pyramid that has been cut by a plane parallel to the base. The lower…

Illustration of a hollow octagonal pyramid that has been cut by a plane parallel to the base. The top section has been removed and the remaining section has been turned upside down. It is known as the frustum of the pyramid.

Frustum Of A Octagonal Pyramid

Illustration of a hollow octagonal pyramid that has been cut by a plane parallel to the base. The top…

Illustration of a right pentagonal pyramid that has been cut by a plane parallel to the base. The top section has been removed and the remaining section is known as the frustum of the pyramid. The hidden edges are shown in this illustration.

Frustum Of A Pentagonal Pyramid

Illustration of a right pentagonal pyramid that has been cut by a plane parallel to the base. The top…

Illustration of a hollow pentagonal pyramid that has been cut by a plane parallel to the base. The top section has been removed and the remaining section has been turned upside down. It is known as the frustum of the pyramid.

Frustum Of A Pentagonal Pyramid

Illustration of a hollow pentagonal pyramid that has been cut by a plane parallel to the base. The top…

Illustration of a skewed pentagonal pyramid that has been cut by a plane parallel to the base. The top section has been removed and the remaining section is known as the frustum of the pyramid. The hidden edges are shown in this illustration.

Frustum Of A Skewed Pentagonal Pyramid

Illustration of a skewed pentagonal pyramid that has been cut by a plane parallel to the base. The top…

Illustration of a right pentagonal pyramid, with a height much larger than the edge lengths of the base, that has been cut by a plane parallel to the base. The top section has been removed and the remaining section is known as the frustum of the pyramid. The hidden edges are shown in this illustration.

Frustum Of A Pentagonal Pyramid

Illustration of a right pentagonal pyramid, with a height much larger than the edge lengths of the base,…

Illustration of a right pentagonal pyramid, with a height smaller than the edge lengths of the base, that has been cut by a plane parallel to the base. The top section has been removed and the remaining section is known as the frustum of the pyramid. The hidden edges are shown in this illustration.

Frustum Of A Pentagonal Pyramid

Illustration of a right pentagonal pyramid, with a height smaller than the edge lengths of the base,…

Illustration of a hollow pentagonal pyramid that has been cut by a plane parallel to the base. The top section has been removed and the remaining section has been turned upside down. It is known as the frustum of the pyramid. The hidden edges are shown in this illustration.

Frustum Of A Pentagonal Pyramid

Illustration of a hollow pentagonal pyramid that has been cut by a plane parallel to the base. The top…

Illustration of a right rectangular pyramid that has been cut by a plane parallel to the base. The lower part is known as the frustum.

Rectangular Pyramid Cut By Plane

Illustration of a right rectangular pyramid that has been cut by a plane parallel to the base. The lower…

Illustration of a right rectangular pyramid that has been cut by a plane parallel to the base. The top section has been removed and placed next to the lower section. The lower part is known as the frustum.

Rectangular Pyramid Cut By Plane

Illustration of a right rectangular pyramid that has been cut by a plane parallel to the base. The top…

Illustration of a right rectangular pyramid that has been cut by a plane parallel to the base. The top section has been removed and the remaining section is known as the frustum of the pyramid. The hidden edges are shown in this illustration.

Frustum Of A Rectangular Pyramid

Illustration of a right rectangular pyramid that has been cut by a plane parallel to the base. The top…

Illustration of a right rectangular pyramid that has been cut by a plane parallel to the base. The top section has been removed and the remaining section is known as the frustum of the pyramid.

Frustum Of A Rectangular Pyramid

Illustration of a right rectangular pyramid that has been cut by a plane parallel to the base. The top…

Illustration of a right rectangular pyramid that has been cut by a plane parallel to the base. The top section has been removed and placed next to the lower section. The lower part is known as the frustum.

Rectangular Pyramid Cut By Plane

Illustration of a right rectangular pyramid that has been cut by a plane parallel to the base. The top…

Illustration of a right rectangular pyramid that has been cut by a plane parallel to the base. The lower part is known as the frustum.

Rectangular Pyramid Cut By Plane

Illustration of a right rectangular pyramid that has been cut by a plane parallel to the base. The lower…

Illustration of a right hollow rectangular pyramid that has been cut by a plane parallel to the base. The top section has been removed and the remaining section has been turned upside down. It is known as the frustum of the pyramid.

Frustum Of A Rectangular Pyramid

Illustration of a right hollow rectangular pyramid that has been cut by a plane parallel to the base.…

Illustration of a right hollow rectangular pyramid that has been cut by a plane parallel to the base. The top section has been removed and the remaining section has been turned upside down. It is known as the frustum of the pyramid. Hidden edges are shown in this drawing.

