Cask ale or cask-conditioned beer is the term for unfiltered and unpasteurised beer which is conditioned and served from a cask without additional nitrogen or carbon dioxide pressure. Cask ale may also be referred to as real ale, a term coined by the Campaign for Real Ale, often now extended to cover bottle-conditioned beer as well.

Process of Drawing Off Beer

Cask ale or cask-conditioned beer is the term for unfiltered and unpasteurised beer which is conditioned…

A road vehicle like this one is a mechanical means of conveyance, a carriage or transport. Vehicles may be propelled or pulled by engines or animals including humans, for instance, a chariot, a stagecoach, a mule-drawn barge, an ox-cart or rickshaw. However, animals on their own, though used as a means of transport, are not called vehicles, but rather beasts of burden or draft animals. This distinction includes humans carrying another human, for example a child or a disabled person.

Road Vehicle

A road vehicle like this one is a mechanical means of conveyance, a carriage or transport. Vehicles…

A chair is a raised surface used to sit on, commonly for use by one person. Chairs often have the seat raised above floor level, supported by four legs. A chair without a back or arm rests is a stool, or when raised up, a bar stool.

Side View of a Chair

A chair is a raised surface used to sit on, commonly for use by one person. Chairs often have the seat…

A conventional break symbol for a round section to use as a shortcut in shortening the length of the bar.

Conventional Breaks Symbols of Round Section Cylinder

A conventional break symbol for a round section to use as a shortcut in shortening the length of the…

A shortcut drawing pipe or tubing conventional break to draw a pipes and tubes by shortening the length of the bar without the diameter cut.

Conventional Breaks Symbols of Pipe or Tubing without Cutting Diameter

A shortcut drawing pipe or tubing conventional break to draw a pipes and tubes by shortening the length…

The conventional break symbol for drawing a pipe or tubing by cutting the diameter in half.

Conventional Breaks Symbols of Pipe or Tubing by Cutting Diameter

The conventional break symbol for drawing a pipe or tubing by cutting the diameter in half.

A conventional standard symbol for shop riveting known as Osborn symbol.

Standard Symbols for Shop Riveting

A conventional standard symbol for shop riveting known as Osborn symbol.

A side view of Osborn, or standard, symbol for riveting.

Side View of Standard Symbols for Shop Riveting

A side view of Osborn, or standard, symbol for riveting.

The standard standard symbol for field riveting, or Osborn symbol for field riveting.

Side View of Standard Symbols for Field Riveting

The standard standard symbol for field riveting, or Osborn symbol for field riveting.

A large scale riveting illustration showing the length of the rivets for Osborn symbol for riveting.

Large View of Riveting for Drawing

A large scale riveting illustration showing the length of the rivets for Osborn symbol for riveting.

Vertical line is drawn downward with the pencil held with freedom, not close to the point.

Sketching Vertical Line

Vertical line is drawn downward with the pencil held with freedom, not close to the point.

Horizontal line can be drawn left to right by holding the pencil away from the point.

Sketching Horizontal Line

Horizontal line can be drawn left to right by holding the pencil away from the point.

Castings can be measured by laying a straight edge on top to measure the dimensions of the casting.

Measuring Castings using Straight Edge

Castings can be measured by laying a straight edge on top to measure the dimensions of the casting.

An illustration of perspective drawing using a picture plane to create a vanishing points of the image.

Perspective Outline of Object

An illustration of perspective drawing using a picture plane to create a vanishing points of the image.

"Holding the pencil in a plane perpendicular to the line of sight, marking with the thumb the length of pencil which covers a line of the model rotating the arm, with the thumb held in position, until the pencil coincides with another line, and estimating the proportion of this measurement to the second line." —French, 1911

Estimating Lines using Pencil

"Holding the pencil in a plane perpendicular to the line of sight, marking with the thumb the length…

"An object in parallel perspective with one face in the picture plane is shown. At B is shown the top view of A with the cone of rays. C shows the picture plane detached and set forward in order that it may not interfere with the plan when revolved. D is the top view of C after the picture plane has been revolved." —French, 1911

Parallel Perspective

"An object in parallel perspective with one face in the picture plane is shown. At B is shown the top…

A postage stamp is adhesive paper evidence of a fee paid for postal services. Usually a small rectangle attached to an envelope, the stamp signifies the person sending it has fully or partly paid for delivery.

