Of the Pyrola family (Pyrolaceae): 1, Pipsissewa Prince's Pine (Chimaphila umbellata); 2, Spotted Wintergreen (Chimaphila maculata).

Pyrola

Of the Pyrola family (Pyrolaceae): 1, Pipsissewa Prince's Pine (Chimaphila umbellata); 2, Spotted Wintergreen…

"Section across a lake littoral zone, showing typical plant species." From left to right: tapegrass, yellow cow lily, maidencane, cattail, willow, bald cypress, and red maple. -Phelps, 1995

Lake Littoral Zone

"Section across a lake littoral zone, showing typical plant species." From left to right: tapegrass,…

Of the Honeysuckle family (Caprifoliaceae), the hobble-bush (Viburnum alnifolium).

Hobble-Bush

Of the Honeysuckle family (Caprifoliaceae), the hobble-bush (Viburnum alnifolium).

"Vertical section of Calamite, cut through node." -Taylor, 1904

Calamite

"Vertical section of Calamite, cut through node." -Taylor, 1904

"Branches, and fruit (Lepidostrobus) of Lepidodendron)." -Taylor, 1904

Scale Tree

"Branches, and fruit (Lepidostrobus) of Lepidodendron)." -Taylor, 1904

"Transverse section of Calamite, showing cortical layer surrounding woody wedges." -Taylor, 1904

Calamite

"Transverse section of Calamite, showing cortical layer surrounding woody wedges." -Taylor, 1904

The bark of Sigillaria Groeseri, an extinct arborescent plant.

Sigillaria Bark

The bark of Sigillaria Groeseri, an extinct arborescent plant.

"a Lepidodendron (restored); b & c impressions on back; d stem with leaves; e leaflet; f fruit of Lepidodendron, called Lepidostrobus; g showing spores in bracts of fruit." -Taylor, 1904

Lepidodedron

"a Lepidodendron (restored); b & c impressions on back; d stem with leaves; e leaflet; f fruit of Lepidodendron,…

"a Sigillaria (restored); b leaflet; c & d impressions on bark; e section of stem; f portion of cylinder, magnified." -Taylor, 1904

Sigillaria

"a Sigillaria (restored); b leaflet; c & d impressions on bark; e section of stem; f portion of cylinder,…

"Vertical section of Fruit of Calamite, magnified." -Taylor, 1904

Calamite Fruit

"Vertical section of Fruit of Calamite, magnified." -Taylor, 1904

"Transverse section of Fruit of Calamite, magnified." -Taylor, 1904

Calamite Fruit

"Transverse section of Fruit of Calamite, magnified." -Taylor, 1904

"Calamites (a restored); b enlarged fig.; c, d, e, leaflets and branches; f catkin; g root." -Taylor, 1904

Calamites

"Calamites (a restored); b enlarged fig.; c, d, e, leaflets and branches; f catkin; g root." -Taylor,…

"Portion of fossil tree fern (Pecopteris arborescens) on coal shale." -Taylor, 1904

Fossil Tree Fern

"Portion of fossil tree fern (Pecopteris arborescens) on coal shale." -Taylor, 1904

"Twigs and branches of the birch." -Bergen, 1896

Birch Branch

"Twigs and branches of the birch." -Bergen, 1896

"Tip of branch of Ailanthus in winter condition, showing very large leaf-scars and nearly naked buds." -Bergen, 1896

Ailanthus Branch

"Tip of branch of Ailanthus in winter condition, showing very large leaf-scars and nearly naked buds."…

"Accessory buds of box-elder (Negundo). A, front view of group; B, two groups seen in profile." -Bergen, 1896

Maple Buds

"Accessory buds of box-elder (Negundo). A, front view of group; B, two groups seen in profile." -Bergen,…

"Accessory buds of butternut. l, leaf-scar; ax, axillary bud; a, a', accessory buds; t, terminal bud." -Bergen, 1896

Walnut Buds

"Accessory buds of butternut. l, leaf-scar; ax, axillary bud; a, a', accessory buds; t, terminal bud."…

"A, a pear leaf-bud in autumn; B, a leafy shoot derived from A, as seen in the middle of the following summer, with flower-bud at tip; C, the fruit-spur, B, in autumn, after the fall of the leaves." -Bergen, 1896

Pear Leaf-Bud

"A, a pear leaf-bud in autumn; B, a leafy shoot derived from A, as seen in the middle of the following…

"Fruit-bud of pear, showing its development. A, opening in spring; B, later, developing flowers and leaves; C, later still; only one flower has produced a fruit, the rest having fallen off. Below it is a lateral bud which will continue the spur next year." -Bergen, 1896

Pear Fruit-Bud

"Fruit-bud of pear, showing its development. A, opening in spring; B, later, developing flowers and…

