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An illustration of a fallweb worm caterpillar. Fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea, is a moth in the family Arctiidae known principally for its larval stage, where it creates the characteristic webbed nests on the tree limbs of a wide variety of hardwoods in the late summer and fall. It is mainly an aesthetic pest and is not believed to harm otherwise healthy trees. It is well-known to commercial tree services and arboriculturists

Fallweb Worm Caterpillar

An illustration of a fallweb worm caterpillar. Fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea, is a moth in the family…

An illustration of a fallweb worm caterpillar. Fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea, is a moth in the family Arctiidae known principally for its larval stage, where it creates the characteristic webbed nests on the tree limbs of a wide variety of hardwoods in the late summer and fall. It is mainly an aesthetic pest and is not believed to harm otherwise healthy trees. It is well-known to commercial tree services and arboriculturists

Fallweb Worm Caterpillar

An illustration of a fallweb worm caterpillar. Fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea, is a moth in the family…

An illustration of a fallweb worm caterpillar. Fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea, is a moth in the family Arctiidae known principally for its larval stage, where it creates the characteristic webbed nests on the tree limbs of a wide variety of hardwoods in the late summer and fall. It is mainly an aesthetic pest and is not believed to harm otherwise healthy trees. It is well-known to commercial tree services and arboriculturists

Fallweb Worm Caterpillar

An illustration of a fallweb worm caterpillar. Fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea, is a moth in the family…

An illustration of a fallweb worm pupa. Fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea, is a moth in the family Arctiidae known principally for its larval stage, where it creates the characteristic webbed nests on the tree limbs of a wide variety of hardwoods in the late summer and fall. It is mainly an aesthetic pest and is not believed to harm otherwise healthy trees. It is well-known to commercial tree services and arboriculturists

Fallweb Worm Pupa

An illustration of a fallweb worm pupa. Fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea, is a moth in the family Arctiidae…

An illustration of a fallweb worm pupa. Fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea, is a moth in the family Arctiidae known principally for its larval stage, where it creates the characteristic webbed nests on the tree limbs of a wide variety of hardwoods in the late summer and fall. It is mainly an aesthetic pest and is not believed to harm otherwise healthy trees. It is well-known to commercial tree services and arboriculturists

Fallweb Worm Pupa

An illustration of a fallweb worm pupa. Fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea, is a moth in the family Arctiidae…

An illustration of a fallweb worm moth. Fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea, is a moth in the family Arctiidae known principally for its larval stage, where it creates the characteristic webbed nests on the tree limbs of a wide variety of hardwoods in the late summer and fall. It is mainly an aesthetic pest and is not believed to harm otherwise healthy trees. It is well-known to commercial tree services and arboriculturists

Fallweb Worm Moth

An illustration of a fallweb worm moth. Fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea, is a moth in the family Arctiidae…

The Tree Sparrow, Passer montanus, breeds over most of Europe and Siberia, and allied forms occur in other parts of Asia. It has been introduced to Australia, and the United States (where it is known as the Eurasian Tree Sparrow or German Sparrow to differentiate it from the native, unrelated American Tree Sparrow), where German immigrants introduced it to the area around St. Louis in the 1870s. From there, it has slowly expanded its range into Illinois and Missouri. Changes in farming methods have meant that this species is declining in some parts of western Europe.

Tree Sparrow

The Tree Sparrow, Passer montanus, breeds over most of Europe and Siberia, and allied forms occur in…

The tupelos, or pepperidge tree, genus Nyssa, are a small genus of about 9 to 11 species of trees with alternate, simple leaves. Most are highly tolerant of wet soils and flooding, some needing to grow in such environments. Five of the species are native to eastern North America from the extreme south of Canada south to eastern Mexico; the others to east and south Asia from China south to Malaysia and west to the Himalaya. A related genus, Davidia, the Dove tree, occurs in China.

