The Great Seal of the State of Nevada. The seal shows wheat, a sickle, and a plow representing agriculture. It also shows sunshine, mountains and the state motto, "All for Our Country."

Seal of Nevada

The Great Seal of the State of Nevada. The seal shows wheat, a sickle, and a plow representing agriculture.…

The Great Seal of the State of New Hampshire, 1784. The seal depicts a ship on stocks with a sunrise in the background.

Seal of New Hampshire

The Great Seal of the State of New Hampshire, 1784. The seal depicts a ship on stocks with a sunrise…

The Great Seal of the State of New Jersey. The seal features Liberty and Ceres holding a shield with three plows representing agriculture. The state motto in the ribbon below reads, "Liberty and Prosperity."

Seal of New Jersey

The Great Seal of the State of New Jersey. The seal features Liberty and Ceres holding a shield with…

Libby Prison was a Confederate Prison at Richmond, Virginia, during the American Civil War.

Libby Prison, Richmond

Libby Prison was a Confederate Prison at Richmond, Virginia, during the American Civil War.

The devastation in Richmond Virginia following the campaign against Richmond.

Devastation in Richmond

The devastation in Richmond Virginia following the campaign against Richmond.

The Great Seal of the State of New Mexico, 1850. The seal pictures the American Bald Eagle and the Mexican Eagle holding a cactus in its talons and a snake in its mouth. Below them is a banner with the state motto, 'Crescit Eundo' meaning "It grows as it goes."

Seal of New Mexico

The Great Seal of the State of New Mexico, 1850. The seal pictures the American Bald Eagle and the Mexican…

The Great Seal of the State of New York. The seal shows Justice holding the scales and Liberty stepping on the British Crown. Between them, is a shield with the sun and boats on the Hudson River. Beneath is the state motto 'Excelsior' meaning "Ever upwards."

Seal of New York

The Great Seal of the State of New York. The seal shows Justice holding the scales and Liberty stepping…

The Battle of Rich Mountain took place on July 11, 1861, in Randolph County, Virginia as part of the Operations in Western Virginia Campaign during the American Civil War.

Battle of Rich Mountain

The Battle of Rich Mountain took place on July 11, 1861, in Randolph County, Virginia as part of the…

The Great Seal of the State of North Carolina, 1773. The seal shows Liberty standing and Plenty holding a cornucopia. Below is the state motto, 'Esse Quam Videri' meaning "To Be Rather Than To Seem."

Seal of North Carolina

The Great Seal of the State of North Carolina, 1773. The seal shows Liberty standing and Plenty holding…

The Great Seal of the State of North Dakota. The seal depicts a tree, wheat, a plow, and a Native American on horseback hunting a buffalo. Above is the state motto, "Liberty and Union Now and Forever, One and Inseparable."

Seal of North Dakota

The Great Seal of the State of North Dakota. The seal depicts a tree, wheat, a plow, and a Native American…

The Great Seal of the State of Ohio. The seal features a sunrise behind a wheat field and mountains. The wheat bundle symbolizes agriculture and the seventeen arrows represents Ohio's admittance as the seventeenth state.

Seal of Ohio

The Great Seal of the State of Ohio. The seal features a sunrise behind a wheat field and mountains.…

The Great Seal of the State of Oklahoma, 1907. The seal has a star with five rays hold seals of Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole.

Seal of Oklahoma

The Great Seal of the State of Oklahoma, 1907. The seal has a star with five rays hold seals of Cherokee,…

The Great Seal of the State of Oregon. The seal shows mountains, an elk, a wagon, and the Pacific Ocean.

Seal of Oregon

The Great Seal of the State of Oregon. The seal shows mountains, an elk, a wagon, and the Pacific Ocean.

The Seal of the State of Pennsylvania. The seal shows a shield which has a ship, a plow, and sheaves of wheat. This represents commerce, labor, and agriculture.

Seal of Pennsylvania

The Seal of the State of Pennsylvania. The seal shows a shield which has a ship, a plow, and sheaves…

The Seal of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, 1636. The seal shows a maritime anchor and the word "Hope."

