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The bill of the gull (Laridae) is epignathous: "hook-billed; having the end of the upper mandible decurved over and beyond that of the lower one." -Whitney, 1911

Gull Bill

The bill of the gull (Laridae) is epignathous: "hook-billed; having the end of the upper mandible decurved…

"Head of Scolopendra, from below, showing the epilabrum, the protomala with its cardo (Card), and stipes (St); Ant, antenna." -Whitney, 1911

Centipede Head

"Head of Scolopendra, from below, showing the epilabrum, the protomala with its cardo (Card), and stipes…

"Part of Epiphyllospermous Frond. In botany, bearing the fruit or spores on the back of the leaves or fronds, as ferns." -Whitney, 1911

Epiphyllospermous Frond

"Part of Epiphyllospermous Frond. In botany, bearing the fruit or spores on the back of the leaves or…

"Right Femur of a Youth. E, E, epiphyses; gtr, ltr, greater and lesser trochanter; h, head; et, it, external and internal tuberosity; ec, ic, external and internal condyle; n, neck." -Whitney, 1911

Youth Femur

"Right Femur of a Youth. E, E, epiphyses; gtr, ltr, greater and lesser trochanter; h, head; et, it,…

"Epipleurae.-- Thorax, scapular arch, and part of pelvic arch of a bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus). ep, four epipleurae or uncinate processes of as many ribs; pl, pleurapophysial parts of seven ribs; hp, hemapopysial parts of six ribs; v, dorsolumbar vertebrae; st, sternum (the letters are on the carina or keel); m, manubrium sterni; cp, costal process of sternum, bearing f, furcula; ec, epiclidium of furcula; h, hypoclidium of fucula; gl, glenoid fossa, formed by coracoid and scapula; il, ilium; is, ischium; p, pubis; a, acetabulum." -Whitney, 1911

Bobolink Epipleurae

"Epipleurae.-- Thorax, scapular arch, and part of pelvic arch of a bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus).…

"Epistylis anastatica, magnified, growing in seven zoödendria or dendriform colonies of zoöids, on an entomostracous crustacean. (Two detached individuals on the left are much more highly magnified.)" -Whitney, 1911

Ciliate

"Epistylis anastatica, magnified, growing in seven zoödendria or dendriform colonies of zoöids,…

Also known as fish lice, this is a species of copepod, a parasitic crustacean. "Female of Chondracathus gibbosus, enlarged; and example of the crustaceous Epizoa. A, lateral view." -Whitney, 1911

Copepod

Also known as fish lice, this is a species of copepod, a parasitic crustacean. "Female of Chondracathus…

Also known as fish lice, this is a species of copepod, a parasitic crustacean. "Female of Chondracathus gibbosus, enlarged; and example of the crustaceous Epizoa. B, ventral view; a, head; b, c, appendages; d, d, mediodorsal processes; e, e, medioventral processes; f, i, h, lateral processes; g, ovisacs; k, terminal segment; l, minute male lodged in vulva of female; m, n, mediodorsal ovarian tubes; p, lateral ovarian tubes; o, o, oviduct; 2, 3, antennules; 4, 5, 6, antennae, gnathites." -Whitney, 1911

Copepod

Also known as fish lice, this is a species of copepod, a parasitic crustacean. "Female of Chondracathus…

"Skeleton of Horse (Equus caballus). fr, frontal bone; C, cervical vertebrae; D, dorsal vertebrae; L, lumbar vertebrae; cd, caudal vertebrae; sc, scapula; pe, pelvis; ma, mandible; hu, humerus; ra, radius; cp, carpus; mc, metacarpus; fe, femur; tib, tibia; ca, calcaneum; tar, tarsus; mt, metatarsus; p, phalanges." -Whitney, 1911

Horse Skeleton

"Skeleton of Horse (Equus caballus). fr, frontal bone; C, cervical vertebrae; D, dorsal vertebrae; L,…

"Equipotential Lines about two similarly electrified spheres, A and B, the quantities of electricity being as 2:1. The lines of force are also shown radiating from the spheres." -Whitney, 1911

Equipotential

"Equipotential Lines about two similarly electrified spheres, A and B, the quantities of electricity…

"Equisetum sylvaticum: a, a, sheath crowned with teeth; b, branches; c, c, fruiting spikes. 2. Clypeola, bearing sporangia. 3. Spore, with elaters coiled about it." -Whitney, 1911