"A slowly grown twig of cherry, three inches long and about ten years old. The pointed bud, l, is a leaf-bud; the more obtuse accessory buds, f, f, are flower-buds." -Bergen, 1896

Cherry Twig

"A slowly grown twig of cherry, three inches long and about ten years old. The pointed bud, l, is a…

"B, a twig of European elm; A, a longitudinal section of the buds of B. ax, the axis of the bud which will elongate into a shoot; sc, leaf-scars." -Bergen, 1896

Elm Twig

"B, a twig of European elm; A, a longitudinal section of the buds of B. ax, the axis of the bud which…

"Leafy twig of poplar." -Bergen, 1896

Poplar Leaves

"Leafy twig of poplar." -Bergen, 1896

"Leaf of apple, with stipules." -Bergen, 1896

Apple Leaf

"Leaf of apple, with stipules." -Bergen, 1896

"The fall of the horse-chestnut leaf." -Bergen, 1896

Buckeye Leaves

"The fall of the horse-chestnut leaf." -Bergen, 1896

"Pinnately compound leaf of locust, with spines for stipules." -Bergen, 1896

Locust Leaf

"Pinnately compound leaf of locust, with spines for stipules." -Bergen, 1896

"Leaf arrangement of the oak." -Bergen, 1896

Oak Leaves

"Leaf arrangement of the oak." -Bergen, 1896

"Leaf arrangement of European beech." -Bergen, 1896

European Beech Leaves

"Leaf arrangement of European beech." -Bergen, 1896

"Leaf arrangement of horse-chestnut on vertical shoots." -Bergen, 1896

Buckeye Leaves

"Leaf arrangement of horse-chestnut on vertical shoots." -Bergen, 1896

"Leaf arrangement of horse-chestnut on vertical shoots." -Bergen, 1896

Buckeye Leaves

"Leaf arrangement of horse-chestnut on vertical shoots." -Bergen, 1896

"A leaf of Acacia. A, as seen by day; B, the same leaf asleep at night." -Bergen, 1896

Acacia Leaf

"A leaf of Acacia. A, as seen by day; B, the same leaf asleep at night." -Bergen, 1896

"Thorn stipules of locust." -Bergen, 1896

Locust Thorns

"Thorn stipules of locust." -Bergen, 1896

"Flowers of willow. A, staminate flower; B, pistillate flower." -Bergen, 1896

Willow Flowers

"Flowers of willow. A, staminate flower; B, pistillate flower." -Bergen, 1896

Chestnuts.

Chestnuts

Chestnuts.

"Winged fruits. I, elm; II, maple." -Bergen, 1896

Winged Fruits

"Winged fruits. I, elm; II, maple." -Bergen, 1896

"Fruits of Linden, with a bract joined to the peduncle and forming a wing." -Bergen, 1896

Tilia Fruit

"Fruits of Linden, with a bract joined to the peduncle and forming a wing." -Bergen, 1896

Wolves attacking a traveler. Caption below illustration: "The road now ran along the skirts of a pine forest, when the traveler suddenly perceived a suspicious noise behind her. Casting back a look of alarm, she saw a troop of wolves trotting along the road, the number of which her fears hindered her from estimating."

Wolves Attacking a Traveler

Wolves attacking a traveler. Caption below illustration: "The road now ran along the skirts of a pine…

"Longitudinal section through fertilized ovule of a spruce. p, pollen grains; t, pollen tubes; n neck of the archegonium; a, body of archegonium with nucleus; e, embryo sac filled with endosperm." -Bergen, 1896

Spruce Ovule

"Longitudinal section through fertilized ovule of a spruce. p, pollen grains; t, pollen tubes; n neck…

"Catkins of willow. A, staminate flowers; B, pistillate flowers." -Bergen, 1896

Willow Catkin

"Catkins of willow. A, staminate flowers; B, pistillate flowers." -Bergen, 1896

"Scotch Pine (P. slvestris). 1, a twig showing: a, staminate catkins; b, pistillate catkins; c, a cone; d, needles. 2, an anther, a, side view; b, outer surface. 3, a carpel-scale, a, inner surface; b, outer surface. 4, a cone-scale, a seed-wing, and a seed. 5, section of a seed, showing the embryo." -Bergen, 1896

Scotch Pine

"Scotch Pine (P. slvestris). 1, a twig showing: a, staminate catkins; b, pistillate catkins; c, a cone;…

"Alnus glutinosa. A, a flowering twig; s, staminate catkins; p, pistillate catkins; B, a group of staminate flowers, enlarged; C, two pistillate flowers, enlarged." -Bergen, 1896

Alder Flowers

"Alnus glutinosa. A, a flowering twig; s, staminate catkins; p, pistillate catkins; B, a group of staminate…

"Ulmus campestris. A, a flowering twig; B, a flower; C, longitudinal section of a flower; D, a fruit." -Bergen, 1896

Elm Flowers

"Ulmus campestris. A, a flowering twig; B, a flower; C, longitudinal section of a flower; D, a fruit."…

The fruit, flower, and leaves of the cacao tree.