Seal of Rhode Island

The Seal of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, 1636. The seal shows a maritime anchor…

The Great Seal of the State of South Carolina. The seal shows two ovals with palmetto tree branches. On the left is a palmetto tree with 'Animis Opibusoue Parati' meaning "Prepared in Mind and Resources." On the right there is Spes or Hope. Underneath her, is the motto 'Dum Spiro Spero' meaning "While I Breathe I Hope."

Seal of South Carolina

The Great Seal of the State of South Carolina. The seal shows two ovals with palmetto tree branches.…

The Great Seal of the State of South Dakota, 1889. The seal shows hills, a river and a boat, a farmer, a mine, and cattle. The state motto is above and reads "Under God the People Rule."

Seal of South Dakota

The Great Seal of the State of South Dakota, 1889. The seal shows hills, a river and a boat, a farmer,…

The Great Seal of the State of Tennessee. The seal shows images such as wheat and a plow to represent agriculture and a boat to symbolize commerce.

Seal of Tennessee

The Great Seal of the State of Tennessee. The seal shows images such as wheat and a plow to represent…

The Seal of Texas. The seal has simply a star which is a common symbol of Texas, an olive branch, and a live oak branch.

Seal of Texas

The Seal of Texas. The seal has simply a star which is a common symbol of Texas, an olive branch, and…

The Great Seal of the State of Utah, 1896. The seal shows a bald eagle holding a shield. The shield has a beehive with the motto "Industry."

Seal of Utah

The Great Seal of the State of Utah, 1896. The seal shows a bald eagle holding a shield. The shield…

The Great Seal of Vermont. The seal depicts a pine tree in the center with grain sheaves and a cow at its side. Below holds the state motto "Freedom and Unity."

Seal of Vermont

The Great Seal of Vermont. The seal depicts a pine tree in the center with grain sheaves and a cow at…

The Seal of Virginia. The seal shows a Virtus standing over the defeated Tyranny with his fallen crown. Underneath them reads, 'Sic Semper Tyrannis' whiich means "Thus Always to Tyrants."

Seal of Virginia

The Seal of Virginia. The seal shows a Virtus standing over the defeated Tyranny with his fallen crown.…

The Seal of the State of Washington, 1889. The seal contains a portrait of George Washington and the 1889, when Washington state was admitted to the Union.

Seal of Washington

The Seal of the State of Washington, 1889. The seal contains a portrait of George Washington and the…

The Seal of the State of West Virginia. This seal depicts two men representing agriculture and industry standing on the sides of a boulder inscribed with the date West Virginia became a state, June 20, 1863. The state motto is below reading 'Montani Semper Liberi' meaning "Mountaineers Always Free."

Seal of West Virginia

The Seal of the State of West Virginia. This seal depicts two men representing agriculture and industry…

The Great Seal of the State of Wisconsin. The seal shows a sailor and a yeoman holding the state's coat of arms. It also shows the state animal, the badger and the state motto "Forward."

Seal of Wisconsin

The Great Seal of the State of Wisconsin. The seal shows a sailor and a yeoman holding the state's coat…

The Great Seal of the State of Wyoming. The seal shows two men symbolizing livestock and mining next to a draped statue with the banner "Equal Rights." The ribbon around the columns reads "Oil, Mines, Livestock, Grain."

Seal of Wyoming

The Great Seal of the State of Wyoming. The seal shows two men symbolizing livestock and mining next…

Roanoke Island was the site of the 16th century Roanoke Colony, the first English colony in the New World in what was then called Virginia, in honor of England's ruling monarch, Queen Elizabeth I.

Roanoke Island

Roanoke Island was the site of the 16th century Roanoke Colony, the first English colony in the New…

Beverly Robinson was a military officer born in Virginia in 1764 who fought in the American Revolution.

Beverly Robinson

Beverly Robinson was a military officer born in Virginia in 1764 who fought in the American Revolution.

The Great Sphinx is a statue with the face of a man and the body of a lion. Blocks of stone weighing upwards of 200 tons were quarried in the construction phase to build the adjoining Sphinx Temple. It is located on the west bank of the Nile River within the confines of the Giza pyramid field. The Great Sphinx faces due east, with a small temple between its paws.