Wood Horsetail

"Equisetum sylvaticum: a, a, sheath crowned with teeth; b, branches; c, c, fruiting spikes. 2. Clypeola,…

"A Lion's Head Erased. In heraldry, represented as having been forcibly torn off, the separated parts being left jagged, as opposed to couped." -Whitney, 1911

Erased

"A Lion's Head Erased. In heraldry, represented as having been forcibly torn off, the separated parts…

"The 'house of Erechtheus'; a temple of Ionic order on the Acropolis of Athens, noted as one of the most original achievements of Hellenic architecture." -Whitney, 1911

Erechtheum

"The 'house of Erechtheus'; a temple of Ionic order on the Acropolis of Athens, noted as one of the…

Eremopteris artemisiaefolia is a species of "a genus of fossil ferns, separated from Sphenopteris." -Whitney, 1911

Fossil Fern

Eremopteris artemisiaefolia is a species of "a genus of fossil ferns, separated from Sphenopteris."…

"1. Cross-section of the ovary (sphacelia), in the early stage of the fungus, showing the mycelium (a a a), conidophores (b b), and conidia (c c). 2. Ergot on its supporting grass. 3. Fully developed ergot (a), bearing the furrowed remains of the ovary (b). 4. Ergot which has produced 7 stromata. 5. Longitudinal medial section of a stroma, showing the numerous perithecia just beneath the surface. 6. Longitudinal medial section of a perithecium, showing the slender asci arising from the base. 7. An isolated ascus from which the filiform spores are escaping." -Whitney, 1911

Ergot

"1. Cross-section of the ovary (sphacelia), in the early stage of the fungus, showing the mycelium (a…

"The ancient southern constellation of the River (Po or Padus)." -Whitney, 1911

Eridanus

"The ancient southern constellation of the River (Po or Padus)." -Whitney, 1911

"In heraldry, one of the furs, represented with its peculiar spots black on a white ground (argent, spots sable)." -Whitney, 1911

Ermine

"In heraldry, one of the furs, represented with its peculiar spots black on a white ground (argent,…

"In heraldry, a fur of a black ground with white spots (sable, spots argent): reverse of ermine. Also called counter-ermine, contre-ermine." -Whitney, 1911

Ermines

"In heraldry, a fur of a black ground with white spots (sable, spots argent): reverse of ermine. Also…

"In heraldry, a fur of a tincture resembling ermine, except that the ground is or (gold)." -Whitney, 1911

Erminois

"In heraldry, a fur of a tincture resembling ermine, except that the ground is or (gold)." -Whitney,…

Erotylus boisduvali, a fungus beetle. "e, beetle; f, palpus; g, tarsus, from below; h, terminal joint of tarsus, from above; i, antenna." -Whitney, 1911

Fungus Beetle

Erotylus boisduvali, a fungus beetle. "e, beetle; f, palpus; g, tarsus, from below; h, terminal joint…

"In heraldry, represented as covered with escallop- or scallop-shells: said of the field; also, covered with an imbricated pattern of curving lines." -Whitney, 1911

Escalloped

"In heraldry, represented as covered with escallop- or scallop-shells: said of the field; also, covered…

"Escallonia macrantha. Escallonia is a South American genus of trees or shrubs, of the natural order Saxifragaceae, allied to the Itea of the United States." -Whitney, 1911

Escallonia

"Escallonia macrantha. Escallonia is a South American genus of trees or shrubs, of the natural order…

"Esophageal Ring. Anterior end of nervous system of Polynoë, a polychaetous annelid, showing, a, cerebral ganglia, connected by the esophageal ring, b, with the ventral series of ganglia, c." -Whitney, 1911

Scale Worm Nervous System

"Esophageal Ring. Anterior end of nervous system of Polynoë, a polychaetous annelid, showing, a,…

"Esparto-Grasses. 1, 4, stalk and fruit of Macrochloa tenacissima. 2, 3, 5, stalk, flowering stem, and fruit of Lygeum Spartum." -Whitney, 1911

Esparto Grass

"Esparto-Grasses. 1, 4, stalk and fruit of Macrochloa tenacissima. 2, 3, 5, stalk, flowering stem, and…

"Cartilaginous Cranium of the Pike (Esox lucius), with its intrinsic ossifications. A, top view; 3, small ossifications in the rostrum; N, N, nasal fossae; I Or, interorbital septum; Eth, ethmoid; Prf, Ptf, prefrontal and postfrontal; EpO, epiotic; OpO, opisthotic; Pt, pteriotic; EO, exoccipital." -Whitney, 1911

