A famous English essayist, best known for his <em>Essays of Elia</em> and for the children's book <em>Tales from Shakespeare</em>, which he produced along with his sister, Mary Lamb.

Charles Lamb

A famous English essayist, best known for his Essays of Elia and for the children's book Tales

"Plait the ribbon a distance from the end to allow for a streamer or bow end. Hold the plaits with the thumb and first finger of the right hand; with the left hand measure the length of the first loop; plait, and hold all plaits by twisting the second end of ribbon around them, drawing it through this twist or loop you have just made, from the direction it was taking when it formed the last loop. If you put this end through the twist from the opposite direction, no knot will be made and your bow will tumble." &mdash;Kinne, 1920

Cravat bow

"Plait the ribbon a distance from the end to allow for a streamer or bow end. Hold the plaits with the…

"The Sleeping Children. By Chantery. In Lichfield Cathedral." &mdash;D'Anvers, 1895

Sleeping children

"The Sleeping Children. By Chantery. In Lichfield Cathedral." —D'Anvers, 1895

Children working on an apple orchard.

Apple Orchard

Children working on an apple orchard.

A beloved American writer and poet called the "Hoosier poet" and America's "Children's Poet" made a start writing newspaper verse in Hoosier dialect for the <em>Indianapolis Journal</em> in 1875.

James Riley

A beloved American writer and poet called the "Hoosier poet" and America's "Children's Poet" made a…

"A prophetic birds eye view of Ruhleben Prison Camp when the war ends."-1916; Drawing by Hobart Egremont, one of the interned.

Ruhleben Prison Camp

"A prophetic birds eye view of Ruhleben Prison Camp when the war ends."-1916; Drawing by Hobart Egremont,…

A bent tube with limbs of unequal length, used for drawing liquids from one vessel into another.

Siphon

A bent tube with limbs of unequal length, used for drawing liquids from one vessel into another.

Three children playing with a cheerful man.

Cheerful Man

Three children playing with a cheerful man.

This illustration shows three young girls in their school clothes gathered around a fence.

Young Girls

This illustration shows three young girls in their school clothes gathered around a fence.

This illustration shows a jointed structure. In this drawing, there are two systems of joints or divisional planes in the same region, crossing one another, and the undermining of a bluff of jointed beds and tumbling down of masses leads to the production of forms like those of fortifications or broken walls.

Jointed Rock

This illustration shows a jointed structure. In this drawing, there are two systems of joints or divisional…

A young boy and girl holding hands.

Children

A young boy and girl holding hands.

The sister of Chester A. Arthur, the 21st President of the United States. She was a hostess for his administration, taking care of his children while he was in office.

Mary A. McElroy

The sister of Chester A. Arthur, the 21st President of the United States. She was a hostess for his…

The Triumph of Columbus. A fac-simile of the original sketch by Columbus himsef, was sent by him from Seville in 1502, and is preserved in the city hall at Genoa. The figure sitting beside Columbus is Providence; Envy and Ignorance are hinted at as monsters following in his wake; while Constancy, Tolerance, the Christian Religion, Victory, and Hope attend him. Above all is the floating figure of Fame blowing two trumpets, one marked "Genoa," the other "Fama Columbi." Harrisse says that good judges assign this picture to Columbus' own hand, though none of the drawings ascribed to him are authentic beyond doubt; while it is very true that he had the reputation of being a good draughtsman.

Triumph of Columbus

The Triumph of Columbus. A fac-simile of the original sketch by Columbus himsef, was sent by him from…

A children's crib made entirely out of iron.

Iron Crib

A children's crib made entirely out of iron.

Enlarged drawing of the bas-relief on the broken doorway. Details that show Tiahuanacu existed.

Tiahuanacu Image

Enlarged drawing of the bas-relief on the broken doorway. Details that show Tiahuanacu existed.

Children dressed up as Jesters.

Jesters

Children dressed up as Jesters.

A group of children with dogs.

Children

A group of children with dogs.

Two children ice skating.

Skating

Two children ice skating.

A scene from the story, "The Ant and the Cricket."

Ant and the Cricket

A scene from the story, "The Ant and the Cricket."

A drawing of the newly hatched larva, viewed from beneath, with enlargements of anal extremity viewed from above.