Frustum Of A Rectangular Pyramid

Illustration of a right hollow rectangular pyramid that has been cut by a plane parallel to the base.…

Illustration of 3 ladders leaning against the side of a building (wall) to form right triangles. The distance from the base of the ladders to the wall is the same for all three ladders.

3 Ladders Leaning Against a Wall

Illustration of 3 ladders leaning against the side of a building (wall) to form right triangles. The…

Illustration of a right decagonal pyramid. The base is a decagon and the faces are isosceles triangles. The hidden edges are shown in this illustration.

Decagonal Pyramid

Illustration of a right decagonal pyramid. The base is a decagon and the faces are isosceles triangles.…

Illustration of a hollow right decagonal pyramid. The base is a decagon and the faces are isosceles triangles. The pyramid is inverted, meaning that the vertex is at the bottom and the base is on top.

Inverted Decagonal Pyramid

Illustration of a hollow right decagonal pyramid. The base is a decagon and the faces are isosceles…

Illustration of a right septagonal/heptagonal pyramid with hidden edges shown. The base is a heptagon and the faces are isosceles triangles.

Septagonal/Heptagonal Pyramid

Illustration of a right septagonal/heptagonal pyramid with hidden edges shown. The base is a heptagon…

Illustration of a hollow right heptagonal (septagonal) pyramid. The base is a heptagon and the faces are isosceles triangles. The pyramid is inverted, meaning that the vertex is at the bottom and the base is on top.

Inverted Septagonal/Heptagonal Pyramid

Illustration of a hollow right heptagonal (septagonal) pyramid. The base is a heptagon and the faces…

Illustration of a hollow right heptagonal (septagonal) pyramid. The base is a heptagon and the faces are isosceles triangles. The pyramid is inverted, meaning that the vertex is at the bottom and the base is on top. The hidden edges are shown in this drawing.

Inverted Septagonal/Heptagonal Pyramid

Illustration of a hollow right heptagonal (septagonal) pyramid. The base is a heptagon and the faces…

Illustration of a right hexagonal pyramid with hidden edges shown. The base is a hexagon and the faces are isosceles triangles.

Hexagonal Pyramid

Illustration of a right hexagonal pyramid with hidden edges shown. The base is a hexagon and the faces…

Illustration of a right hexagonal pyramid with hidden edges shown.  The base is a hexagon and the faces are isosceles triangles.

Hexagonal Pyramid

Illustration of a right hexagonal pyramid with hidden edges shown. The base is a hexagon and the faces…

Illustration of a hollow right hexagonal pyramid. The base is a hexagon and the faces are isosceles triangles. The pyramid is inverted, meaning that the vertex is at the bottom and the base is on top.

Inverted Hexagonal Pyramid

Illustration of a hollow right hexagonal pyramid. The base is a hexagon and the faces are isosceles…

Illustration of a non-right, or skewed, hexagonal pyramid with hidden edges shown. The base is a hexagon and the faces are isosceles triangles.

Skewed Hexagonal Pyramid

Illustration of a non-right, or skewed, hexagonal pyramid with hidden edges shown. The base is a hexagon…

Illustration of a right nonagonal pyramid with hidden edges shown.  The base is a nonagon and the faces are isosceles triangles.

Nonagonal Pyramid

Illustration of a right nonagonal pyramid with hidden edges shown. The base is a nonagon and the faces…

Illustration of a hollow right nonagonal pyramid. The base is a nonagon and the faces are isosceles triangles. The pyramid is inverted, meaning that the vertex is at the bottom and the base is on top.

Inverted Nonagonal Pyramid

Illustration of a hollow right nonagonal pyramid. The base is a nonagon and the faces are isosceles…

Illustration of a right octagonal pyramid with hidden edges shown. The base is an octagon and the faces are isosceles triangles.

Octagonal Pyramid

Illustration of a right octagonal pyramid with hidden edges shown. The base is an octagon and the faces…

Illustration of a hollow right octagonal pyramid. The base is an octagon and the faces are isosceles triangles. The pyramid is inverted, meaning that the vertex is at the bottom and the base is on top.

Inverted Octagonal Pyramid

Illustration of a hollow right octagonal pyramid. The base is an octagon and the faces are isosceles…

Illustration of a right pentagonal pyramid with hidden edges shown. The base is an pentagon and the faces are isosceles triangles.

Pentagonal Pyramid

Illustration of a right pentagonal pyramid with hidden edges shown. The base is an pentagon and the…

Illustration of a right pentagonal pyramid with hidden edges shown. The base is an pentagon and the faces are isosceles triangles.

Pentagonal Pyramid

Illustration of a right pentagonal pyramid with hidden edges shown. The base is an pentagon and the…

Illustration of a right pentagonal pyramid viewed from below with hidden edges shown. The base is an pentagon and the faces are isosceles triangles.