Pike Cranium

"Cartilaginous Cranium of the Pike (Esox lucius), with its intrinsic ossifications. A, top view; 3,…

"Cartilaginous Cranium of the Pike (Esox lucius), with its intrinsic ossifications. B, side view: V, VII, exits of trigeminal and of pneumogastric nerves; 3, small ossifications in the rostrum; I Or, interorbital septum; Eth, ethmoid; Prf, Ptf, prefrontal and postfrontal; PrO, proötic; EpO, epiotic; OpO, opisthotic; Pt, pteriotic; EO, exoccipital; BO, basioccipital; BS, basisphenoid; AS, alisphenoid." -Whitney, 1911

Pike Cranium

"Cartilaginous Cranium of the Pike (Esox lucius), with its intrinsic ossifications. B, side view: V,…

"Gules, an estoile argent," or a silver star on a red background. -Whitney, 1911

Estoile

"Gules, an estoile argent," or a silver star on a red background. -Whitney, 1911

"A pelagic family of radioflagellate infusorians, typified by the genus Euchitonia. The animalcules are free-floating." -Whitney, 1911

Euchitonia

"A pelagic family of radioflagellate infusorians, typified by the genus Euchitonia. The animalcules…

"Female Moth of Gooseberry-spanworm (Eufitchia ribearia)." -Whitney, 1911

Gooseberry Spanworm

"Female Moth of Gooseberry-spanworm (Eufitchia ribearia)." -Whitney, 1911

The Resin Spurge (Euphorbia resinifera) is a flowering plant that superficially resembles a cactus. "Top of Stem of Euphorbia resinifera. a, involucre with inclosed flowers; b, section of same." -Whitney, 1911

Resin Spurge

The Resin Spurge (Euphorbia resinifera) is a flowering plant that superficially resembles a cactus.…

"Eupsamma. A genus of perforate stone-corals, as E. brongniartiana (shown here), of the family Eupsammidae." -Whitney, 1911

Eupsamma

"Eupsamma. A genus of perforate stone-corals, as E. brongniartiana (shown here), of the family Eupsammidae."…

"Eurotium repens. A, a small portion of the mycelium with a conidiophore (c), terminated by the sterigmata (st), from which the spores have fallen, also with the spiral female organ, the ascogonium (as). B the spiral ascogonium (as) with antheridium (p). C, the same beginning to be surrounded by threads, out of which the wall of the perithecium is formed. D, a perithecium. E, F, sections of young perithecia: w, cells composing the wall; f, false parenchyma underneath the wall; as ascogonium. G, ascus. H, an ascopore." -Whitney, 1911

Eurotium Fungus

"Eurotium repens. A, a small portion of the mycelium with a conidiophore (c), terminated by the sterigmata…

"A horse- or steam-power machine for digging, moving, or transporting loose gravel, sand, or soil." -Whitney, 1911

Excavator

"A horse- or steam-power machine for digging, moving, or transporting loose gravel, sand, or soil."…

"Exogen. 1. Section of a branch of three years' growth: a, medulla or pith; b b, medullary sheath; e e, medullary rays; c c c, circles of annual growth; d, bark. 2. Netted veined leaf (oak). 3. Dicotyledonous seed: a, cotyledon. 4. Germination of dicotyledonous seed: a a, seed-leaves or cotyledons; o, plumula. 5. Exogenous flower (crowfoot)." -Whitney, 1911

Section of Branch Showing Exogen

"Exogen. 1. Section of a branch of three years' growth: a, medulla or pith; b b, medullary sheath; e…

"Geaster tenuipes. a, endoperidium; b, b, exoperidium." -Whitney, 1911

Endoperidium of Geaster

"Geaster tenuipes. a, endoperidium; b, b, exoperidium." -Whitney, 1911

"In machinery, a drum of adjustable diameter used with a belt to effect changes as desired in the speed of machinery." -Whitney, 1911

Expansion Drum

"In machinery, a drum of adjustable diameter used with a belt to effect changes as desired in the speed…

