Spiders (order Araneae) are air-breathing chelicerate arthropods. Trapdoor spiders, of family Ctenizidae, are medium-sized mygalomorph spiders that construct burrows with a cork-like trapdoor made of soil, vegetation and silk. The Trapdoor Spider is difficult to see when it is closed because the plant and soil materials effectively camouflage it. The trapdoor is hinged on one side with silk. The spiders, which are usually nocturnal, typically wait for prey while holding onto the underside of the door with the claws on their tarsi. Prey is captured when insects, other arthropods, or small vertebrates venture too close to the half-open trapdoor at night. The spider detects the prey by vibrations and when it comes close enough, the spider leaps out of its burrow and captures it.

Trapdoor Spider

Spiders (order Araneae) are air-breathing chelicerate arthropods. Trapdoor spiders, of family Ctenizidae,…

A butterfly is an insect of the order Lepidoptera. Like all Lepidoptera, butterflies are notable for their unusual life cycle with a larval caterpillar stage, an inactive pupal stage, and a spectacular metamorphosis into a familiar and colourful winged adult form. A monarch butterfly is is a milkweed butterfly, perhaps the best known of all North American butterflies.

Metamorphosis of a Monarch Butterfly

A butterfly is an insect of the order Lepidoptera. Like all Lepidoptera, butterflies are notable for…

A butterfly is an insect of the order Lepidoptera. Like all Lepidoptera, butterflies are notable for their unusual life cycle with a larval caterpillar stage, an inactive pupal stage, and a spectacular metamorphosis into a familiar and colourful winged adult form. A monarch butterfly is is a milkweed butterfly, perhaps the best known of all North American butterflies. The body of the crawling worm-like larva is greenish yellow in color, with broad bands of shining black.

Metamorphosis of a Monarch Butterfly

A butterfly is an insect of the order Lepidoptera. Like all Lepidoptera, butterflies are notable for…

A butterfly is an insect of the order Lepidoptera. Like all Lepidoptera, butterflies are notable for their unusual life cycle with a larval caterpillar stage, an inactive pupal stage, and a spectacular metamorphosis into a familiar and colourful winged adult form. This the egg of a Monarch butterfly.

Metamorphosis of a Monarch Butterfly

A butterfly is an insect of the order Lepidoptera. Like all Lepidoptera, butterflies are notable for…

A butterfly is an insect of the order Lepidoptera. Like all Lepidoptera, butterflies are notable for their unusual life cycle with a larval caterpillar stage, an inactive pupal stage, and a spectacular metamorphosis into a familiar and colourful winged adult form. This the pupa of a Monarch butterfly.

Metamorphosis of a Monarch Butterfly

A butterfly is an insect of the order Lepidoptera. Like all Lepidoptera, butterflies are notable for…

The scale insects are small insects of the order Hemiptera, generally classified as the superfamily Coccoidea. There are about 8,000 species of scale insects. Most scale insects are parasites of plants, feeding on sap drawn directly from the plant's vascular system. The female is wingless and has a large waxen egg-sac (e.s.) attached to her body.

Scale Insects

The scale insects are small insects of the order Hemiptera, generally classified as the superfamily…

The scale insects are small insects of the order Hemiptera, generally classified as the superfamily Coccoidea. There are about 8,000 species of scale insects. Most scale insects are parasites of plants, feeding on sap drawn directly from the plant's vascular system. Male scale insects are unusual in possessing only one pair of wings, thus making them resemble true flies (Diptera), though they lack the halteres (rudimentary hind wings) seen in flies, and have tail filaments, which do not occur in flies.

Scale Insects

The scale insects are small insects of the order Hemiptera, generally classified as the superfamily…

The scale insects are small insects of the order Hemiptera, generally classified as the superfamily Coccoidea. There are about 8,000 species of scale insects. Most scale insects are parasites of plants, feeding on sap drawn directly from the plant's vascular system. This is a bit of leaf with scales.

Scale Insects

The scale insects are small insects of the order Hemiptera, generally classified as the superfamily…

The scale insects are small insects of the order Hemiptera, generally classified as the superfamily Coccoidea. There are about 8,000 species of scale insects. Most scale insects are parasites of plants, feeding on sap drawn directly from the plant's vascular system. This is an adult female scale.