Pentagonal Pyramid

Illustration of a right pentagonal pyramid viewed from below with hidden edges shown. The base is an…

Illustration of a right pentagonal pyramid viewed from below. The base is an pentagon and the faces are isosceles triangles.

Pentagonal Pyramid

Illustration of a right pentagonal pyramid viewed from below. The base is an pentagon and the faces…

Illustration of 2 similar right pentagonal pyramids with hidden edges shown. The height of the pyramid and length of the side of the pentagon (base) on the smaller pentagonal pyramid are one half that of the larger.

Similar Pentagonal Pyramids

Illustration of 2 similar right pentagonal pyramids with hidden edges shown. The height of the pyramid…

Illustration of a right rectangular pyramid with hidden edges shown. The base is a rectangle and the faces are isosceles triangles.

Rectangular Pyramid

Illustration of a right rectangular pyramid with hidden edges shown. The base is a rectangle and the…

Illustration of a right rectangular pyramid with hidden edges shown. The base is a rectangle and the faces are isosceles triangles. The height of the pyramid is much larger then the length and width of the base.

Rectangular Pyramid

Illustration of a right rectangular pyramid with hidden edges shown. The base is a rectangle and the…

Illustration of a non-right, or skewed, rectangular pyramid with hidden edges shown. The base is a rectangle and the faces are isosceles triangles.

Skewed Rectangular Pyramid

Illustration of a non-right, or skewed, rectangular pyramid with hidden edges shown. The base is a rectangle…

Illustration of a right rectangular pyramid with hidden edges shown. The base is a rectangle and the faces are isosceles triangles.

Rectangular Pyramid

Illustration of a right rectangular pyramid with hidden edges shown. The base is a rectangle and the…

Illustration of a hollow right rectangular pyramid. The base is a rectangle and the faces are isosceles triangles. The pyramid is inverted, meaning that the vertex is at the bottom and the base is on top.

Inverted Rectangular Pyramid

Illustration of a hollow right rectangular pyramid. The base is a rectangle and the faces are isosceles…

Illustration of a right rectangular pyramid with hidden edges shown. The base is a rectangle and the faces are isosceles triangles.

Rectangular Pyramid

Illustration of a right rectangular pyramid with hidden edges shown. The base is a rectangle and the…

The base of the skull. The lower jaw has been removed. At the lower part of the figure is the hard palate forming the roof of the mouth and surrounded by the upper set of teeth

Base of the Skull

The base of the skull. The lower jaw has been removed. At the lower part of the figure is the hard palate…

The base of the brain. The cerebral hemispheres are seen overlapping all the rest. Labels: I, olfactory lobes; II, optic tract passing to the optic chiasma from which the optic nerves proceed; III, the third nerve or motor oculi; IV, the fourth nerve or patheticus; V, the fifth nerve or trigminalis; VI, the sixth nerve or abducens; VII, the seventh or facial nerve; VIII, the auditory nerve; IX, the ninth or glossopharyngeal; X, the tenth or pneumogastric or vagus; XI, the spinal accessory; XII, the hypoglossal; ncI, the first cervical spinal nerve.

Base of the Brain

The base of the brain. The cerebral hemispheres are seen overlapping all the rest. Labels: I, olfactory…

Leaves - simple, alternate, edge entire. Outline - long oval. Apex - pointed. Base - pointed. Leaf - five to ten inches long, thin, dark green above; green beneath and slightly downy; growing along the branch and not simply in a cluster at its end. Bark - dark and rough. Flowers - three to six inches across, bluish or yellowish-white, abundant and fragrant. May, June. Fruit - in a cylinder-shaped bunch, two to three inches long, and somewhat resembling a small cucumber. Found - in rich woods from Western New York to southern Illinois and southward, and in cultivation. Its finest growth is in the southern Alleghany Mountains.  General Information - A tree sixty to ninety feet high, with a straight trunk and rich foliage. The wood is durable, soft, and light. Used for cabinet-work, for flooring, for pump-logs, and water-troughs. As in other magnolias the juice is bitter and aromatic. From "magnol," the name of a botanist of the seventeenth century.

Genus Magnolia, L. (Magnolia)

Leaves - simple, alternate, edge entire. Outline - long oval. Apex - pointed. Base - pointed. Leaf -…

Leaves - Simple, alternate, edge entire. Outline - long oval or slightly reverse egg-shape. Apex, slightly blunt-pointed. Base, pointed. Leaf -about three to six inches long, thick and smooth; dark green and polished above; white below; the middle rib green and distinct; the side ribs slight and indistinct. Bark - of trunk, smoothish, light gray, aromatic and bitter. Flowers - large (two to three inches wide), white, at the ends of the branches, very fragrant. June, July. Fruit - bright red berries, at first in small cone-like clusters, then hanging by slender threads. September.  Found - in swampy ground, from Massachusetts southward, usually near the coast. <p>General Information - A small tree (often a bush) four to twenty-five feet high, or higher southward, where its leaves are evergreen. All parts of the tree (and it is the same with the other magnolias) have an intensely bitter, aromatic juice, which is stimulating and tonic. From "magnol," the name of a botanist of the seventeenth century.