Fish Design Postage Stamp

A postage stamp is adhesive paper evidence of a fee paid for postal services. Usually a small rectangle…

A series of illustration of the image showing the different perspectives showing vanishing points and picture plane.

Angular Perspective

A series of illustration of the image showing the different perspectives showing vanishing points and…

A display drawing showing a ruled outline of a house on tracing paper.

Ruled Outline of House

A display drawing showing a ruled outline of a house on tracing paper.

Series of conventional symbols for building materials in architecture.

Symbols of Building Materials

Series of conventional symbols for building materials in architecture.

Common material symbol for CVT Stone in Section for architectural and mechanical drawing.

CVT Stone in Section Material Symbol

Common material symbol for CVT Stone in Section for architectural and mechanical drawing.

A widely accepted building material symbol for CVT Stone in Elevation used in architectural and mechanical drawing

CVT Stone in Elevation Material Symbol

A widely accepted building material symbol for CVT Stone in Elevation used in architectural and mechanical…

A commonly used symbol for Rubble Stone in Section used in architectural and mechanical drawing.

Rubble Stone in Section Material Symbol

A commonly used symbol for Rubble Stone in Section used in architectural and mechanical drawing.

Building material symbol for Rough Lumber in Section commonly used in architectural and mechanical drawing.

Rough Lumber in Section Material Symbol

Building material symbol for Rough Lumber in Section commonly used in architectural and mechanical drawing.

Conventional building symbol for Finished Lumber in Section commonly used in architectural and mechanical drawing.

Finished Lumber in Section Material Symbol

Conventional building symbol for Finished Lumber in Section commonly used in architectural and mechanical…

A building material symbol used in architectural or mechanical drawing for Wood in Elevation.

Wood in Elevation Material Symbol

A building material symbol used in architectural or mechanical drawing for Wood in Elevation.

Conventional material symbol used in architectural and mechanical drawing for Brick in Elevation Large Scale.

Brick in Elevation Large Scale Material Symbol

Conventional material symbol used in architectural and mechanical drawing for Brick in Elevation Large…

Brick in Section conventional material symbol is commonly used in architectural and mechanical drawing.

Brick in Section Material Symbol

Brick in Section conventional material symbol is commonly used in architectural and mechanical drawing.

Architectural and mechanical conventional building material symbol for Brick in Elevation Small Scale.

Conventional Symbol of Brick in Elevation Small Scale

Architectural and mechanical conventional building material symbol for Brick in Elevation Small Scale.

Building material conventional symbol for Cement and Plaster in Section commonly used in architectural and mechanical drawing.

Cement and Plaster in Section Material Symbol

Building material conventional symbol for Cement and Plaster in Section commonly used in architectural…

A commonly used material symbol in mechanical and architectural drawing for Terra Cotta Wall in Section.

Terra Cotta Wall in Section Material Symbol

A commonly used material symbol in mechanical and architectural drawing for Terra Cotta Wall in Section.

Mechanical and architectural drawing building material symbol for Earth in Section.

Earth in Section Material Symbol

Mechanical and architectural drawing building material symbol for Earth in Section.

Concrete in Section conventional building material symbol used in architectural and mechanical drawing.

Concrete in Section Material Symbol

Concrete in Section conventional building material symbol used in architectural and mechanical drawing.

Architectural and mechanical drawing material symbol for Stages in Making Concrete Symbol.

Stages in Making Concrete Material Symbol

Architectural and mechanical drawing material symbol for Stages in Making Concrete Symbol.

An illustration showing framing basement window with dimensions.

Basement Windows Framing

An illustration showing framing basement window with dimensions.

"Stair details and the like may be shown with sufficient clearness to the scales of 3/4" or 1". Mouldings and other mill work details are generally made full size. The turned or revolved section is often of use is showing moulding sections in position." —French, 1911

Stair Detail

"Stair details and the like may be shown with sufficient clearness to the scales of 3/4" or 1". Mouldings…

"A contour is a line on the surface of the ground which at every point passes through the same elevation, thus the shore line of a body of water represents a contour. If the water should rise one foot the new shore line would be another contour, with foot 'contour interval.'" —French, 1911

Shoreline Contour

"A contour is a line on the surface of the ground which at every point passes through the same elevation,…

A perspective view of the shoreline illustrated by using contour lines.

Perspective View of Shoreline

A perspective view of the shoreline illustrated by using contour lines.

