ClipArt ETC
Half Dollar (50 cents) United States coin from 1892. Obverse has the head of Columbus right-facing with the inscription - UNITED STATES OF AMERICA COLUMBIAN HALF DOLLAR. Reverse shows a sailing caravel left-facing over the two hemispheres which separate 14 92 surrounded by the inscription WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION CHICAGO 1892.

Silver Columbian Half Dollar, 1892

Half Dollar (50 cents) United States coin from 1892. Obverse has the head of Columbus right-facing with…

Trade Dollar ($1.00) United States coin from 1873. Obverse has a seated, left-facing Liberty holding a label in her left hand which reads LIBERTY. At the base of her seat is inscribed IN GOD WE TRUST just above the date. She is surrounded by 13 stars - 6 facing. Reverse shows an eagle with a right-facing head with a label on which the motto is inscribed. Inscription - TRADE DOLLAR.

Silver Trade Dollar Coin, 1873

Trade Dollar ($1.00) United States coin from 1873. Obverse has a seated, left-facing Liberty holding…

Dollar ($1.00) Obverse sun over dial surrounded by the inscription - CONTINENTAL CURRENCY 1776. Reverse shows WE ARE ONE inscribed in the center surrounded by a circle around which is inscribed AMERICA CONGRESS all of which is surrounded by a series of 13 links on which are inscribed the names of the 13 states.

Pewter Dollar Coin, 1776

Dollar ($1.00) Obverse sun over dial surrounded by the inscription - CONTINENTAL CURRENCY 1776. Reverse…

Fugio (1 cent) United States coin from 1787. Obverse has the image of a sundial with the inscription - FUGIO 1787 and MIND YOUR BUSINESS. Reverse shows a chain with thirteen links. In the center of the chain is inscribed WE ARE ONE surrounded by UNITED STATES.

Copper Fugio Coin, 1787

Fugio (1 cent) United States coin from 1787. Obverse has the image of a sundial with the inscription…

New Jersey Quarter Pence (quarter pence) New Jersey Colony coin from 1681. One side has an image of St. Patrick with staff under the inscription - QUIESCAT PLEBS. The other side shows the royal harpist and the inscription - FLOREAT REX

Copper Quarter Pence Coin, 1681

New Jersey Quarter Pence (quarter pence) New Jersey Colony coin from 1681. One side has an image of…

Washington Cent (1 cent) US coin from 1783. Obverse has an image of a left-facing George Washington surrounded by the inscription - WASHING & INDEPENDENCE 1783. Reverse shows ONE CENT in the center of a wreath surrounded by the inscription UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 1/100.

Copper Cent Coin, 1783

Washington Cent (1 cent) US coin from 1783. Obverse has an image of a left-facing George Washington…

War token with head with winged cap obverse and eagle with shield reverse. These little mementoes of the War of the Rebellion represent the small currency chiefly in use during that period. They were all privately issued, and the Government did not interfere. Merchants displayed their cards on them (often with appropriate characteristic devices), and freely used them in their business. Others partook of the general type, were supplied in suitable quantities to the purchaser, and were "current everywhere." They continued in circulation until about 1867 when their use was prohibited by law.

War Token, 1863

War token with head with winged cap obverse and eagle with shield reverse. These little mementoes of…

War token with femal head and "FOR PUBLIC ACCOMODATION" obverse and eagle reverse. These little mementoes of the War of the Rebellion represent the small currency chiefly in use during that period. They were all privately issued, and the Government did not interfere. Merchants displayed their cards on them (often with appropriate characteristic devices), and freely used them in their business. Others partook of the general type, were supplied in suitable quantities to the purchaser, and were "current everywhere." They continued in circulation until about 1867 when their use was prohibited by law.

War Token, 1863

War token with femal head and "FOR PUBLIC ACCOMODATION" obverse and eagle reverse. These little mementoes…

War token with male head with Phrygian (liberty) cap obverse and "OUR LITTLE MONITOR" reverse. These little mementoes of the War of the Rebellion represent the small currency chiefly in use during that period. They were all privately issued, and the Government did not interfere. Merchants displayed their cards on them (often with appropriate characteristic devices), and freely used them in their business. Others partook of the general type, were supplied in suitable quantities to the purchaser, and were "current everywhere." They continued in circulation until about 1867 when their use was prohibited by law.

War Token, 1863

War token with male head with Phrygian (liberty) cap obverse and "OUR LITTLE MONITOR" reverse. These…

War token with profile of Washington looking right obverse and cannon and "PEACE MAKER" reverse. These little mementoes of the War of the Rebellion represent the small currency chiefly in use during that period. They were all privately issued, and the Government did not interfere. Merchants displayed their cards on them (often with appropriate characteristic devices), and freely used them in their business. Others partook of the general type, were supplied in suitable quantities to the purchaser, and were "current everywhere." They continued in circulation until about 1867 when their use was prohibited by law.