Scale Insects

The scale insects are small insects of the order Hemiptera, generally classified as the superfamily…

The scale insects are small insects of the order Hemiptera, generally classified as the superfamily Coccoidea. There are about 8,000 species of scale insects. Most scale insects are parasites of plants, feeding on sap drawn directly from the plant's vascular system. This is the wax scale under which the female lives.

Scale Insects

The scale insects are small insects of the order Hemiptera, generally classified as the superfamily…

The scale insects are small insects of the order Hemiptera, generally classified as the superfamily Coccoidea. There are about 8,000 species of scale insects. Most scale insects are parasites of plants, feeding on sap drawn directly from the plant's vascular system. This is a scale larva.

Scale Insects

The scale insects are small insects of the order Hemiptera, generally classified as the superfamily…

The scale insects are small insects of the order Hemiptera, generally classified as the superfamily Coccoidea. There are about 8,000 species of scale insects. Most scale insects are parasites of plants, feeding on sap drawn directly from the plant's vascular system. This is an adult male scale.

Scale Insects

The scale insects are small insects of the order Hemiptera, generally classified as the superfamily…

"GARTER. The insignia of the most noble order of the knights of the garter. It is formed of blue velvet edged with gold wire, and lined with white satin; on the velvet is embroidered the motto of the order." -Hall, 1862

Garter

"GARTER. The insignia of the most noble order of the knights of the garter. It is formed of blue velvet…

"KNIGHTS-BANNERET. This ancient and honourable order has become extinct. It obtained the title of banneret from the knights having the right of having a square banner borne before them on the field of battle, and at jousts and tournaments." -Hall, 1862

Knights-Banneret

"KNIGHTS-BANNERET. This ancient and honourable order has become extinct. It obtained the title of banneret…

"Glass-crab (larva of Palinurus). GLASS-CRAB. A crab of the spurious genus Phyllosoma, or of the spurious order Phyllosomata-- that is, any young shrimp of either of the families Palinuridae and Scyllaridae. These larvae are as thin as paper, flat and transparent, and have no resemblance to the adult." -Whitney, 1911

Glass-Crab Lobster Larva

"Glass-crab (larva of Palinurus). GLASS-CRAB. A crab of the spurious genus Phyllosoma, or of the spurious…

"A small two-winged fly, Culex pipiens, of the family Culicidae, suborder Nemocera, and order Diptera, called in America mosquito." -Whitney, 1911

Mosquito

"A small two-winged fly, Culex pipiens, of the family Culicidae, suborder Nemocera, and order Diptera,…

"Fig. 19 - A partly pennaceous, partly plumulaceous feather, from Argus pheasant; after Nitzsch. ad, main stem; d, calamus; a, rhachis; c, c, c, vanes, cut away on left side in order not to interfere with b, the after-shaft, the whole of the right vane of which is likewise cut away." Elliot Coues, 1884

Feather from a Argus Pheasant

"Fig. 19 - A partly pennaceous, partly plumulaceous feather, from Argus pheasant; after Nitzsch. ad,…

"Graminae. Flower of a Grass, the glumes are removed. GRAMINAE. In botany, the largest order among endogenous plants except the orchids." -Whitney, 1911

Grass Flower

"Graminae. Flower of a Grass, the glumes are removed. GRAMINAE. In botany, the largest order among endogenous…

"Graminae. Flower of a Grass. GRAMINAE. In botany, the largest order among endogenous plants except the orchids." -Whitney, 1911

Grass Flower

"Graminae. Flower of a Grass. GRAMINAE. In botany, the largest order among endogenous plants except…

"Lyle Life-saving Gun. LYLE GUN, a bronze life-saving gun, designed by Captain D. A. Lyle of the United States Ordnance Department for throwing elongated projectiles having lines attached to them, in order to establish communication between the shore and a stranded or wrecked vessel. The projectile has at the rear end a shank, to which the line is attached." -Whitney, 1911

Lyle Gun

"Lyle Life-saving Gun. LYLE GUN, a bronze life-saving gun, designed by Captain D. A. Lyle of the United…

Color flag of Brazil. Green with a large yellow diamond in the center bearing a blue celestial globe with 27 white five-pointed stars (one for each state and the Federal District) arranged in the same pattern as the night sky over Brazil; the globe has a white equatorial band with the motto ORDEM E PROGRESSO (Order and Progress).