Tupelp

The tupelos, or pepperidge tree, genus Nyssa, are a small genus of about 9 to 11 species of trees with…

Amelanchier, also known as shadbush, serviceberry, sarvisberry, juneberry, Saskatoon, shadblow, shadwood, sugarplum, and wild-plum, is a genus of about 20 species of shrubs and small deciduous trees in the Rosaceae (Rose family). The genus is native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, growing primarily in early successional habitats. It is most diverse taxonomically in North America, especially in the northern United States and southern Canada, and is native to every state of the United States except Hawaii. Two species also occur in Asia, and one in Europe. These plants are valued horticulturally, and their fruits are important to wildlife.

Amelanchier

Amelanchier, also known as shadbush, serviceberry, sarvisberry, juneberry, Saskatoon, shadblow, shadwood,…

Junipers are coniferous plants in the genus Juniperus of the cypress family Cupressaceae. Depending on taxonomic viewpoint, there are between 50-67 species of juniper, widely distributed throughout the northern hemisphere, from the Arctic, south to tropical Africa in the Old World, and to the mountains of Central America. Junipers vary in size and shape from tall trees, 20-40 m tall, to columnar or low spreading shrubs with long trailing branches. They are evergreen with needle-like and/or scale-like leaves. They can be either monoecious or dioecious

Juniper

Junipers are coniferous plants in the genus Juniperus of the cypress family Cupressaceae. Depending…

Juniperus virginiana (Eastern Redcedar, Red Cedar, Eastern Juniper, Red Juniper, Pencil Cedar) is a species of juniper native to eastern North America, from southeastern Canada to the Gulf of Mexico, east of the Great Plains. Further west, it is replaced by the related Juniperus scopulorum (Rocky Mountain Juniper), and to the southwest, by Juniperus ashei (Ashe Juniper). The Lakota Native American name is Chansha, "redwood" or Hante'. In its native range, it is commonly called "cedar" or "red cedar", names rejected by the American Joint Committee on Horticultural Nomenclature as it is a juniper, not a true cedar

Eastern Juniper

Juniperus virginiana (Eastern Redcedar, Red Cedar, Eastern Juniper, Red Juniper, Pencil Cedar) is a…

An illustration of a bird house for a tree swallow.

Bird House

An illustration of a bird house for a tree swallow.

"Sapodilla (Sapota zapotilla). (a), the fruit; (b), the same, transversely cut." -Whitney, 1911

Sapodilla

"Sapodilla (Sapota zapotilla). (a), the fruit; (b), the same, transversely cut." -Whitney, 1911

From the woodpecker family, the Yellow-Bellied Sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varius) is known for drilling holes in birch trees.

Yellow-Bellied Sapsucker

From the woodpecker family, the Yellow-Bellied Sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varius) is known for drilling…

"Sassafras (Sassafras sassafras). 1. Branch with fruits. 2. Branch with sterile flowers. a, b, c, different forms of leaves." -Whitney, 1911

Sassafras

"Sassafras (Sassafras sassafras). 1. Branch with fruits. 2. Branch with sterile flowers. a, b, c, different…

An illustration of a zinc band around the trunk of a tree to prevent cats and squirrels from climbing the tree.

Zinc Bands

An illustration of a zinc band around the trunk of a tree to prevent cats and squirrels from climbing…

An illustration of a cone shaped zinc band around the trunk of a tree to prevent cats and squirrels from climbing the tree.

Zinc Bands

An illustration of a cone shaped zinc band around the trunk of a tree to prevent cats and squirrels…

Cloves (Syzygium aromaticum, syn. Eugenia aromaticum or Eugenia caryophyllata) are the aromatic dried flower buds of a tree in the family Myrtaceae. Cloves are native to Indonesia and used as a spice in cuisine all over the world. The name derives from French clou, a nail, as the buds vaguely resemble small irregular nails in shape. Cloves are harvested primarily in Indonesia, Madagascar, and Zanzibar, ; it is also grown in India called Lavang , Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. The clove tree is an evergreen which grows to a height ranging from 10-20 m, having large oval leaves and crimson flowers in numerous groups of terminal clusters. The flower buds are at first of a pale color and gradually become green, after which they develop into a bright red, when they are ready for collecting. Cloves are harvested when 1.5-2 cm long, and consist of a long calyx, terminating in four spreading sepals, and four unopened petals which form a small ball in the centre.