Black Scale

A drawing of the newly hatched larva, viewed from beneath, with enlargements of anal extremity viewed…

"The compasses, next to the T square and triangles, are used more than any other instrument. A pencil and pen point are provided, either of which may be inserted into a socket in one leg of the instrument, for the drawing of circles in pencil or ink." &mdash; Hallock, 1905

Compasses

"The compasses, next to the T square and triangles, are used more than any other instrument. A pencil…

"The compasses, next to the T square and triangles, are used more than any other instrument. A pencil and pen point are provided, either of which may be inserted into a socket in one leg of the instrument, for the drawing of circles in pencil or ink." &mdash; Hallock, 1905

Compasses

"The compasses, next to the T square and triangles, are used more than any other instrument. A pencil…

"The compasses, next to the T square and triangles, are used more than any other instrument. A pencil and pen point are provided, either of which may be inserted into a socket in one leg of the instrument, for the drawing of circles in pencil or ink." &mdash; Hallock, 1905

Compasses

"The compasses, next to the T square and triangles, are used more than any other instrument. A pencil…

"The compasses, next to the T square and triangles, are used more than any other instrument. A pencil and pen point are provided, either of which may be inserted into a socket in one leg of the instrument, for the drawing of circles in pencil or ink." &mdash; Hallock, 1905

Compasses

"The compasses, next to the T square and triangles, are used more than any other instrument. A pencil…

"The compasses, next to the T square and triangles, are used more than any other instrument. A pencil and pen point are provided, either of which may be inserted into a socket in one leg of the instrument, for the drawing of circles in pencil or ink." &mdash; Hallock, 1905

Compasses

"The compasses, next to the T square and triangles, are used more than any other instrument. A pencil…

"The compasses, next to the T square and triangles, are used more than any other instrument. A pencil and pen point are provided, either of which may be inserted into a socket in one leg of the instrument, for the drawing of circles in pencil or ink." &mdash; Hallock, 1905

Compasses

"The compasses, next to the T square and triangles, are used more than any other instrument. A pencil…

"For drawing ink lines other than arcs of circles, the ruling pen is used. It should be held as nearly perpendicular to the board as possible, bearing lightly against the T square or triangle, along the edge of which the line is drawn. After a little practice, this position will become natural, and no difficulty will be experienced." &mdash; Hallock, 1905

Ruling Pen

"For drawing ink lines other than arcs of circles, the ruling pen is used. It should be held as nearly…

"For drawing ink lines other than arcs of circles, the ruling pen is used. It should be held as nearly perpendicular to the board as possible, bearing lightly against the T square or triangle, along the edge of which the line is drawn. After a little practice, this position will become natural, and no difficulty will be experienced." &mdash; Hallock, 1905

Ruling Pen

"For drawing ink lines other than arcs of circles, the ruling pen is used. It should be held as nearly…

"The usual form of paddle-wheel, that is called the radial, in which the floats are fixed. It will be seen that a certain loss of power is involved, as the full force of the engine on the water is only experienced when the float is vertical, and as on entering and leaving the water the power is mainly devoted to respectively lifting and drawing down the vessel." &mdash; Chambers, 1881

Ordinary Paddle-wheel

"The usual form of paddle-wheel, that is called the radial, in which the floats are fixed. It will be…

Fifteen children holding their hands above their heads.

Children

Fifteen children holding their hands above their heads.

A large genus of flowering plants. It is popular amongst children attempting to blow the pedals off of it.

Common Dandelion

A large genus of flowering plants. It is popular amongst children attempting to blow the pedals off…

"The subjects, begining at the bottom and going to the right, are (1.) Moses striking the rock; (2.) Noah and the dove; (3.) The three children in the furnace; (4.) Abraham's sacrifice; (5.) the miracle of the loaves." — Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

Fresco Ceiling

"The subjects, begining at the bottom and going to the right, are (1.) Moses striking the rock; (2.)…

"Drawing Frame." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Drawing Frame

"Drawing Frame." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

"The operation which succeeds that of the drawing frame is slubbing, where the sliver has a certain amount of twist imparted to it, and is wound on a bobbin. In this process the end or sliver from the last head of the drawing frame is drawn out by means of three pairs of rollers, and this is twisted as it emerges from the front line of rollers by the action of vertical spindles and flyers, which at the same time wind the ends upon bobbins in successive layers." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Slubbing Frame

"The operation which succeeds that of the drawing frame is slubbing, where the sliver has a certain…

"The spinning frame, or throstle, is made with two sets of drawing rollers, one on each side. Between these the roving bobbins are placed, and the rove is drawn through them to the requisite fineness, and formed into thread by the action of the spindles and flyers, which are placed in front of each set of rollers, at such distances apart from one another as may be required for the different-sized bobbins and counts of yarn to be spun." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Throstle