Flag of Brazil, 2009

Color flag of Brazil. Green with a large yellow diamond in the center bearing a blue celestial globe…

Black and white outline flag of Brazil. Green with a large yellow diamond in the center bearing a blue celestial globe with 27 white five-pointed stars (one for each state and the Federal District) arranged in the same pattern as the night sky over Brazil; the globe has a white equatorial band with the motto ORDEM E PROGRESSO (Order and Progress)

Flag of Brazil, 2009

Black and white outline flag of Brazil. Green with a large yellow diamond in the center bearing a blue…

Color flag of Isle of Man. Red with the Three Legs of Man emblem (Trinacria), in the center; the three legs are joined at the thigh and bent at the knee; in order to have the toes pointing clockwise on both sides of the flag, a two-sided emblem is used.

Flag of Isle of Man, 2009

Color flag of Isle of Man. Red with the Three Legs of Man emblem (Trinacria), in the center; the three…

Black and white outline flag of Isle of Man. Red with the Three Legs of Man emblem (Trinacria), in the center; the three legs are joined at the thigh and bent at the knee; in order to have the toes pointing clockwise on both sides of the flag, a two-sided emblem is used

Flag of Isle of Man, 2009

Black and white outline flag of Isle of Man. Red with the Three Legs of Man emblem (Trinacria), in the…

"Fig. 45.- Zygodactyle foot of a woodpecker, Hylotomus pileatus. The zygodactyle or yoke-toed modification has been sufficiently noted in (fig. 45). It was formerly made much of, as a scansorial or climbing type of foot, and an absurd "order" of birds has been called Scansores." Elliot Coues, 1884

Zygodactyle Foot of a Woodpecker

"Fig. 45.- Zygodactyle foot of a woodpecker, Hylotomus pileatus. The zygodactyle or yoke-toed modification…

Loki, the god of mischief, cut off all of Thor's wife, Sif's beautiful hair. In order to get something better to replace her hair, he has Dvalin the dwarf make a wig of pure gold.

Loki and Dvalin

Loki, the god of mischief, cut off all of Thor's wife, Sif's beautiful hair. In order to get something…

The prince of the Frost Giants steals Thor's hammer. The Frost Prince agrees to return it if he can marry Freya, the goddess of beauty. In order to get it back, Thor dresses up as Freya and attends the giants' great feast. Upon return of the hammer, Thor shows himself and defeats all of the Frost Giants.

Tricking the Frost Prince

The prince of the Frost Giants steals Thor's hammer. The Frost Prince agrees to return it if he can…

"Barley, the name of several cereal plants of the genus Hordeum, order Gramineae (grasses), yielding a grain used as food and also for making malt, from which are prepared beer, porter, and whisky." -Vaughan, 1906

Barley

"Barley, the name of several cereal plants of the genus Hordeum, order Gramineae (grasses), yielding…

"Bat, one of the group of wing-handed, flying mammals, having the fore-limb peculiarly modified so as to serve for flight, and constituting the order Cheiroptera." -Vaughan, 1906

Bat Head

"Bat, one of the group of wing-handed, flying mammals, having the fore-limb peculiarly modified so as…

The pug-nosed bat. "Bat, one of the group of wing-handed, flying mammals, having the fore-limb peculiarly modified so as to serve for flight, and constituting the order Cheiroptera." -Vaughan, 1906

Pug-Nosed Bat

The pug-nosed bat. "Bat, one of the group of wing-handed, flying mammals, having the fore-limb peculiarly…

The head of the chin leafed bat. "Bat, one of the group of wing-handed, flying mammals, having the fore-limb peculiarly modified so as to serve for flight, and constituting the order Cheiroptera." -Vaughan, 1906

Chin Leafed Bat Head

The head of the chin leafed bat. "Bat, one of the group of wing-handed, flying mammals, having the fore-limb…

The head of the flower-nosed bat. "Bat, one of the group of wing-handed, flying mammals, having the fore-limb peculiarly modified so as to serve for flight, and constituting the order Cheiroptera." -Vaughan, 1906

Flower-Nosed Bat Head

The head of the flower-nosed bat. "Bat, one of the group of wing-handed, flying mammals, having the…

A machicolation is a floor opening between the supporting corbels of a battlement, through which stones could be dropped on attackers at the base of a defensive wall. The design was developed in the Middle Ages when the Norman crusaders returned. A machicolated battlement projects outwards from the supporting wall in order to facilitate this.