Clove Plant and Seed

Cloves (Syzygium aromaticum, syn. Eugenia aromaticum or Eugenia caryophyllata) are the aromatic dried…

"a, Scales of Chionaspis pinifoliae upon pine-leaves, natural size; b, scale of male, enlarged; c, straight scale of female, enlarged; d, curved scale of female, enlarged." -Whitney, 1911

Pine Needle Scale

"a, Scales of Chionaspis pinifoliae upon pine-leaves, natural size; b, scale of male, enlarged; c, straight…

"Scale-insect. Oyster-shell bark-louse of the apple (Mytilaspis pomorum); male. a, ventral view with wings closed; b, dorsal view with wings expanded; c, scale (line shows natural size); d, leg; f, antennal joint." -Whitney, 1911

Scale Insect

"Scale-insect. Oyster-shell bark-louse of the apple (Mytilaspis pomorum); male. a, ventral view with…

An illustration of an Agathis branch. The genus Agathis, commonly known as kauri or dammar, is a relatively small genus of 21 species of evergreen trees in the very ancient Araucariaceae family of conifers. While initially widespread during the Jurassic period they are now found only in small areas of the southern hemisphere. The trees have characteristically very large trunks and little or no branching for some way up. Young trees are normally conical in shape, only upon maturity does the crown become more rounded or irregularly shaped.

Agathis Branch

An illustration of an Agathis branch. The genus Agathis, commonly known as kauri or dammar, is a relatively…

An illustration of a portion of a date palm leaf. The Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera) is a palm in the genus Phoenix, extensively cultivated for its edible fruit. Due to its long history of cultivation for fruit, its exact native distribution is unknown, but probably originated somewhere in the desert oases of northern Africa, and perhaps also southwest Asia. It is a medium-sized tree, 15–25 m tall, often clumped with several trunks from a single root system, but often growing singly as well. The leaves are pinnate, 3–5 m long, with spines on the petiole and about 150 leaflets; the leaflets are 30 cm long and 2 cm broad. The full span of the crown ranges from 6–10 m.

Date Palm Leaf

An illustration of a portion of a date palm leaf. The Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera) is a palm in the…

Ferry Farm, also known as George Washington Boyhood Home Site or Ferry Farm Site, is the name of the farm and home at which George Washington spent much of his childhood. In July 2008, archeologists announced that they had found remains of the boyhood home, which had burnt in a fire, including artifacts such as pieces of a tea set probably belonging to George's mother, Mary Ball Washington.

Washington Family Residence

Ferry Farm, also known as George Washington Boyhood Home Site or Ferry Farm Site, is the name of the…

Draco volans, or the Flying Dragon, is a member of the genus of gliding lizards Draco. It can spread out folds of skin attached to its movable ribs to form "wings" that it uses to glide from tree to tree over distances upwards of 8 meters (25 feet); however, like all modern reptiles, it lacks the ability to sustain powered flight, and is capable only of gliding. Its wings are brightly colored with orange, red and blue spots and stripes, and they provide camouflage when folded. The flying dragon can reach lengths as long as 19 - 23 cm. It feeds on arboreal ants and termites.

Flying Dragon

Draco volans, or the Flying Dragon, is a member of the genus of gliding lizards Draco. It can spread…

Dracaena is a genus of about 40 species of trees and succulent shrubs classified in the family Ruscaceae in the APG II system, or, according to some treatments, separated (sometimes with Cordyline) into a family of their own, Dracaenaceae or in the Agavaceae. The majority of the species are native in Africa, with a few in southern Asia and one in tropical Central America. The segregate genus Pleomele is now generally included in Dracaena. The genus Sanseviera is closely related, and has recently been synonymized under Dracaena in the Kubitzki system.