"The spinning frame, or throstle, is made with two sets of drawing rollers, one on each side. Between…

"The spinning frame, or throstle, is made with two sets of drawing rollers, one on each side. Between these the roving bobbins are placed, and the rove is drawn through them to the requisite fineness, and formed into thread by the action of the spindles and flyers, which are placed in front of each set of rollers, at such distances apart from one another as may be required for the different-sized bobbins and counts of yarn to be spun." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Throstle

"The spinning frame, or throstle, is made with two sets of drawing rollers, one on each side. Between…

"Tentaculocyst and marginal lappets of Aurelia aurita. In the lefthand figure-ML, marginal lappets; T, tentaculocyst; A, superior or aboral surface, magnified about 50 diameters. In the right-hand figure-A, superior or aboral olfactory pit; B, inferior or adoral olfactory pit; H, bridge between the two marginal lappets forming the hood; T, tentaculocyst; End, endoderm; Ent, canal of the enteric system continued into the tentaculocyst; Concendodermal concretion; oc, ectodermal pigment (ocellus). The drawing represents a section, taken in a radial vertical plane so as to pass through the long axis of the tentaculocyst." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Aurelia Aurita

"Tentaculocyst and marginal lappets of Aurelia aurita. In the lefthand figure-ML, marginal lappets;…

"Drawing from life of the desert scorpion, Buthusaustralis." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Scorpion

"Drawing from life of the desert scorpion, Buthusaustralis." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

"Drawing from tlife of the Italian scorpion Euscorpius italicus, Herbst, holding a blue-bottle fly with its left chela, and carefully piercing it between head and thorax with its string. Two insertions of the string are effected and the fly is instantly paralysed by the poison so introduced into its body." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Scorpion

"Drawing from tlife of the Italian scorpion Euscorpius italicus, Herbst, holding a blue-bottle fly with…

"One end of the cup-adjusting hub, with inward bearings. The cones are formed of one piece with the spindles, and the adjusting cp C is screwed in the end of the hub shell, and locked in position by the screwed locking-ring R. The figure also illustrates a divided spindle for facilitating the removal of the tire for repair when required without disturbing the wheel, bearings, chain or gear-case. The chain side of the hub-spindle, not shown in the figure, is secured to the frame in the usual way; on the left side the spindle S projects very little beyond the adjusting cup. A distance washer W is placed between the end of the spindle S and the fork-end F. A detachable screw-pin, or the footstep, P, passes through the washer W, and is screwed into the end of the spindle S, the hexagod head of the detachable pin drawing all the parts securely together." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Cup-adjusting Hub

"One end of the cup-adjusting hub, with inward bearings. The cones are formed of one piece with the…

"Professor Swan's Designs.—Among several ingenious arrangements and new forms of agents proposed by Professor Swan is the mode of sending rays from prisms through interstices left between other prisms placed in front, and also a form of agent which he termed the triesoptric prism, in which the rays would undergo two refractions and three reflexions. a are the front and b the triesoptric prisms. The two upper and lower prisms a are constructed of flint glass of high refractive power. It will be observed from the drawing that this ingenious arrangement is nevertheless open to objection, for cones of light of 30 degrees in front and of 65 degrees at the back are lost through the interstices." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Swans Designs

"Professor Swan's Designs.—Among several ingenious arrangements and new forms of agents proposed by…

A form of pen used for drawing lines of even thickness. It commonly consists of two blades which hold ink between them. The distance apart of the points being adjusted by a screw to conform to the desired width of the line.

Ruling Pen

A form of pen used for drawing lines of even thickness. It commonly consists of two blades which hold…

"Windlass.&mdash;The common windlass for drawing water is another modification of the wheel and axle. The winch, or crank, by which it is turned, is moved around by the hand, and there is no difference in the principle, whether a whole wheel is turned, or a single spoke. The winch, therefore, answers to the wheel, while the rope is taken up, and the weight raised by the axle, as already described." &mdash;Comstock, 1850

Windlass

"Windlass.—The common windlass for drawing water is another modification of the wheel and axle.…

"The simplest idea of a crank is that of a handle to a wheel; its action is familiarly illustrated in the process of drawing water from a well: the bent handle attached to the wheel is first pushed out, then pulled in the opposite direction, and thus a continued rotatory motion is produced upon an axle. The application of this principle to the steam engine, and the variations of pressure on the crank of a steam enginre, may be conveniently illustrated by curves." &mdash;Comstock, 1850