War Token, 1863

War token with profile of Washington looking right obverse and cannon and "PEACE MAKER" reverse. These…

War token with walking figure and "KNICKERBOCKER CURRENCY" obverse and shield and "UNION" reverse. These little mementoes of the War of the Rebellion represent the small currency chiefly in use during that period. They were all privately issued, and the Government did not interfere. Merchants displayed their cards on them (often with appropriate characteristic devices), and freely used them in their business. Others partook of the general type, were supplied in suitable quantities to the purchaser, and were "current everywhere." They continued in circulation until about 1867 when their use was prohibited by law.

War Token, Civil War Period

War token with walking figure and "KNICKERBOCKER CURRENCY" obverse and shield and "UNION" reverse. These…

War token buiders square and compass obverse and shield and "UNITED STATES MEDAL" reverse. These little mementoes of the War of the Rebellion represent the small currency chiefly in use during that period. They were all privately issued, and the Government did not interfere. Merchants displayed their cards on them (often with appropriate characteristic devices), and freely used them in their business. Others partook of the general type, were supplied in suitable quantities to the purchaser, and were "current everywhere." They continued in circulation until about 1867 when their use was prohibited by law.

War Token, 1863

War token buiders square and compass obverse and shield and "UNITED STATES MEDAL" reverse. These little…

War token with union shield and "ONE COUNTRY" obverse and snake and "BEWARE" reverse. These little mementoes of the War of the Rebellion represent the small currency chiefly in use during that period. They were all privately issued, and the Government did not interfere. Merchants displayed their cards on them (often with appropriate characteristic devices), and freely used them in their business. Others partook of the general type, were supplied in suitable quantities to the purchaser, and were "current everywhere." They continued in circulation until about 1867 when their use was prohibited by law.

War Token, 1865

War token with union shield and "ONE COUNTRY" obverse and snake and "BEWARE" reverse. These little mementoes…

War token with Washington facing right obverse and "THE FLAG OF OUR UNION" reverse. These little mementoes of the War of the Rebellion represent the small currency chiefly in use during that period. They were all privately issued, and the Government did not interfere. Merchants displayed their cards on them (often with appropriate characteristic devices), and freely used them in their business. Others partook of the general type, were supplied in suitable quantities to the purchaser, and were "current everywhere." They continued in circulation until about 1867 when their use was prohibited by law.

War Token, 1863

War token with Washington facing right obverse and "THE FLAG OF OUR UNION" reverse. These little mementoes…

War token with Sigel on hourseback and "HERO OF PEO RIDGE" obverse and shield and "OUR COUNTRY" reverse. These little mementoes of the War of the Rebellion represent the small currency chiefly in use during that period. They were all privately issued, and the Government did not interfere. Merchants displayed their cards on them (often with appropriate characteristic devices), and freely used them in their business. Others partook of the general type, were supplied in suitable quantities to the purchaser, and were "current everywhere." They continued in circulation until about 1867 when their use was prohibited by law.

War Token, Civil War Period

War token with Sigel on hourseback and "HERO OF PEO RIDGE" obverse and shield and "OUR COUNTRY" reverse.…

War token with crossed flags obverse and crossed cannon reverse. These little mementoes of the War of the Rebellion represent the small currency chiefly in use during that period. They were all privately issued, and the Government did not interfere. Merchants displayed their cards on them (often with appropriate characteristic devices), and freely used them in their business. Others partook of the general type, were supplied in suitable quantities to the purchaser, and were "current everywhere." They continued in circulation until about 1867 when their use was prohibited by law.

War Token, 1863

War token with crossed flags obverse and crossed cannon reverse. These little mementoes of the War of…

Half Cent (1/2 cent) United States coin from 1793. Obverse has a left-facing profile of Liberty with a cap on a pole and the inscription - LIBERTY 1793. Reverse shows the value in a laurel wreath, formed with leaves and sprays of berries, two branches crossed, stems tied with ribbon and inscribed - UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 1/200

Copper Half Cent Coin, 1793

Half Cent (1/2 cent) United States coin from 1793. Obverse has a left-facing profile of Liberty with…

Half Cent (1/2 cent) United States coin from 1794. Obverse has a right-facing profile of Liberty with a cap on a pole and the inscription - LIBERTY 1794. Reverse shows the value in a laurel wreath two branches crossed, stems tied with ribbon and inscribed - UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 1/200