Dracaena

Dracaena is a genus of about 40 species of trees and succulent shrubs classified in the family Ruscaceae…

Ferry Farm, also known as George Washington Boyhood Home Site or Ferry Farm Site, is the name of the farm and home at which George Washington spent much of his childhood. In July 2008, archeologists announced that they had found remains of the boyhood home, which had burnt in a fire, including artifacts such as pieces of a tea set probably belonging to George's mother, Mary Ball Washington.

Washington's House in Fredericksburg

Ferry Farm, also known as George Washington Boyhood Home Site or Ferry Farm Site, is the name of the…

The Eastern Gray Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) is a tree squirrel native to eastern United States.

Eastern Gray Squirrel

The Eastern Gray Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) is a tree squirrel native to eastern United States.

Mason Locke Weems (October 11, 1756 – May 23, 1825), generally known as Parson Weems, was an American printer and author. He is best known as the source of some of the apocryphal stories about George Washington, including the famous tale of the cherry tree ("I cannot tell a lie, I did it with my little hatchet"). The Life of Washington, Weems' most famous work, contained the story.

Mason Locke Weems

Mason Locke Weems (October 11, 1756 – May 23, 1825), generally known as Parson Weems, was an American…

Eucalyptus is a diverse genus of trees (and a few shrubs), the members of which dominate the tree flora of Australia. There are more than seven hundred species of Eucalyptus, mostly native to Australia, with a very small number found in adjacent parts of New Guinea and Indonesia and one as far north as the Philippines islands. Species of Eucalyptus are cultivated throughout the tropics and subtropics including the Americas, England, Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East, China and the Indian Subcontinent.

Eucalyptus

Eucalyptus is a diverse genus of trees (and a few shrubs), the members of which dominate the tree flora…

The almond is native to Iran, from northwestern Saudi Arabia, north through western Jordan, Israel, Lebanon, western Syria, to southern Turkey. It is a small deciduous tree, growing to between 4 and 10 meters in height, with a trunk of up to 30 centimeters in diameter. The young shoots are green at first, becoming purplish where exposed to sunlight, then grey in their second year. The leaves are 1 cm long and 1.2–4 cm broad, with a serrated margin and a 2.5 cm petiole. The flowers are white or pale pink, 3–5 cm diameter with five petals, produced singly or in pairs before the leaves in early spring. The fruit is a drupe 3.5–6 cm long, with a downy outer coat. The outer covering or exocarp, (fleshy in other members of Prunus such as the plum and cherry), is instead a leathery grey-green coating called the hull, which contains inside a hard shell, and the edible seed, commonly called a nut in culinary terms. Generally, one seed is present, but occasionally there are two. In botanical terms, an almond is not a true nut. The reticulated hard woody shell (like the outside of a peach pit) surrounding the edible seed is called the endocarp. The fruit is mature in the autumn, 7–8 months after flowering.

Almond Tree and Fruit

The almond is native to Iran, from northwestern Saudi Arabia, north through western Jordan, Israel,…

The hop (Humulus) is a small genus of flowering plants, native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere. The female flowers, commonly called hops, are used as flavoring and stabilizers during beer brewing. The hop is part of the family Cannabaceae, which also includes the genus cannabis (also known as hemp). Hops are the female flower cones of the hop plant (Humulus lupulus). They are used primarily as a flavoring and stability agent in beer, and also in other beverages and in herbal medicine. The first documented use in beer is from the eleventh century. Hops contain several characteristics favorable to beer, balancing the sweetness of the malt with bitterness, contributing flowery, citrus, fruity or herbal aromas, and having an antibiotic effect that favors the activity of brewer's yeast over less desirable microorganisms. The hop plant is a vigorous climbing herbaceous perennial, usually grown up strings in a field called a hopfield, hop garden or hop yard. Many different varieties of hops are grown by farmers all around the world, with different types being used for particular styles of beer.