Ruins of the Sphinx Temple

The Great Sphinx is a statue with the face of a man and the body of a lion. Blocks of stone weighing…

The Great Sphinx is a statue with the face of a man and the body of a lion. Blocks of stone weighing upwards of 200 tons were quarried in the construction phase to build the adjoining Sphinx Temple. It is located on the west bank of the Nile River within the confines of the Giza pyramid field. The Great Sphinx faces due east, with a small temple between its paws.

Plan of the Sphinx Temple

The Great Sphinx is a statue with the face of a man and the body of a lion. Blocks of stone weighing…

The Temple of Edfu is an ancient Egyptian temple located on the west bank of the Nile in the city of Edfu which was known in Greco-Roman times as Apollonopolis Magna, after the chief god Horus-Apollo. It is the second largest temple in Egypt after Karnak and one of the best preserved. The temple, dedicated to the falcon god Horus, was built in the Ptolemaic period between 237 and 57 BCE.

Temple of Edfu Plan

The Temple of Edfu is an ancient Egyptian temple located on the west bank of the Nile in the city of…

The Temple of Edfu is an ancient Egyptian temple located on the west bank of the Nile in the city of Edfu which was known in Greco-Roman times as Apollonopolis Magna, after the chief god Horus-Apollo. It is the second largest temple in Egypt after Karnak and one of the best preserved. The temple, dedicated to the falcon god Horus, was built in the Ptolemaic period between 237 and 57 BCE.

Temple of Edfu Section

The Temple of Edfu is an ancient Egyptian temple located on the west bank of the Nile in the city of…

The Great Seal of the United States is used to authenticate certain documents issued by the United States federal government.

First Great Seal of the United States (Front)

The Great Seal of the United States is used to authenticate certain documents issued by the United States…

The Great Seal of the United States is used to authenticate certain documents issued by the United States federal government.

First Great Seal of the United States (Back)

The Great Seal of the United States is used to authenticate certain documents issued by the United States…

The Great Seal of the United States is used to authenticate certain documents issued by the United States federal government.

Great Seal of the United States

The Great Seal of the United States is used to authenticate certain documents issued by the United States…

Captain Sir John Smith (c. January 1580–June 21, 1631) Admiral of New England was an English soldier, sailor, and author. He is remembered for his role in establishing the first permanent English settlement in North America at Jamestown, Virginia.

Smith's Escape from Slavery

Captain Sir John Smith (c. January 1580–June 21, 1631) Admiral of New England was an English soldier,…

The meeting between Capt. John Smith, founder of the Virginia colony, and Powhatan, the chief of the Powhatan Native American tribe.

Smith's Meeting with Powhatan

The meeting between Capt. John Smith, founder of the Virginia colony, and Powhatan, the chief of the…

The meeting between Capt. John Smith, founder of the Virginia colony, and Powhatan, the chief of the Powhatan Native American tribe.

Smith Subduing Powhatan

The meeting between Capt. John Smith, founder of the Virginia colony, and Powhatan, the chief of the…

The <em>Star of the West</em> was a civilian ship hired by the United States government to transport military supplies and reinforcements to the garrison of Fort Sumter before the American Civil War.

The Star of the West

The Star of the West was a civilian ship hired by the United States government to transport…

The facade of a large church or cathedral, often referred to as the West Front, is generally designed to create a powerful impression on the approaching worshipper, demonstrating both the might of God, and the might of the institution that it represents. Central to the facade is the main portal, often flanked by additional doors. There may be much other carving, often of figures in niches set into the mouldings around the portals, or in sculptural screens extending across the facade. Both internally and externally, the stonework is often richly decorated with carvings, particularly the capitals.

Early Gothic Carving

The facade of a large church or cathedral, often referred to as the West Front, is generally designed…

In polar dials, the shadow-receiving plane is aligned parallel to the gnomon-style. Thus, the shadow slides sideways over the surface, moving perpendicularly to itself as the sun rotates about the style. As with the gnomon, the hour-lines are all aligned with the Earth's rotational axis. When the sun's rays are nearly parallel to the plane, the shadow moves very quickly and the hour lines are spaced far apart. The direct East- and West-facing dials are examples of a polar dial. However, the face of a polar dial need not be vertical; it need only be parallel to the gnomon.