Cacao

The fruit, flower, and leaves of the cacao tree.

A branch of the camphor tree, Cinnamomum camphora.

Camphor Tree Branch

A branch of the camphor tree, Cinnamomum camphora.

A lynx sitting on a branch in a tree.

Lynx

A lynx sitting on a branch in a tree.

Leaves and flowers of the cinnamon plant.

Cinnamon

Leaves and flowers of the cinnamon plant.

A house with a large tree in the front and illustration of Grover Cleveland's birthplace.

House

A house with a large tree in the front and illustration of Grover Cleveland's birthplace.

Two men cutting cork, made from the bark of the cork oak (Quercus suber).

Cork

Two men cutting cork, made from the bark of the cork oak (Quercus suber).

The leaves and cones of the cypress tree.

Cypress Leaves and Cones

The leaves and cones of the cypress tree.

"The sugar maple tree resembles the sycamore, and abounds in the northern parts of the United States, and in the British possessions, where large quantities of sugar are made. "-Lupton

Gathering Sap to make Maple Sugar

"The sugar maple tree resembles the sycamore, and abounds in the northern parts of the United States,…

"The cocoa, or as it should be written,cacao, tree is an evergreen, and it said to bear some resemblance to a young cherry-tree; the leaves are large and simple, the flowers grow in clusters, the pods are not unlike cucumbers in form, and of a yellowish red color; they contain from twenty to thirty nuts." -Lupton

Cacao Tree

"The cocoa, or as it should be written,cacao, tree is an evergreen, and it said to bear some resemblance…

"It is a very large tree, the trunk being sometimes three feet in diameter, although it is of little is as a timber tree, the wood being spongy." -Lupton

The Gutta-percha tree

"It is a very large tree, the trunk being sometimes three feet in diameter, although it is of little…

"An evergreen of the laurel family, having glossy leaves and bearing clusters of yellowish flowers, which are succeeded by branches of fruit resembling black currants." -Lupton

Camphor Tree

"An evergreen of the laurel family, having glossy leaves and bearing clusters of yellowish flowers,…

The nutmeg trees are genus of the evergreen tree. The flowers grown on the nutmeg tree can be used as two spices, nutmeg and mace.

Nutmeg Tree

The nutmeg trees are genus of the evergreen tree. The flowers grown on the nutmeg tree can be used as…

Cloves trees are native to Indonesia. Flower buds from the tree, once dried, are used as a spice in food world wide.

Clove Tree

Cloves trees are native to Indonesia. Flower buds from the tree, once dried, are used as a spice in…

The cinnamon tree is a evergreen tree small in stature. The bark from the tree is used as a the spice, cinnamon.

Cinnamon Tree

The cinnamon tree is a evergreen tree small in stature. The bark from the tree is used as a the spice,…

"Pimento or Jamaica pepper, otherwise called allspice, is a small berry, the fruit of a beautiful tree, abut thirty feet high, with a straight trunk much branched above covered with a smooth, gray bark." -Lupton

Allspice

"Pimento or Jamaica pepper, otherwise called allspice, is a small berry, the fruit of a beautiful tree,…

" Almonds come from Spain and Italy, but they grow spontaneously in many other warm countries. There are two kinds of almonds, the sweet and the bitter, only differing from each other in the flavor of the nut. Valentia almonds are sweet and large; Italian not either so large or sweet." -Lupton

Almond Tree

" Almonds come from Spain and Italy, but they grow spontaneously in many other warm countries. There…

"The date is the fruit of a tall and graceful palm which shoots up a single straight stem to height of fifty or sixty feet, and then expands into a beautiful crown of leaves.

Date Tree

"The date is the fruit of a tall and graceful palm which shoots up a single straight stem to height…

"The olive tree grows abundantly in all the countries bordering on the Mediterranean Sea." -Lupton It's fruit, the olive, is used as a major resource to these countries for the production of olive oil.

Olive Tree

"The olive tree grows abundantly in all the countries bordering on the Mediterranean Sea." -Lupton It's…

"This tree, a native of India, is remarkable for its vast branches. It is a species of fig; has ovate, heart-shaped, entire leaves, about five or six inches long, and produces a fruit of a rich scarlet, not larger than a cherry, growing in pairs from the axils of the leaves." -Lupton

Banyan Tree

"This tree, a native of India, is remarkable for its vast branches. It is a species of fig; has ovate,…