Hops

The hop (Humulus) is a small genus of flowering plants, native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere.…

The Olive (Olea europaea) is a species of small tree in the family Oleaceae, native to the coastal areas of the eastern Mediterranean region, from Lebanon, Syria and the maritime parts of Asia Minor and northern Iran at the south end of the Caspian Sea. Its fruit, the olive, is of major agricultural importance in the Mediterranean region as the source of olive oil. The Olive tree is an evergreen tree or shrub native to the Mediterranean, Asia and parts of Africa. It is short and squat, and rarely exceeds 8–15 meters in height. The silvery green leaves are oblong in shape, measuring 4–10 cm long and 1–3 cm wide. The trunk is typically gnarled and twisted. The small white flowers, with four-cleft calyx and corolla, two stamens and bifid stigma, are borne generally on the last year's wood, in racemes springing from the axils of the leaves. The fruit is a small drupe 1–2.5 cm long, thinner-fleshed and smaller in wild plants than in orchard cultivars. Olives are harvested at the green stage or left to ripen to a rich purple colour (black olive). Canned black olives may contain chemicals that turn them black artificially.

Olive Branch

The Olive (Olea europaea) is a species of small tree in the family Oleaceae, native to the coastal areas…

The so-called Common Fig (F. carica) is a temperate species from the Middle East and eastern Europe (mostly Ukraine), which has been widely cultivated from ancient times for its fruit, also referred to as figs. The fruit of most other species are also edible though they are usually of only local economic importance or eaten as bushfood. However, they are extremely important food resources for wildlife.

Fig

The so-called Common Fig (F. carica) is a temperate species from the Middle East and eastern Europe…

An illustration of a dwarf palm.

Dwarf Palm

An illustration of a dwarf palm.

Eastern Black oak (Quercus velutina), or more commonly known as simply Black Oak is an oak in the red oak (Quercus sect. Lobatae) group of oaks. It is native to eastern North America from southern Ontario south to northern Florida and southern Maine west to northeastern Texas. It is a common tree in the Indiana Dunes and other sandy dunal ecosystems along the southern shores of Lake Michigan. It is most often found in dry well draining upland soils which can be clayey or sandy in nature in most of the rest of its range. In the northern part of its range, black oak is a relatively small tree, reaching a height of 20-25 m (65-80 ft) and a diameter of 90 cm (35 in), but it grows larger in the south and center of its range, where heights of up to 42 m (140 ft) are known. Black Oak is well known to readily hybridize with other members of the red oak (Quercus sect. Lobatae) group of oaks being one parent in at least a dozen different named hybrids. he inner bark of the black oak contains a yellow pigment called quercitron, which was sold commercially in Europe until the 1940s.

Eastern Black Oak Branch

Eastern Black oak (Quercus velutina), or more commonly known as simply Black Oak is an oak in the red…

Ornaments made of blue silk ribbon with a button in the center bearing the image of a palmetto tree. They were worn by ladies of Charleston immediately after the passage of the ordinance of succession.

Palmetto Cockade

Ornaments made of blue silk ribbon with a button in the center bearing the image of a palmetto tree.…

The Great Seal of the State of Florida. The image shows a Seminole Native American sprinkling flowers. There is also a palm tree, a steamboat, and sunshine.

Seal of Florida

The Great Seal of the State of Florida. The image shows a Seminole Native American sprinkling flowers.…

The Great Seal of the State of North Dakota. The seal depicts a tree, wheat, a plow, and a Native American on horseback hunting a buffalo. Above is the state motto, "Liberty and Union Now and Forever, One and Inseparable."

Seal of North Dakota

The Great Seal of the State of North Dakota. The seal depicts a tree, wheat, a plow, and a Native American…

The Great Seal of the State of South Carolina. The seal shows two ovals with palmetto tree branches. On the left is a palmetto tree with 'Animis Opibusoue Parati' meaning "Prepared in Mind and Resources." On the right there is Spes or Hope. Underneath her, is the motto 'Dum Spiro Spero' meaning "While I Breathe I Hope."