Polar Dials

In polar dials, the shadow-receiving plane is aligned parallel to the gnomon-style. Thus, the shadow…

The Temple of Edfu is an ancient Egyptian temple located on the west bank of the Nile in the city of Edfu which was known in Greco-Roman times as Apollonopolis Magna, after the chief god Horus-Apollo. It is the second largest temple in Egypt after Karnak and one of the best preserved. The temple, dedicated to the falcon god Horus, was built in the Ptolemaic period between 237 and 57 <small>BCE</small>. A, pylon; B, obelisks; C, entrance; D, temple courts; E, porticus; F, pronaos (court with colonnades); G, naos; H, sanctarium.

Temple of Edfu, Floor Plan

The Temple of Edfu is an ancient Egyptian temple located on the west bank of the Nile in the city of…

An illustration of a crwth on a 14th century seal. The crwth (in English crowd) is an archaic stringed musical instrument, associated particularly with Welsh music, although once played widely in Europe

Crwth on a Seal

An illustration of a crwth on a 14th century seal. The crwth (in English crowd) is an archaic stringed…

The European Squid (Loligo vulgaris) is a large squid belonging to the family Loliginidae. It occurs abundantly in coastal waters from the North Sea to at least the west coast of Africa. This species lives from sea level to depths of 500 m. The mantle is up to 40 cm long. It is the only species in the subgenus Loligo. There are two subspecies of this squid: the nominate L. v. vulgaris, and the Cape Hope Squid, L. v. reynaudi.

European Squid

The European Squid (Loligo vulgaris) is a large squid belonging to the family Loliginidae. It occurs…

One peculiarity is visible in all Assyrian buildings, namely, that all the chambers are very narrow in proportion to their length. It may, however, be accepted as established that the chambers were in general lighted by windows, which were inserted in the walls either high up or immediately under the roof, and that only large halls received their light from above through openings in the roof.

Floor Plan of the Palace at Nimrud

One peculiarity is visible in all Assyrian buildings, namely, that all the chambers are very narrow…

The riddle in this "Riddle-seal of Oxford" is an 'ox' crossing a 'ford.' "A seal which contains a rebus, riddle, or other descriptive device." -Whitney, 1911

Riddle Seal

The riddle in this "Riddle-seal of Oxford" is an 'ox' crossing a 'ford.' "A seal which contains a rebus,…

"Ancient Cretan sealing. An impression in clay used to seal vases and other receptacles, examples of which are frequently found in archaeological excavations." -Whitney, 1911

Vase Sealing

"Ancient Cretan sealing. An impression in clay used to seal vases and other receptacles, examples of…

"inverted Vertical Pendulum Seismograph. Marvin System. A stiff vertical tube, pivoted at its bottom end, carries a very heavy mass near its upper end, and is rendered stable or astatic by the elastic reaction of a central steel rod which has its bottom end firmly fixed inside the heavy mass and its top end attached to the framework on the pier. The horizontal motion of the ground and pier relative to the steady mass is magnified 120 times and inscribed on smoked-paper record-sheets by two sets of multiplying levers. One records the north-south, the other the east-west component of motion." -Whitney, 1911

Pendulum Seismograph

"inverted Vertical Pendulum Seismograph. Marvin System. A stiff vertical tube, pivoted at its bottom…

The motto label is a found on the seal of the town of Schiltach, Germany. It has a Gothic inscription on the scroll "S. opidi schilttach".

Motto Label

The motto label is a found on the seal of the town of Schiltach, Germany. It has a Gothic inscription…

The dorian (Durio zibethinus) is the fruit of the dorian tree in the Bombacaceae family. The fruit is cultivated in many places including the West Indies, Florida, and Cambodia.

Dorian

The dorian (Durio zibethinus) is the fruit of the dorian tree in the Bombacaceae family. The fruit is…

The Temple of Hephaestus and Athena Ergane, also known as the Hephaisteion or Theseion, is the best preserved ancient Greek temple. It is a Doric order peripteral temple, located at the north-west side of the Agora of Athens, on top of the Agoraios Kolonos hill. From the 7th century until 1834, it served as the Greek Orthodox church of St. George Akamates.

