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United States Flag, 23-stars, 1820-1822 Alabama and Maine were added as states in 1820, two stars were added to the flag, which increased the number of stars to 23. Thirteen stripes represent the thirteen original colonies. There is rumored to have been a 23-star flag with the stars arranged in the shape of one large star; however, there are no surviving copies.

United States Flag, 23 stars

United States Flag, 23-stars, 1820-1822 Alabama and Maine were added as states in 1820, two stars were…

Coat of Arms of the United States first appeared publicly in 1782.

The Great Seal of the United States

Coat of Arms of the United States first appeared publicly in 1782.

Coat of Arms, Venezuela

The Great Seal of Venezuela

Coat of Arms, Venezuela

The Big Dipper is used to find the North Star.

Big Dipper

The Big Dipper is used to find the North Star.

The diagram shows how to determine North using a watch and the location of the sun.

Watch Compass

The diagram shows how to determine North using a watch and the location of the sun.

The diagram shows how to determine North by sun and plumb line.

Determining North

The diagram shows how to determine North by sun and plumb line.

Finding the north star with the Big Dipper and Cassiopeia.

North Star

Finding the north star with the Big Dipper and Cassiopeia.

This figure "shows the cotidal lines and the lines of equal rise and fall for a diurnal component in latitude 30 degrees north." -Coast and Geodetic Survey, 1901

Cotidal Lines

This figure "shows the cotidal lines and the lines of equal rise and fall for a diurnal component in…

This figure shows "the cotidal lines and lines of equal amplitude for a diurnal tide in a circular sea of 20 degrees radius, the latitude of the center being 30 degrees north." -Coast and Geodetic Survey, 1901

Diurnal Cotidal Lines

This figure shows "the cotidal lines and lines of equal amplitude for a diurnal tide in a circular sea…

This figure shows "the cotidal lines and lines of equal amplitude for a diurnal tide in a circular sea of 20 degrees radius, the latitude of the center being 30 degrees north." -Coast and Geodetic Survey, 1901

Diurnal Cotidal Lines

This figure shows "the cotidal lines and lines of equal amplitude for a diurnal tide in a circular sea…

Two species of the lily family (Liliaceae): left, false Solomon's seal (Smilacina stellata); right, Smilacina trifolia.

S. Stellata and S. Trifolia

Two species of the lily family (Liliaceae): left, false Solomon's seal (Smilacina stellata); right,…

Of the lily family (Liliaceae), Solomon's seal or Polygonatum biflorum.

P. Biflorum

Of the lily family (Liliaceae), Solomon's seal or Polygonatum biflorum.

Of the mustard family (Cruciferae), the Carolina Whitlow grass or Draba caroliniana.

Carolina Whitlow Grass

Of the mustard family (Cruciferae), the Carolina Whitlow grass or Draba caroliniana.

The bayberry or Myrica cerifera is small tree native to North America and used in candlemaking and for medicinal purposes.

Bayberry

The bayberry or Myrica cerifera is small tree native to North America and used in candlemaking and for…

"Generalized schematic of the hydrogeology of the study area. 1, unconfined conditions (Hawthorn Formation absent or very thin); 2, semiconfined conditions (Hawthorn Formation less than 100 feet thick); 3, confined conditions (Hawthorn Formation greater than 100 feet thick)." -Hatzell, 1995

Upper Floridan Aquifer

"Generalized schematic of the hydrogeology of the study area. 1, unconfined conditions (Hawthorn Formation…

"The gar-pike (Lepidosteus osseus), a Ganoid fish, now living in North American rivers." -Taylor, 1904

Gar-Pike

"The gar-pike (Lepidosteus osseus), a Ganoid fish, now living in North American rivers." -Taylor, 1904

A paleozoic crinoid, Ichtyocrinus laevis found in Silurian limestone in North America.

Ichtyocrinus

A paleozoic crinoid, Ichtyocrinus laevis found in Silurian limestone in North America.

"Terraced Hills of the Burren, as seen from the north of Galway Bay." -Taylor, 1904

Terraced Hills

"Terraced Hills of the Burren, as seen from the north of Galway Bay." -Taylor, 1904

Stone mallets and the North American Indian method of mounting. A Neolithic age implement. Not drawn to scale.