Seal of South Carolina

The Great Seal of the State of South Carolina. The seal shows two ovals with palmetto tree branches.…

The Great Seal of Vermont. The seal depicts a pine tree in the center with grain sheaves and a cow at its side. Below holds the state motto "Freedom and Unity."

Seal of Vermont

The Great Seal of Vermont. The seal depicts a pine tree in the center with grain sheaves and a cow at…

An illustration of a juniper branch, vertical section of fruit (1), and male catkin (2). Junipers are coniferous plants in the genus Juniperus of the cypress family Cupressaceae. Depending on taxonomic viewpoint, there are between 50-67 species of juniper, widely distributed throughout the northern hemisphere, from the Arctic, south to tropical Africa in the Old World, and to the mountains of Central America

Juniper

An illustration of a juniper branch, vertical section of fruit (1), and male catkin (2). Junipers are…

"Serrate leaf of American Linden (Tilia americana)." -Whitney, 1911

American Linden Leaf

"Serrate leaf of American Linden (Tilia americana)." -Whitney, 1911

Girls playing on a tree swing. One girl picks four-leaf clovers.

Girls on a Swing

Girls playing on a tree swing. One girl picks four-leaf clovers.

A branch of the Canadian Serviceberry (Amelanchier canadensis), a shrub or small tree, showing fruit.

Canadian Serviceberry

A branch of the Canadian Serviceberry (Amelanchier canadensis), a shrub or small tree, showing fruit.

A branch of the Canadian Serviceberry (Amelanchier canadensis), a shrub or small tree, showing flowers.

Canadian Serviceberry

A branch of the Canadian Serviceberry (Amelanchier canadensis), a shrub or small tree, showing flowers.

The leaf of the Grapefruit tree (Citrus decumana) in the Rutaceae family of rues or citrus.

Grapefruit Leaf

The leaf of the Grapefruit tree (Citrus decumana) in the Rutaceae family of rues or citrus.

The flowering branch of a camphor tree (Dryobalanops aromatica).

Camphor Tree

The flowering branch of a camphor tree (Dryobalanops aromatica).

Two girls on swings that are attached to trees. A paved path separates the two.

Two Girls Swinging

Two girls on swings that are attached to trees. A paved path separates the two.

The Goliath beetles are among the largest insects on Earth, if measured in terms of size, bulk and weight. They are members of subfamily Cetoniinae, within the scarab beetle family. Goliath beetles can be found in many of Africa's tropical forests, where they feed primarily on tree sap and fruit. Little appears to be known of the larval cycle in the wild, but in captivity, Goliathus beetles have been successfully reared from egg to adult using protein-rich foods such as commercial cat and dog food. Goliath beetles measure from 60–110 millimetres (2.4–4.3 in) for males and 50–80 millimetres (2.0–3.1 in) for females, as adults, and can reach weights of up to 80–100 grams (2.8–3.5 oz) in the larval stage, though the adults are only about half this weight. The females range from a dark brown to silky white, but the males are nomally brown/white/black or black/white.

Goliath Beetle

The Goliath beetles are among the largest insects on Earth, if measured in terms of size, bulk and weight.…

"Branch of Simarouba amara, with female flowers. a, a male flower; b, a female flower." -Whitney, 1911

Simarouba

"Branch of Simarouba amara, with female flowers. a, a male flower; b, a female flower." -Whitney, 1911

Two boys carving their initials into a tree.

Boys Carving a Tree

Two boys carving their initials into a tree.

Jain caves reveal specific dimensions of Jain philosophy and tradition. They reflect a strict sense of asceticism &ndash; they are not relatively large as compared to others, but they present exceptionally detailed art works. The most remarkable Jain shrines are the <em>Chhota Kailash</em> (cave 30), the <em>Indra Sabha</em> (cave 32) and the <em>Jagannath Sabha</em> (cave 33). The <em>Indra Sabha</em> is a two storeyed shrine with a very fine carving of the lotus flower on the ceiling. In another cave, an imposing image of Ambika, the Yakshi (dedicated attendant deity) of Neminatha is found seated on her lion under a mango tree, laden with fruits. All other Jain caves are also characterized by intricate detailing. Many of the structures had rich paintings in the ceilings - fragments of which are still visible.