Machicolation

A machicolation is a floor opening between the supporting corbels of a battlement, through which stones…

Lamniformes is an order of sharks, also known as mackerel sharks (which may also be used to refer to the sub-group of Lamniformes, Lamnidae). It includes some of the most familiar species of sharks, such as the great white shark, and some extremely rare types, such as the megamouth shark.

Mackerel Shark

Lamniformes is an order of sharks, also known as mackerel sharks (which may also be used to refer to…

Ginkgo also known as the Maidenhair Tree after Adiantum, is a unique species of tree with no close living relatives. The ginkgo is classified in its own division, the Ginkgophyta, comprising the single class Ginkgoopsida, order Ginkgoales, family Ginkgoaceae, genus Ginkgo and is the only extant species within this group. It is one of the best-known examples of a living fossil, because Ginkgoales other than G. biloba are not known from the fossil record after the Pliocene.

Ginkgo

Ginkgo also known as the Maidenhair Tree after Adiantum, is a unique species of tree with no close living…

Electric catfish is the common name for the catfish (order Siluriformes) family Malapteruridae. This family includes two genera, Malapterurus and Paradoxoglanis with 19 species. Several species of this family have the ability to produce an electric shock of up to 350 volts using electroplaques of an electric organ. Electric catfish are found in tropical Africa and the Nile River. Electric catfish are usually nocturnal and feed primarily on other fish, incapacitating their prey with electric discharges.

Electric Catfish

Electric catfish is the common name for the catfish (order Siluriformes) family Malapteruridae. This…

Mantis shrimp or stomatopods are marine crustaceans, the members of the order Stomatopoda. They are neither shrimp nor mantids, but receive their name purely from the physical resemblance to both the terrestrial praying mantis and the shrimp.

Mantis Shrimp

Mantis shrimp or stomatopods are marine crustaceans, the members of the order Stomatopoda. They are…

Mantodea or mantises is an order of insects which contains approximately 2,200 species in 9 families worldwide in temperate and tropical habitats.

Praying Mantis

Mantodea or mantises is an order of insects which contains approximately 2,200 species in 9 families…

An illustration of a sugar-maple moth. A moth is an insect closely related to the butterfly, both being of the order Lepidoptera. The differences between butterflies and moths are more than just taxonomy.

Sugar-Maple Moth

An illustration of a sugar-maple moth. A moth is an insect closely related to the butterfly, both being…

"Common Beet. Beet, a genus of plants, nat. order Chenopodiaceae, distinguished by its fruit being enclosed in a tough woody or spongy five-lobed enlarged calyx." -Vaughan, 1906

Common Beet

"Common Beet. Beet, a genus of plants, nat. order Chenopodiaceae, distinguished by its fruit being enclosed…

"Alder Buckthorn. Buckthorn, the name of an extensive genus of trees and shrubs, order Rhamnaceae." -Vaughan, 1906

Alder Buckthorn

"Alder Buckthorn. Buckthorn, the name of an extensive genus of trees and shrubs, order Rhamnaceae."…

Mastodons or Mastodonts are members of the extinct genus Mammut of the order Proboscidea and form the family Mammutidae; they resembled, but were distinct from, the woolly mammoth, which belongs to the family Elephantidae. Mastodons were browsers, while mammoths were grazers.

Mastodon

Mastodons or Mastodonts are members of the extinct genus Mammut of the order Proboscidea and form the…

An illustration of a bank draft payable to order.

Draft Payable to Order

An illustration of a bank draft payable to order.

This is a plan of the St Mark's, in Venice, Italy. Erected AD 929 to 1063. This is an example of Italian Byzantine Romanesque architecture. This church was created in order to "reproduce in some way the leading features of the church of the Holy Apostles at Constantinople." The scale is in feet.