Neolithic Implements Stone Mallets

Stone mallets and the North American Indian method of mounting. A Neolithic age implement. Not drawn…

"Parallel-veined leaf of Solomon's seal." -Bergen, 1896

Solomon's Seal Leaf

"Parallel-veined leaf of Solomon's seal." -Bergen, 1896

"Leaves standing nearly vertical in compass-plant. (Silphium laciniatum). A, view from east or west; B, from north or south." -Bergen, 1896

Compass Plant

"Leaves standing nearly vertical in compass-plant. (Silphium laciniatum). A, view from east or west;…

The coat of arms of Manitoba, a Canadian province.

Manitoba Coat of Arms

The coat of arms of Manitoba, a Canadian province.

(1815-1872) American soldier in the Mexican War and Union general in the Civil War.

George Gordon Meade

(1815-1872) American soldier in the Mexican War and Union general in the Civil War.

The coat of arms for New Brunswick, a province of Canada.

New Brunswick Coat of Arms

The coat of arms for New Brunswick, a province of Canada.

The coat of arms of Alberta, a province of Canada.

Alberta Coat of Arms

The coat of arms of Alberta, a province of Canada.

(1861-1931) American educator serving as president of the University of North Carolina, Tulane University, and the University of Virginia.

Edwin Anderson Alderman

(1861-1931) American educator serving as president of the University of North Carolina, Tulane University,…

(1872-1928) Norwegian explorer most famous for first reaching the North and South Poles.

Roald Amundsen

(1872-1928) Norwegian explorer most famous for first reaching the North and South Poles.

A pirate ship of the Barbary Coast in North Africa.

Barbary Pirate Ship

A pirate ship of the Barbary Coast in North Africa.

Closely allied to the common seal is the marbled seal me with some of the European coasts.

Marbled Seal

Closely allied to the common seal is the marbled seal me with some of the European coasts.

The genus Cystophora includes the large bladder-nose, hooded or crested seal of the Greenland seas, in which the nose of the males has a curious dispensable sac, and which attains an average length of from 10 to 12 feet.

Hooded Seal

The genus Cystophora includes the large bladder-nose, hooded or crested seal of the Greenland seas,…

The species found in Alaska and the Commander Islands in the Bering Sea is the fur seal.

Fur Seal

The species found in Alaska and the Commander Islands in the Bering Sea is the fur seal.

"Bear Butte, from the North." -Walcott, 1901

Bear Butte

"Bear Butte, from the North." -Walcott, 1901

(1792-1840) John Lambton, the First Earl of Durham was an English statesman, colonial administrator, Governor General, and high commissioner of British North America.

John George Lambton, First Earl of Durham

(1792-1840) John Lambton, the First Earl of Durham was an English statesman, colonial administrator,…

The North American variety of reindeer is commonly called the caribou.

Caribou

The North American variety of reindeer is commonly called the caribou.

Fort Sumter before the Civil War.

Fort Sumter

Fort Sumter before the Civil War.

"The king of the herrings is from three to four feet in length, of a general silvery color, spotted with brown. It inhabits the North Sea, living on mollusks and crustaceans."

Chimaera Monstrosa (the Arctic chimaera)

"The king of the herrings is from three to four feet in length, of a general silvery color, spotted…

"Gadwall, a rather large fresh-water duck, common in the interior of the United States and breeding north of the latitude of Kentucky. It is a black and white duck, marked with brown, and is one of the favorite game birds." -Foster, 1921

Gadwall

"Gadwall, a rather large fresh-water duck, common in the interior of the United States and breeding…

The shortleaf pine is mostly associated with with deciduous-leaved trees, often the predominant forest growth in parts of North America.

Shortleaf pine (pinus echinata Mill.). Natural size. branch with open cones

The shortleaf pine is mostly associated with with deciduous-leaved trees, often the predominant forest…

The shortleaf pine is mostly associated with with deciduous-leaved trees, often the predominant forest growth in parts of North America.

Shortleaf pine (pinus echinata Mill.). Natural size. cone scales, dorsal view

The shortleaf pine is mostly associated with with deciduous-leaved trees, often the predominant forest…

The shortleaf pine is mostly associated with with deciduous-leaved trees, often the predominant forest growth in parts of North America.