"Human Eye, in Median Vertical Anteroposterior Section. (Ciliary processes shown, through not all lying in this section.) A, anterior, and A', posterior chambers of aqueous humor; a, central artery of retina; C, cornea; Ch, choroid; cj, conjunctiva; cm, ciliary muscle; cp, ciliary processs; H, hyaloid; I, iris; L, crystalline lens in its capsule (the reference-line passes through the pupil); l, l', insertion of tendon of superior and inferior rectus muscles; o, optic nerve; P, canal of Petit; R, retina; S, sclerotic; s, s', circular sinus or canal of Schlemm; V, vitreous body filling back part of the eye." -Whitney, 1911

Median Vertical Anteroposterior Section of Eye

"Human Eye, in Median Vertical Anteroposterior Section. (Ciliary processes shown, through not all lying…

"Right Eyeball of Bird, seen from behind, showing the following muscles; a, rectus superior; b, rectus externus; c, rectus inferior; d, rectus internus; e, obliquus superior; f, obliquus inferior; g, quadratus; h, pyramidalis, with its tendon, k, passing through a pulley in the quadratus (as shown by dotted line) to keep it off the optic nerve, i, then passing around the edge of the ball to its insertion in the nictitating membrane." -Whitney, 1911

Right Eyeball of Bird

"Right Eyeball of Bird, seen from behind, showing the following muscles; a, rectus superior; b, rectus…

"Exterior of Left Human Eye. 1, supercilium, or eyebrow; 2, palpebra superior, or upper eyelid; 3, 3, cilia, or eyelashes; 4, caruncula lacrymalis; 5, plica semilunaris; 6, pupil; 7, iris." -Whitney, 1911

Exterior of Left Human Eye

"Exterior of Left Human Eye. 1, supercilium, or eyebrow; 2, palpebra superior, or upper eyelid; 3, 3,…

"Muscles of Left Human Eyeball. so, superior oblique, passing through a trochlea or pulley; io, inferior oblique; sr, superior rectus; ifr, interior rectus; ir, internal rectus; er, external rectus; f, frontal sinus; m, maxillary sinus; o, optic nerve." -Whitney, 1911

Muscles of Left Eyeball

"Muscles of Left Human Eyeball. so, superior oblique, passing through a trochlea or pulley; io, inferior…

"Eye-splice. A sort of eye or circle formed by splicing the end of a rope into itself. a, one strand stuck; b, all three strands stuck once; c, all three strands stuck three times (finished splicing)." -Whitney, 1911

Eye Splice in Three Steps

"Eye-splice. A sort of eye or circle formed by splicing the end of a rope into itself. a, one strand…

"Naut.: A strip of board with holes in it for running rigging to pass through and be kept clear, so as to be easily distinguished at night." -Whitney, 1911

Fair-Leader

"Naut.: A strip of board with holes in it for running rigging to pass through and be kept clear, so…

"Fake. Naut., one of the circles or windings of a cable or hawser as it lies in a coil; a single turn or coil, as one of the oblong loops into which a shot-line is wound in being placed in a faking-box." -Whitney, 1911

Rope Coiled in Fakes on Deck

"Fake. Naut., one of the circles or windings of a cable or hawser as it lies in a coil; a single turn…

"Falcon-bill of about 1450. A form of martel-de-fer, distinguished by its slightly curved and sharp point." -Whitney, 1911

Falcon Bill

"Falcon-bill of about 1450. A form of martel-de-fer, distinguished by its slightly curved and sharp…

"A small desk in cathedrals, churches, etc., at which the litany is enjoined to be sung or said. It is sometimes called a litany stool or litany desk, and when used it is generally placed in the middle of the choir, sometimes near the steps of the altar." -Whitney, 1911

Faldstool

"A small desk in cathedrals, churches, etc., at which the litany is enjoined to be sung or said. It…

"Fan-crest, about 1350. A form of crest common in the middle ages at different periods, as in the reign of Richard I. of England, whose second great seal shows this crest, and again at the end of the thirteenth century, when it assumed the shape of a fan or screen with radiating ribs, attached to the helm at a single point." -Whitney, 1911

Medieval Helmet with Fan Crest

"Fan-crest, about 1350. A form of crest common in the middle ages at different periods, as in the reign…

"A pressure-blower used to send a blast through screens upon which grain is falling to clean it from the chaff and dust; a winnowing-machine. It usually forms a part of a threshing-machine, or is used in connection with grain-elevators." -Whitney, 1911

Fanning Mill

"A pressure-blower used to send a blast through screens upon which grain is falling to clean it from…

"In Rom. antiq., bundles of rods, usually of birch, with an ax bound in with them, the blade projecting, borne by lictors before the superior Roman magistrates as a badge of their power over life and limb." -Whitney, 1911