Plan of St Mark's, Venice, AD 929–1063

This is a plan of the St Mark's, in Venice, Italy. Erected AD 929 to 1063. This is an example of Italian…

This is the plan of the Cathedral at Mainz, Germany. It is an example of Romanesque and Gothic architecture. The scale is in feet. Construction was started in AD 975. In Germany and Italy up until this point in architecture open timber roofing or flat ceilings were being used, however this problem was "solved in Germany, as well as in Italy, [with the] vaulting over the nave, and the cathedrals of Spires, Worms and Mainz are the three most important churches in which this was accomplished."

Plan of Cathedral at Mainz, AD 976

This is the plan of the Cathedral at Mainz, Germany. It is an example of Romanesque and Gothic architecture.…

This is a plan of the Cathedral at Würms, Germany. It is an example of Romanesque and Gothic architecture in Germany. The scale is in feet. Construction was started in AD 1000 and continued until 1025. In Germany and Italy up until this point in architecture open timber roofing or flat ceilings were being used, however this problem was "solved in Germany, as well as in Italy, [with the] vaulting over the nave, and the cathedrals of Spires, Worms and Mainz are the three most important churches in which this was accomplished,"

Plan of Cathedral at Worms, AD 1000–1025

This is a plan of the Cathedral at Würms, Germany. It is an example of Romanesque and Gothic architecture…

This is a plan of the St Paul's Cathedral in London, England. It is an example of English Renaissance architecture. The construction lasted from 1675 to 1710. Sir Christopher Wren designed the cathedral. "In plan, Wren's design was in accordance with the traditional arrangement of an English cathedral, with nave, north and south transepts and choir, in all the cases with side aisles together...Wren introduced a series of cupolas over the main arms of the cathedral, which enabled him to light with clerestory windows; these are not visible on the exterior, as they are masked by the upper storey which Wren carried round the whole structure, in order, probably, to give it greater height and importance." The scale is given in feet.

Plan of St Paul's Cathedral, London, 1675–1710

This is a plan of the St Paul's Cathedral in London, England. It is an example of English Renaissance…

"Fig. 52 shows the totipalmate foot of a pelican. The totipalmate is a special case of palmation, in which all four toes are webbed; this characterizes the whole order Steganopodes." Elliot Coues, 1884

Pelican Foot

"Fig. 52 shows the totipalmate foot of a pelican. The totipalmate is a special case of palmation, in…

"An expression of great massiveness is the main characteristics of this Florentine style, which was principally applied in the architecture of the palaces. The forms which were borrowed from the Roman columnar construction do not in this style, as they do more or less in the other styles of the Renaissance, constitute a pseudo-architecture. The massiveness, however, of the Florentine palaces conveys rather the notion of a fortress than of a mansion of a wealthy nobleman, and this impression is increased by the smallness of the windows in comparison with the rest of the building. This is especially the case with those façades which are entirely constructed of considerably projecting ashlar of irregular size, and to a less degree in the case of those the lowest storey of which alone displays these large undressed blocks." The palace was designed by Michelozzo di Bartolomeo for Cosimo de' Medici, of the Medici family, and was built between 1445 and 1460. It was well known for its stone masonry that includes rustication and ashlar. The tripartite elevation was used here as a revelation of the Renaissance spirit of rationality, order, and classicism of human scale. This tripartite division is emphasized horizontal stringcourses that divide the building into stories of decreasing height. This makes the building seem lighter as the eye moves up to the extremely heavy cornice that caps and clearly defines the building's outline.Michelozzo di Bartolomeo was influenced in his building of this palace by both Roman principles and Brunelleschian principles. During the Renaissance revival of classical culture, Roman elements were often replicated in architecture, both built and imagined in paintings. In the Palazzo Medici Riccardi, the rusticated masonry and the cornice had precedents in Roman art.

Riccardi Palace at Florence

"An expression of great massiveness is the main characteristics of this Florentine style, which was…

"Next in order are the productions of Jacopo Tatti, or Sansovino, who was born in 1479, and died in 1570. This architect was educated in the Florentine school, and afterwards proceeded to Rome; his masterpieces are less powerful and imposing but on the other hand, are more graceful, and display more richly developed details than those of San Michele."The Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana is a library and Renaissance building in Venice, northern Italy; it is one of the earliest surviving public manuscript depositories in the country, holding one of the greatest classical texts collections in the world. The library is named after St. Mark, the patron saint of Venice.