Crank

"The simplest idea of a crank is that of a handle to a wheel; its action is familiarly illustrated in…

"Probably no other insect has been the subject of so many and widespread legends and superstitions as the common "praying mantis," Mantis religiosa. The ancient Greeks endowed it with supernatural powers; the Turks and Arabs hold that it prays constantly with its face turned towards the mecca; the Provencals call it Prega-Diou; and numerous more or less similar names &mdash;preacher, saint, nun, medicant, soothsayer, etc., widely diffused throughout southern Europe. Children ask it to show them the way, and Mouffet assures us that it rarely or never deceives them; and it is even recorded that one specimen, which aligted on the hand of St. Francis Xavier, and which he commanded to sing the praise of God, loudly intoned a very beautiful canticle." &mdash;The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

Praying Mantis

"Probably no other insect has been the subject of so many and widespread legends and superstitions as…

A scene from the story, "The Paradise of Children."

The Paradise of Children

A scene from the story, "The Paradise of Children."

A scene from the story, "The Paradise of Children."

The Paradise of Children

A scene from the story, "The Paradise of Children."

A scene from the story, "The Paradise of Children."

The Paradise of Children

A scene from the story, "The Paradise of Children."

A scene from the story, "The Paradise of Children."

The Paradise of Children

A scene from the story, "The Paradise of Children."

This figure represents the whole of the points and lines requisite for working out a drawing in "parallel perspective." 1) The point of sight; 2)The horizontal line; 3) The point of station; 4) The points of measurement.

Parallel Perspective

This figure represents the whole of the points and lines requisite for working out a drawing in "parallel…

This figure comprises the whole of the points and lines preparatory to beginning a drawing in "angular perspective." 1) The point of sight; 2)The horizontal line; 3) The point of station; 4) The nearest corner of the object to be drawn; 5) The ground line of the building or object, lying on that side, and produced from the nearest corner up to the horizontal line, in order to determine the vanishing point marked 5; 6) A line taken from the vanishing point 5, to the point of station 3; 7) A line drawn at right angles to 6, and extending from the point of station to the horizontal line, at its junction with which the vanishing point, marked 8, is determined; 9) A point of measurement obtained by the use of the vanishing point 8; 10) The other point of measurement, obtained by vanishing point 5; 11) The geometrical scale of the building or object upon a base line drawn through the nearest corner.

Angular Perspective

This figure comprises the whole of the points and lines preparatory to beginning a drawing in "angular…

Two upright oblong figures are here represented in parallel perspective. They may be imagined to resemble the sides and fronts of houses, or their blank walls. One of the figures has two others attached to it of equal dimensions; and these additions might be similarly multiplied to any extent, by the numbers, 7, 8, 9 and 10, in the followig rules. 1) Lines forming to complete fronts of two separate and detached oblongs. 2) The geometrical scale at the base, marked twenty feet. 3) The ground lines of the fronts running to the vanishing point. 4) The top lines tending to vanishing point. 5) Lines from the geometrical scale, to the points of measurement, determining the perspective depths of the oblongs. 6) Perpendicular lines raised at the intersection of the lines 3 and 5, and giving the farthest upright corner lines of the oblongs. The two figures will thus be completed. The remaining lines inserted in the figure are intended to give two other oblongs (or rather their retiring sides) attached to the first, and supposed to be of the same dimensions. They are determined first by finding the centre 7 of the near corner line 1. From 7 a line is drawn to the vanishing point. A line marked 8 is then drawn from the near extremity of 1 through 6, where it is cut by 7; at its intersection with the bottom line 3, the perpendicular line 9 is raised, and another oblong front is completed. A line 10 is drawn, and determined as the line 8 was, from the top of 6, and by crossing the lines 7 and 3. The lines 13, 14, and 15, are inserted merely to show the inner side and back of the other oblong, as they would be seen were the object made of glass. Thus 13,13 are lines for the top and bottom of the back; formed by drawing them to the vanishing point; 14,14 are the top and bottom lines of the farthest side, found by straight lines being drawn from both ends of , until they meet 13,13; at which point of meeting the upright corner of the oblong are completed.