Indian Pillar from the Rock Temple of Parasona Rama at Ellora

Jain caves reveal specific dimensions of Jain philosophy and tradition. They reflect a strict sense…

Jain caves reveal specific dimensions of Jain philosophy and tradition. They reflect a strict sense of asceticism &ndash; they are not relatively large as compared to others, but they present exceptionally detailed art works. The most remarkable Jain shrines are the <em>Chhota Kailash</em> (cave 30), the <em>Indra Sabha</em> (cave 32) and the <em>Jagannath Sabha</em> (cave 33). The <em>Indra Sabha</em> is a two storeyed shrine with a very fine carving of the lotus flower on the ceiling. In another cave, an imposing image of Ambika, the Yakshi (dedicated attendant deity) of Neminatha is found seated on her lion under a mango tree, laden with fruits. All other Jain caves are also characterized by intricate detailing. Many of the structures had rich paintings in the ceilings - fragments of which are still visible.

Interior of Indra Sabha at Ellora

Jain caves reveal specific dimensions of Jain philosophy and tradition. They reflect a strict sense…

Jain caves reveal specific dimensions of Jain philosophy and tradition. They reflect a strict sense of asceticism &ndash; they are not relatively large as compared to others, but they present exceptionally detailed art works. The most remarkable Jain shrines are the <em>Chhota Kailash</em> (cave 30), the <em>Indra Sabha</em> (cave 32) and the <em>Jagannath Sabha</em> (cave 33). The <em>Indra Sabha</em> is a two storeyed shrine with a very fine carving of the lotus flower on the ceiling. In another cave, an imposing image of Ambika, the Yakshi (dedicated attendant deity) of Neminatha is found seated on her lion under a mango tree, laden with fruits. All other Jain caves are also characterized by intricate detailing. Many of the structures had rich paintings in the ceilings - fragments of which are still visible.

Indian Pillar at Ellora

Jain caves reveal specific dimensions of Jain philosophy and tradition. They reflect a strict sense…

An illustration of two adult men chopping a tree with an ax.

Men Chopping Tree

An illustration of two adult men chopping a tree with an ax.

The capitals of the columns display an immense variety. The most beautiful have a crater-like form, and appear like the projecting bell of a flower, with leaves standing out from the surface (here). In other instances the pillars are imitations of a palm tree, and have a smooth slender shaft, a neck-moulding of several rings, and then, without any intermediate architectural division, a capital formed of the graceful leaves of the palm.

Capital in the Temple at Edfu

The capitals of the columns display an immense variety. The most beautiful have a crater-like form,…

The capitals of the columns display an immense variety. The most beautiful have a crater-like form, and appear like the projecting bell of a flower, with leaves standing out from the surface. In other instances the pillars are imitations of a palm tree, and have a smooth slender shaft, a neck-moulding of several rings, and then, without any intermediate architectural division, a capital formed of the graceful leaves of the palm (here).

Capital in the Temple at Edfu

The capitals of the columns display an immense variety. The most beautiful have a crater-like form,…

Over the Winged Bulls were painted other acts of the king surrounded by his eunuchs and warriors, and these representations were in their turn surrounded by an ornamental border, in which winged-bulls and monstrous beasts, as well as the sacred tree, principally figured.

Sculptured Ornamental Border from the Ruins of Nineveh

Over the Winged Bulls were painted other acts of the king surrounded by his eunuchs and warriors, and…

It is a slow-growing long-lived tree, hard to transplant because of its long taproot, and subject to insect damage.

Shell-Bark Hickory

It is a slow-growing long-lived tree, hard to transplant because of its long taproot, and subject to…

The Areca Palm Frond comes from an Asian tree.

Areca Palm Frond

The Areca Palm Frond comes from an Asian tree.