Old Library of St. Mark at Venice

"Next in order are the productions of Jacopo Tatti, or Sansovino, who was born in 1479, and died in…

"Palladio, who became the special champion of this style of architecture, was born in Vicenza in 1518, and died in 1580. He was undoubtedly a man of great talent, and, after Michelangelo, exercised, perhaps, more influence than anyone else on architecture. Still the introduction of great confusion of ideas is attributable to this architect, for he adorned buildings of every kind and of the building as a whole, so that the order was frequently carried up through several storeys without any reference to its arrangement. But although these reproductions of columns and the employment of pilasters were meaningless in themselves, they served, in a merely decorative point of view, to give a striking appearance to the buildings."Palazzo Valmarana is a patrician palace in Vicenza, Italy, built by architect Andrea Palladio in 1565 for the noble Isabella Nogarola Valmarana.

Palace at Vicenza

"Palladio, who became the special champion of this style of architecture, was born in Vicenza in 1518,…

"The purity of style, however, of the Genoese palaces is not so great as in the Roman, particularly as regards the heavy, ungraceful forms of details. This is shown by [this image], and there are other instances in which the faults are more marked than in the palaces in question. The palaces of Genoa may, however, be favorably contrasted with the Roman as regards height; for ground-floor and the mezzanine are raised considerably, in order to gain more light and a better view from the main storey. Owing, however, to the extreme narrowness of the streets and the consequent difficulty in obtaining a satisfactory point of view, the object is not obtained to the desired degree."

Half the Façade of a Palace at Genoa

"The purity of style, however, of the Genoese palaces is not so great as in the Roman, particularly…

"The purity of style, however, of the Genoese palaces is not so great as in the Roman, particularly as regards the heavy, ungraceful forms of details. This is shown by [this image], and there are other instances in which the faults are more marked than in the palaces in question. The palaces of Genoa may, however, be favorably contrasted with the Roman as regards height; for ground-floor and the mezzanine are raised considerably, in order to gain more light and a better view from the main storey. Owing, however, to the extreme narrowness of the streets and the consequent difficulty in obtaining a satisfactory point of view, the object is not obtained to the desired degree."

Façade of the Tursi-Doria Palace at Genoa

"The purity of style, however, of the Genoese palaces is not so great as in the Roman, particularly…

The Musée du Louvre or officially the Grand Louvre — in English, the Louvre Museum or Great Louvre, or simply the Louvre — is the national museum of France, the most visited museum in the world, and a historic monument. It is a central landmark of Paris, located on the Right Bank of the Seine in the 1st arrondissement (neighborhood). Nearly 35,000 objects from the 6th century BC to the 19th century are exhibited over an area of 60,600 square meters (652,300 square feet)."Du Cerceau, who flourished during the reign of Henry IV., connected the block of buildings which belong to the Louvre, and had been constructed under Catherine dei Medici, by a gallery with the Tuileries [shown here]. This architect abandoned the characteristic feature of the French Renaissance, which had prevailed hitherto, namely, of giving its peculiar columnar order to each storey, and assimilated his designs to those of the late Roman Renaissance, in which a striking effect was produced at the expense of truth by continuous columns and pilasters extending over several storeys and rows of windows."

Flore Pavilion and part of the Gallery of the Louvre

The Musée du Louvre or officially the Grand Louvre — in English, the Louvre Museum or Great Louvre,…