Shortleaf pine (pinus echinata Mill.). Natural size. cone scales, ventral view

The shortleaf pine is mostly associated with with deciduous-leaved trees, often the predominant forest…

The shortleaf pine is mostly associated with with deciduous-leaved trees, often the predominant forest growth in parts of North America.

Shortleaf pine (pinus echinata Mill.). Natural size. seed

The shortleaf pine is mostly associated with with deciduous-leaved trees, often the predominant forest…

Carolina poplar not pruned since setting out.

Carolina Poplar Not Pruned Since Setting Out

Carolina poplar not pruned since setting out.

Carolina poplar severely headed back

Carolina Poplar Severely Headed Back

Carolina poplar severely headed back

The wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) is a large bird native to North America.

Wild Turkey

The wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) is a large bird native to North America.

The edible crab (Cancer pagurus) is a species of crab found in the North Sea, North Atlantic, and the Mediterranean Sea.

Edible Crab

The edible crab (Cancer pagurus) is a species of crab found in the North Sea, North Atlantic, and the…

Oculina ranges from Cape Hatteras, North Carolina through the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean, though the main population of concern is off east-central Florida where it forms unique thicket-type structures in 70-100 meters (230 to 330 ft) depth known as the "Oculina Banks". Colonies are arborescent, with highly clumped, irregular bushy branches.

Oculina Virginea (Lamarck)

Oculina ranges from Cape Hatteras, North Carolina through the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean, though the…

An illustration of a cliff over looking the Tugaloo river. The Tugaloo River is a short river bordering Georgia and South Carolina. It is fed by the Tallulah River and the Chattooga River.

Cliff overlooking Tugaloo River

An illustration of a cliff over looking the Tugaloo river. The Tugaloo River is a short river bordering…

Yonah Mountain (more commonly referred to as Yonah) is located in the Chattahoochee National Forest in the north of Georgia. Yonah is the Cherokee word for Bear.

Yonah Mountain

Yonah Mountain (more commonly referred to as Yonah) is located in the Chattahoochee National Forest…

An illustration of Battery Park is a landmark promenade in Charleston, South Carolina famous for it's stately antebellum homes. First used as a public public park in 1867, it became a place for artillery during the American Civil War.

Battery Park

An illustration of Battery Park is a landmark promenade in Charleston, South Carolina famous for it's…

An illustration of Battery Park is a landmark promenade in Charleston, South Carolina famous for it's stately antebellum homes. First used as a public public park in 1867, it became a place for artillery during the American Civil War.

Battery Park

An illustration of Battery Park is a landmark promenade in Charleston, South Carolina famous for it's…

An illustration of the South Carolina coast near Fort Sumter.

Beach

An illustration of the South Carolina coast near Fort Sumter.

An illustration of the ruins of St. Finbar located in Charleston, SC.

Church Ruins

An illustration of the ruins of St. Finbar located in Charleston, SC.

An illustration of a rice plantation located in South Carolina.

Rice Plantation

An illustration of a rice plantation located in South Carolina.

John C. Calhoun (March 18, 1782 - March 31, 1850) was a leading Southern politician and political philosopher from South Carolina during the first half of the 19th century. He is perhaps best known as the first Vice President to resign his office. Illustration of John C, Calhoun's grave.

John C. Calhoun's Grave

John C. Calhoun (March 18, 1782 - March 31, 1850) was a leading Southern politician and political philosopher…

Illustration of a post office in Charleston, South Carolina.

Post Office

Illustration of a post office in Charleston, South Carolina.

African slaves unloading rice barges at a South Carolinian rice plantation.

Unloading Rice barges

African slaves unloading rice barges at a South Carolinian rice plantation.

An illustration of Roper Hospital in Charleston, SC.

Hospital

An illustration of Roper Hospital in Charleston, SC.

An illustration of typical southern Victorian house located in Charleston, SC.

House

An illustration of typical southern Victorian house located in Charleston, SC.

An illustration of the state house located in Columbia, South Carolina.

State House

An illustration of the state house located in Columbia, South Carolina.

An illustration of Magnolia Cemetery located in Charleston, South Carolina. Approximately 35,000 people are buried at Magnolia Cemetery, 2,200 of which are Civil War Veterans. Included in that number are five Confederate generals and fourteen signers of the Ordinance of Succession.

Magnolia Cemetery

An illustration of Magnolia Cemetery located in Charleston, South Carolina. Approximately 35,000 people…