A map of a shoreline created by using contour lines creating hills.

Shoreline Contour Map

A map of a shoreline created by using contour lines creating hills.

"The contours are sketched lightly in pencil and the hachures drawn perpendicular to them, starting at the summit and making heavier strokes for steeper slopes. The rows of strokes should touch the pencil line, to avoid white streaks along the contours." —French, 1911

Shoreline Contour Map Method of Execution

"The contours are sketched lightly in pencil and the hachures drawn perpendicular to them, starting…

"The showing of relief by means of hill shading gives a pleasing effect but is very difficult of execution, does not give exact elevations and would not be applied on maps to be used for engineering purposes. They may sometimes be used to advantage in reconnoissance maps, or in small scale maps for illustration." —French, 1911

Shoreline Hill Shading by Hachures Contour Map

"The showing of relief by means of hill shading gives a pleasing effect but is very difficult of execution,…

A conventional topographic symbol of a city or a village commonly used in map drawing.

City or Village Topography Symbols

A conventional topographic symbol of a city or a village commonly used in map drawing.

Drafting or map drawing conventional topography symbol for trail.

Trail Topography Symbols

Drafting or map drawing conventional topography symbol for trail.

A double railroad track map or topography symbol for drafting and map drawing

Double Track Railroads Topography Symbols

A double railroad track map or topography symbol for drafting and map drawing

A conventional topographical electric railway symbol for drawing maps and drafting.

Electric Railway Topography Symbols

A conventional topographical electric railway symbol for drawing maps and drafting.

Illustrated conventional symbol for a bridge commonly used in drafting and map drawing.

Bridge Topography Symbols

Illustrated conventional symbol for a bridge commonly used in drafting and map drawing.

Conventional symbol used in map drawing and drafting for ferry.

Ferry Topography Symbols

Conventional symbol used in map drawing and drafting for ferry.

A life buoy, is a life saving buoy designed to be thrown to a person in the water, to provide buoyancy, to prevent drowning.

Life Buoy

A life buoy, is a life saving buoy designed to be thrown to a person in the water, to provide buoyancy,…

A terrain or relief topography symbol for contours illustrating elevation of the land commonly used in drafting and map drawing.

Contour Relief or Terrain Topography Symbol

A terrain or relief topography symbol for contours illustrating elevation of the land commonly used…

A depression contour relief or terrain topography for drafting and map drawing illustrating lower land area.

Depression Contour Relief or Terrain Topography Symbol

A depression contour relief or terrain topography for drafting and map drawing illustrating lower land…

Conventional sand topography symbol commonly used in map drawing and drafting.

Sand Relief or Terrain Topography Symbol

Conventional sand topography symbol commonly used in map drawing and drafting.

A map drawing and drafting topography symbol illustrating sand dune.

Sand Dunes Relief or Terrain Topography Symbol

A map drawing and drafting topography symbol illustrating sand dune.

Topographical symbol for mud flat, or mud deposit from the mud, used in drafting and map drawing.

Mud Flat Relief or Terrain Topography Symbol

Topographical symbol for mud flat, or mud deposit from the mud, used in drafting and map drawing.

A series of topographical symbols for water features commonly used in drafting and map drawing.

Water Features Topography Symbol

A series of topographical symbols for water features commonly used in drafting and map drawing.

Topography symbol commonly used in drafting and map drawing for streams.

Streams Topography Symbol

Topography symbol commonly used in drafting and map drawing for streams.

A commonly used drafting and map drawing conventional symbol for falls and rapids.

Falls and Rapids Topography Symbol

A commonly used drafting and map drawing conventional symbol for falls and rapids.

A water lock conventional symbol used in map drawing and drafting. A lock is used to lower or raise water level to transport boats.

Water Feature Lock Topography Symbol

A water lock conventional symbol used in map drawing and drafting. A lock is used to lower or raise…

A conventional drafting and map drawing topographical symbol for canals.

Canal Topography Symbol

A conventional drafting and map drawing topographical symbol for canals.

A common topography symbol for lakes and ponds used in drawing maps and drafting.

Lakes and Ponds Topography Symbol

A common topography symbol for lakes and ponds used in drawing maps and drafting.

Topography symbol for dry lake conventionally used in map drawing and drafting.

Dry Lake Topography Symbol

Topography symbol for dry lake conventionally used in map drawing and drafting.