The Musée du Louvre or officially the Grand Louvre — in English, the Louvre Museum or Great Louvre, or simply the Louvre — is the national museum of France, the most visited museum in the world, and a historic monument. It is a central landmark of Paris, located on the Right Bank of the Seine in the 1st arrondissement (neighborhood). Nearly 35,000 objects from the 6th century BC to the 19th century are exhibited over an area of 60,600 square meters (652,300 square feet)."Du Cerceau, who flourished during the reign of Henry IV., connected the block of buildings which belong to the Louvre, and had been constructed under Catherine dei Medici, by a gallery with the Tuileries. This architect abandoned the characteristic feature of the French Renaissance, which had prevailed hitherto, namely, of giving its peculiar columnar order to each storey, and assimilated his designs to those of the late Roman Renaissance, in which a striking effect was produced at the expense of truth by continuous columns and pilasters extending over several storeys and rows of windows.Although Du Cerceau was obligated to leave France in the year 1604, the impulse which he had given in the direction of the above-mentioned manner led to its being generally adopted. The new buildings were more correct, but less picturesque than those built during the earlier period of the French Renaissance, and a certain insipidity seems to characterize the various structures erected during the reigns of Henry IV., and especially Louis XIII. As is shown [here], a combination of free-stone and brick was restored to in such a way that the former was employed for the mouldings, and for the quoins and dressings of the doors and windows, whilst brick was used for the spaces between. In the case of the windows the free-stone introduced assumed the forms of quoins. If ornamentation had been previously excessive, it now retired into the background, and was only employed in moderation; and the method of its treatment began to be distinguished from that of the former period. The forms of the details above all began to lose in purity: rustications were inappropriately introduced in the walls and columns, and the roofs were made high and steep, which gave the rest of the building a heavy and squat appearance, whilst the numerous turret-shaped chimneys, which were necessitated by these high roofs, formed a peculiar feature in the construction."

Paris, Royal Palace Façade

The Musée du Louvre or officially the Grand Louvre — in English, the Louvre Museum or Great Louvre,…

In architecture the frieze is the wide central section part of an entablature and may be plain or—in the Ionic or Corinthian order—decorated with bas-reliefs. Even when neither columns nor pilasters are expressed, on an astylar wall it lies upon the architrave ('main beam') and is capped by the moldings of the cornice.In interiors, the frieze of a room is the section of wall above the picture rail and under the crown moldings or cornice. By extension, a frieze is a long stretch of painted, sculpted or even calligraphic decoration in such a position, normally above eye-level. Frieze decorations may depict scenes in a sequence of discrete panels. The material of which the frieze is made of may be plasterwork, carved wood or other decorative medium.This image is "intended to convey an idea of the details of decoration which characterized the Renaissance style during its best period, and which display considerable grace and finish. They are based on the antique Roman type, but still display a peculiar independent treatment, as in the deeply under-cut foliage in the arabesques and the lightness and clearness of the stalks and tendrils."

Friezes at Venice

In architecture the frieze is the wide central section part of an entablature and may be plain or—in…

In architecture the frieze is the wide central section part of an entablature and may be plain or—in the Ionic or Corinthian order—decorated with bas-reliefs. Even when neither columns nor pilasters are expressed, on an astylar wall it lies upon the architrave ('main beam') and is capped by the moldings of the cornice.In interiors, the frieze of a room is the section of wall above the picture rail and under the crown moldings or cornice. By extension, a frieze is a long stretch of painted, sculpted or even calligraphic decoration in such a position, normally above eye-level. Frieze decorations may depict scenes in a sequence of discrete panels. The material of which the frieze is made of may be plasterwork, carved wood or other decorative medium.This image is "intended to convey an idea of the details of decoration which characterized the Renaissance style during its best period, and which display considerable grace and finish. They are based on the antique Roman type, but still display a peculiar independent treatment, as in the deeply under-cut foliage in the arabesques and the lightness and clearness of the stalks and tendrils."

Friezes at Venice

In architecture the frieze is the wide central section part of an entablature and may be plain or—in…

Fire corals are colonial marine organisms that look rather like real coral. However they are technically not corals; they are actually more closely related to jellyfish and other stinging anemones. They are members of the phylum Cnidaria, class Hydrozoa, order Capitata, family Milleporidae.

Fire Coral

Fire corals are colonial marine organisms that look rather like real coral. However they are technically…

The Parthenon is a temple of the Greek Goddess Athena, who was considered as the protector of the city of Athens. The Temple was built in the 5th B.C. on Athenian Acropolis. The Parthenon is designed in a Doric Order style which consists of vertical columns that stand flat without a base, and a smooth capital.

The Parthenon

The Parthenon is a temple of the Greek Goddess Athena, who was considered as the protector of the city…

The Norwich Castle was built in 1067 by the order of William the Conquerer, who was King of England at the time. The castle was built to be used as fortification in the city of Norwich, England.

Norwich Castle

The Norwich Castle was built in 1067 by the order of William the Conquerer, who was King of England…