Parallel Perspective

Two upright oblong figures are here represented in parallel perspective. They may be imagined to resemble…

This cube has four additional cubes of equal dimensions. This is effected by first drawing the cube in the order and then finding the centre of the upright line 5, that being the nearest corner line of this first cube. The centre being found at 10, take the line 10 to the vanishing point for that side of the cube; this will give the centres of all the other upright lines of that side of all the added cubes. The line 11 is drawn from the top of the corner line 5, through the intersection of 8 and 10, until it meets the ground line 1, at its junction with which the upright line is raised for the far corner line 12 of the second cube. The three other cubes are described precisely in the same manner, being found by the diagonal lines traversing each pair of the cubes, through the intersection of the centre line 10, with each perpendicular line raised from the meeting of the previous diagonal line with the ground line 1. It will be perceived that a further distance of twelve feet is added to one side of the geometrical scale, and marked A. This is done merely to prove the correctness of the first diagonal line 11, passing through the centre line 10, to determine the perspective depth of the second cube. For if a line be taken from the end of the geometrical scale A to the point of measurement on the horizontal line, it will be found to meet the ground line 1 at exactly the same point; thus proving the truth of both modes of drawing. The former mode, however, is more convenient where a number of cubes are to be drawn; as the geometrical scale might extend far beyond the limits of the paper, and consequently give much more trouble.

Angular Perspective

This cube has four additional cubes of equal dimensions. This is effected by first drawing the cube…

A landscape drawing showing the proper position for the horizontal line.

Horizontal Line

A landscape drawing showing the proper position for the horizontal line.

A drawing of a landscape positioning a horizontal line.

Horizontal Line

A drawing of a landscape positioning a horizontal line.

A drawing of a landscape showing the proper position for the horizontal line.

Horizontal Line

A drawing of a landscape showing the proper position for the horizontal line.

Individuals socializing in the court

Socializing

Individuals socializing in the court

As a kind of joke, John, King Henry's youngest son, had been called Lackland, because he had nothing when his brothers each had some great dukedom. The name suited him only too well before the end of his life. The English made him king at once. Richard had never had any children, but his brother Geoffery, who was older than John had left a son named Arthur, who was about twelve years old, and who rightly the Duke of Normandy and Count of Anjou. King Philip, who was always glad to vex whoever was king of England, took Arthur under his protection, and promised to get Normandy out of John's hands. However, John had a meeting with him and persuaded him to desert Arthur, and marry his son Louis to John's own niece, Blanche, who had a chance of being queen of part of Spain. Still Arthur lived at the French King's court, and when he was sixteen years old, Philip helped him to raise an army and go to try his fortune against his uncle. He laid siege to Mirabeau, a town where his grandmother, Queen Eleanor, was living. John, who was then in Normandy, hurried to her rescue, beat Arthur's army, made him prisoner and carried him off, first to Romen, and then to the strong castle of Falaise. Nobody quite knows what was done to him there. The governor, Hubert de Burgh, once found him fighting hard, though with no weapon but a stool, to defend himself from some ruffians who had been sent to put out his eyes. Hubert saved him from these men, but shortly after this good man was sent elsewhere by the king, and John came himself to Falaise. Arthur was never seen alive again, and it is believed that John took him out in a boat in the river at night, stabbed him with his own hand, and threw his body in the river.

Murder of Prince Arthur

As a kind of joke, John, King Henry's youngest son, had been called Lackland, because he had nothing…

King Henry was a builder of beautiful churches. Westminster Abbey, as it is now, was one. And he was charitable to the poor that, when he had his children weighed, he gave their weight in gold and silver in alms. But he gave to everyone who asked, and so always wanted money; and sometimes his men could get nothing for the king and queen to eat, but by going and taking sheep and poultry from the poor farmers around; so that things were nearly as bad as under William Rufus-because the king was so foolishly good-natured. The Pope was always sending for money, too; and the king tried to raise it in ways that, according to Magna Carta, he had sworn not to do. His foreign friends told him that if he minded Magna Carta he would be a poor creature-not like a king who might do all he pleased; and whenever he listened to them he broke the laws of Magna Carta. Then, when his barons complained and frightened him, he swore again to keep them; so that nobody could trust him, and his weakness was almost as bad for the kingdom as John's wickedness. When they could bear it no longer, the barons all met him at the council, which was called the Parliament, from a French word meaning talk. This time they came in armor, binging all their fighting men, and declared that he had broken his word so often that they should appoint some of their own number to watch him, and hinder his doing anything against the laws he had sworn to observe, or from getting money from the people without their consent.

King Henry and His Barons

King Henry was a builder of beautiful churches. Westminster Abbey, as it is now, was one. And he was…

Two boys with a cow in a stable

Stables

Two boys with a cow in a stable