Temple of Theseus

The Temple of Hephaestus and Athena Ergane, also known as the Hephaisteion or Theseion, is the best…

Kalmia latifolia, commonly called Mountain-laurel or Spoonwood, is a flowering plant in the family Ericaceae, native to the eastern United States, from southern Maine south to northern Florida, and west to Indiana and Louisiana.

Mountain-laurel

Kalmia latifolia, commonly called Mountain-laurel or Spoonwood, is a flowering plant in the family Ericaceae,…

An illustration of the Poet's Corner in Westminster Abbey. The Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, which is almost always referred to by its original name of Westminster Abbey, is a large, mainly Gothic church, in Westminster, London, just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is the traditional place of coronation and burial site for English, later British and later still (and currently) Monarchs of the Commonwealth Realms. Aristocrats were buried inside chapels and monks and people associated with the Abbey were buried in the Cloisters and other areas. One of these was Geoffrey Chaucer, who was buried here as he had apartments in the Abbey where he was employed as master of the Kings Works. Other poets were buried or memorialized around Chaucer in what became known as Poets' Corner

Westminster Abbey

An illustration of the Poet's Corner in Westminster Abbey. The Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster,…

The Bearded Seal (Erignathus barbatus) is a seal in the Phocidae family of true or earless seals.

Bearded Seal

The Bearded Seal (Erignathus barbatus) is a seal in the Phocidae family of true or earless seals.

The West European Hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) is a small mammal in the Erinaceidae family of hedgehogs.

West European Hedgehog

The West European Hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) is a small mammal in the Erinaceidae family of hedgehogs.

East-west section across South Dakota to show the Dakota artesian system. The Dakota sandstone is composed for the most part of well-rounded and well-assorted quartz grains, representing an ancient river and wind-formed sand deposit.

Dakota Artesian System

East-west section across South Dakota to show the Dakota artesian system. The Dakota sandstone is composed…

"Fan-crest, about 1350. A form of crest common in the middle ages at different periods, as in the reign of Richard I. of England, whose second great seal shows this crest, and again at the end of the thirteenth century, when it assumed the shape of a fan or screen with radiating ribs, attached to the helm at a single point." -Whitney, 1911

Medieval Helmet with Fan Crest

"Fan-crest, about 1350. A form of crest common in the middle ages at different periods, as in the reign…

Fort Garry, also known as Upper Fort Garry, was a Hudson's Bay Company trading post at the confluence of the Red and Assiniboine rivers in what is now downtown Winnipeg. It was established in 1822 on or near the site of the North West Company's Fort Gibraltar. Fort Garry was named after Nicholas Garry, deputy governor of the Hudson's Bay Company. It served as the centre of fur trade within the Red River Settlement. Unfortunately in 1826, a severe flood destroyed the fort. It was rebuilt in 1835 by the HBC and named Upper Fort Garry to differentiate it from "the Lower Fort," or Lower Fort Garry, 32 km downriver, which was established in 1831. Throughout the mid to late 1800s, Upper Fort Garry played a minor role in the actual trading of furs, but was central to the administration of the HBC and the surrounding settlement. The Council of Assiniboia, the administrative and judicial body of the Red River Settlement mainly run by HBC officials, met at Upper Fort Garry.

Interior of Fort Garry

Fort Garry, also known as Upper Fort Garry, was a Hudson's Bay Company trading post at the confluence…

The Southern Literary Messenger was a periodical published in Richmond, Virginia, from 1834 until June 1864. Each issue carried a subtitle of "Devoted to Every Department of Literature and the Fine Arts" or some variation and included poetry, fiction, non-fiction, reviews, and historical notes. It was founded by Thomas Willis White who served as publisher and occasional editor until his death in 1843. White hired Edgar Allan Poe in 1835 as a staff writer and critic. Others involved with the periodical included Matthew Fontaine Maury and Maury's kinsman Benjamin Blake Minor. It ended in June 1864 in part due to Richmond's involvement in the American Civil War.

Southern Literary Messenger Building

The Southern Literary Messenger was a periodical published in Richmond, Virginia, from 1834 until June…

East-west section across the state of New York, showing the various types of overlap characteristic of the formations. The depression in Utica is due to erosion.

Various Types of Overlap Across New York State

East-west section across the state of New York, showing the various types of overlap characteristic…