Genus Magnolia, L. (Magnolia)

Leaves - Simple, alternate, edge entire. Outline - long oval or slightly reverse egg-shape. Apex, slightly…

Leaves - Simple, alternate, edge entire. Outline - long oval or slightly reverse egg-shape. Apex, short, sharp-pointed. Base, pointed. Leaf - twelve to thirty-six inches long, six to eight inches wide; rather dark green above; lighter beneath; silky when young, but soon smooth; growing in clusters at the ends of the branches. Bark - smoothish and light. Flowers - seven to eight inches across, at the ends of the branches, white, and fragrant. May, June. Fruit - in a cylinder-shaped bunch, four to five inches long, and rose-colored as it ripens. Found - in Southeastern Pennsylvania and southward along the Alleghany Mountains, and in cultivation. <p>General Information - A tree twenty to thirty feet high, with irregular branches, and light, soft wood. As in other magnolias the juice is bitter and fragrant. From "magnol," the name of a botanist of the seventeenth century.

Genus Magnolia, L. (Magnolia)

Leaves - Simple, alternate, edge entire. Outline - long oval or slightly reverse egg-shape. Apex, short,…

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge entire. Outline - long, reverse egg-shape. Apex - pointed, in small leaves, sometimes rounded. Base - taper-pointed or slightly rounded. Leaf - five to ten inches long, thin, rusty downy with young, soon becoming smooth and polished. Bark - slivery-gray, smooth and polished; young shoots downy. Flowers - one and a half inches wide; dark to light, in drooping clusters, appearing with the leaves. March, April. Fruit - about three inches long by one and a half inches thick, egg-shape, yellow, about ten-seeded, fragrant, sweet, and edible. October. Found - from Western New York to Southern Iowa and southward. General Information - A small tree of unpleasant odor when bruised, ten to twenty feet high (or often only a bush) and densely clothed with its long leaves.<p>General Information - A small tree of unpleasant odor when bruised, ten to twenty feet high (or often only a bush) and densely clothed with its long leaves.

Genus Asimina, Adans (Papaw)

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge entire. Outline - long, reverse egg-shape. Apex - pointed, in small…

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge entire. Outline - round heart-shape. Apex - tapering and rather blunt, sometimes with a short bristle. Base - heart shape. Leaf/Stem - smooth and swollen at each end into a sort of knob. Leaf - usually about four to five inches long and wide; rather thin, smooth above and below; with seven prominent ribs radiating from the end of the leaf-stem. Flowers - reddish, acid, usually abundant in small clusters along the branches; appearing before the leaves. March to May. Fruit - a small, many-seeded, flat pod, winged along the seed-bearing stem. Seeds - reverse egg-shape. Found - in rich soil, Western Pennsylvania, westward and southward. Common in cultivation. General Information - A small and fine ornamental tree, with long, flat-leaved branches. The name "Judas tree" is traditional. "This is the tree whereon Judas did hang himself, and not the elder tree, as it is said." From a Greek word meaning "shuttle," because of the shuttle-shaped pod.

Genus Cercis, L. (Red Bud)

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge entire. Outline - round heart-shape. Apex - tapering and rather blunt,…

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge entire. Outline - oval or reverse egg-shape. Apex - pointed. Base - pointed. Leaf/Stem - slightly hairy when young. Leaf - two to five inches long; usually about half as broad; dark green and very shining above, especially when old; light green and shining below; thick, tough, and firm. Middle rib slightly hairy when young; side ribs rather indistinct and curved. Bark - grayish and often broken into short sections. Fertile Flowers - small, in clusters of three to eight on slender stems. April, May. Fruit - nearly one half inch long; bluish-black when ripe; egg-shape or oval; acid and rather bitter until "frosted." Stone - oval, somewhat pointed at each end, slightly flattened, and with three or four blunt ridges on each side. September. Found - from Southern Maine to Michigan, and southward to Florida and Texas. General Information - A tree twenty to forty feet high (larger southward), with flat, horizontal branches. The wood, even in short lengths, is very difficult of cleavage, and so is well fitted for beetles, hubs of wheels, pulleys, etc. Its leaves are the first to ripen in the fall, changing (sometimes as early as August) to a bright crimson. In the South, opossums climb the tree in search of its fruit and are immortalized in stories.

Genus Nyssa, L. (Sour Gum)

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge entire. Outline - oval or reverse egg-shape. Apex - pointed. Base -…