Fasces of a Roman Magistrate

"In Rom. antiq., bundles of rods, usually of birch, with an ax bound in with them, the blade projecting,…

"A bundle of rods or small sticks of wood bound at both ends and in the middle, used in fortification, raising batteries, filling ditches, strengthening ramparts, and making parapets." -Whitney, 1911

Fascine

"A bundle of rods or small sticks of wood bound at both ends and in the middle, used in fortification,…

"Fauchard of the 15th century. A weapon of the middle ages consisting of a scythe-shaped blade with a long handle, and differing from the war-scythe in having the sharp edge convex." -Whitney, 1911

Fauchard of the 15th Century

"Fauchard of the 15th century. A weapon of the middle ages consisting of a scythe-shaped blade with…

"Section showing displacement of strata by a fault. a and a were once a continuous mass of rock." -Whitney, 1911

Displacement of Strata

"Section showing displacement of strata by a fault. a and a were once a continuous mass of rock." -Whitney,…

"Two pieces of metal placed in a hole in a stone which is to be split a wedge-shaped key or plug being driven between them for this purpose." -Whitney, 1911

Feather and Tare

"Two pieces of metal placed in a hole in a stone which is to be split a wedge-shaped key or plug being…

"Skull of Cat (Felis catus), showing the following bones, viz. : na, nasal; pm, premaxillary; m, maxillary; l, lacrymal; f, frontal; j, jugal; pa, palatine; p, parietal; sq, squamosal; ip, interparietal; so, supra-occipital; eo, exoccipital (the line leads to the occipital condyle); t, tympanic bulla; smf, stylomastoid foramen; mf, mental foramen; c, coronoid process of mandible; ar, ascending ramus of mandible; hr, horizontal ramus of mandible; an, angle of jaw." -Whitney, 1911

Domestic Cat Skull

"Skull of Cat (Felis catus), showing the following bones, viz. : na, nasal; pm, premaxillary; m, maxillary;…

"Wheel. a, felly; b, spoke; c, hub." -Whitney, 1911

Wheel Showing Parts

"Wheel. a, felly; b, spoke; c, hub." -Whitney, 1911

"Anterior View of Human Right Femur. ec, external condyle; etu, external tuberosity; ic, internal condyle; itu, internal tuberosity; ltr, lesser trochanter; gtr, great trochanter; h, head; n, neck." -Whitney, 1911

Anterior View of Human Right Femur

"Anterior View of Human Right Femur. ec, external condyle; etu, external tuberosity; ic, internal condyle;…

"Posterior View of Left Femur of a Horse. h, head; gtr, great trochanter; ttr, third trochanter; ltr, lesser trochanter; p, pit for round ligament; itf, intertrochanteric fossa; d, a depression or fossa; etu, itu, external and internal tuberosities; cc, the two condyles." -Whitney, 1911

Posterior View of Left Femur of Horse

"Posterior View of Left Femur of a Horse. h, head; gtr, great trochanter; ttr, third trochanter; ltr,…

"Fenestella. In Roman Catholic churches, a niche on the south side of an altar, containing the piscina, and frequently also the credence." -Whitney, 1911

Fenestella in the Church of Norrey

"Fenestella. In Roman Catholic churches, a niche on the south side of an altar, containing the piscina,…

"Feretory. English medieval silverwork. A shrine or bier containing the relics of saints, adapted to be borne in religious processions." -Whitney, 1911

Feretory

"Feretory. English medieval silverwork. A shrine or bier containing the relics of saints, adapted to…

"One of an order of beings, the life-principles or geniuses or tutelary spirits of living beings, believed in and reverenced by the ancient Persians, adherents of the Zoroastrian religion. (Also) a name given ... to a symbol seen on monuments of ancient Persian origin, representing a winged circle, with or without a manlike figure in it, hovering over the head of a king or other person, and believed by some to represent his tutelary spirit." -Whitney, 1911

Feloher from Nineveh

"One of an order of beings, the life-principles or geniuses or tutelary spirits of living beings, believed…

"Naut.: A square bar of wood or iron, with a shoulder at one end, used to support a topmast or topgallantmast when swayed up into place. The fid passes through a square hole in the heel of its mast, and its ends rest on the trestletrees." -Whitney, 1911

Mast Fid

"Naut.: A square bar of wood or iron, with a shoulder at one end, used to support a topmast or topgallantmast…