Copper Half Cent Coin, 1794

Half Cent (1/2 cent) United States coin from 1794. Obverse has a right-facing profile of Liberty with…

Half Cent (1/2 cent) United States coin from 1800. Obverse has a right-facing profile of Liberty with the inscription - LIBERTY 1800. Reverse shows the value in a laurel wreath two branches crossed, stems tied with ribbon and inscribed - UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 1/200

Copper Half Cent Coin, 1800

Half Cent (1/2 cent) United States coin from 1800. Obverse has a right-facing profile of Liberty with…

Half Cent (1/2 cent) United States coin from 1809. Obverse has a left-facing profile of Liberty surrounded by 13 stars - 7-facing and is inscribed with the date - 1809. Reverse shows the value in a single olive branch bent into a circle and inscribed - UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Copper Half Cent Coin, 1809

Half Cent (1/2 cent) United States coin from 1809. Obverse has a left-facing profile of Liberty surrounded…

Cent (1 cent) United States coin from 1793. Obverse has a right-facing Liberty with LIBERTY above and olive sprig and the date inscribed below. Reverse shows the value in a wreath of two olive branches with stems crossed, tied with a single bow; contains leaves, sprays of berries and trefoils. The inscription surrounds the branches and reads - UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 1/100

Copper Cent Coin, 1793

Cent (1 cent) United States coin from 1793. Obverse has a right-facing Liberty with LIBERTY above and…

Cent (1 cent) United States coin from 1856. Obverse has a left-flying eagle and is inscribed - UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 1856. Reverse shows the value surrounded by a cotton, tobacco and grain wreath.

Copper-Nickel Cent Coin, 1856

Cent (1 cent) United States coin from 1856. Obverse has a left-flying eagle and is inscribed - UNITED…

Cent (1 cent) United States coin from 1859. Obverse has a left-facing Indian head and is inscribed - UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 1859. Reverse shows the value inscribed inside a wreath of olive branches.

Copper-Nickel Cent Coin, 1859

Cent (1 cent) United States coin from 1859. Obverse has a left-facing Indian head and is inscribed -…

Two Cent (2 cent) United States coin from 1864. Obverse has a shield on crossed arrows, surmounted by a scroll and wreath. The scroll reads - IN GOD WE TRUST, and the date is inscribed below the shield. Reverse shows the value in a wreath of wheat and is surrounded by the inscription - UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.

Brass Two Cent Coin, 1864

Two Cent (2 cent) United States coin from 1864. Obverse has a shield on crossed arrows, surmounted by…

Three Cent (3 cent) United States coin from 1865. Obverse has a left-facing profile of Liberty and is inscribed - UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 1865. Reverse shows - III- surrounded in an olive branch wreath.

Copper-Nickel Three Cent Coin, 1865

Three Cent (3 cent) United States coin from 1865. Obverse has a left-facing profile of Liberty and is…

Five Cent (5 cent) United States coin from 1883. Obverse has a left-facing profile of Liberty wearing a coronet surrounded by 13 equally-spaced stars with 1883 inscribed beneath the profile. Reverse shows V in the center of a wreath of cotton and corn surrounded by the inscription - UNITED STATES OF AMERICA CENTS.

Copper-Nickel Five Cent Coin, 1883

Five Cent (5 cent) United States coin from 1883. Obverse has a left-facing profile of Liberty wearing…

Five Shillings Bill (5 shillings) Connecticut currency from 1776. Image of three fruit trees with the banner below the trees inscribed QUI TRA SUS and the inscription surrounding the whole - CONNECTICENSIS SIGILLUS COLONIE

Paper Money, Five Shillings, 1776

Five Shillings Bill (5 shillings) Connecticut currency from 1776. Image of three fruit trees with the…

Twenty Shillings Bill (20 shillings) Delaware currency from 1746. Type with engraved border and royal arms printed by Benjamin Franklin.

Paper Money, Twenty Shillings Bill, 1746

Twenty Shillings Bill (20 shillings) Delaware currency from 1746. Type with engraved border and royal…

Six Shillings Bill (6 shillings) Delaware currency from 1777. Image of a left facing sailing ship with a soldier on the left and a farmer on the right.

Paper Money, Six Shillings Bill, 1777

Six Shillings Bill (6 shillings) Delaware currency from 1777. Image of a left facing sailing ship with…

Ten Dollar Bill ($10) Georgia currency from 1776. Image of a palm tree and a stone. Type set with three varieties of borders to each, printed in black and red and copperplate vignettes in various colors.

Paper Money, Ten Dollars Bill, 1776

Ten Dollar Bill ($10) Georgia currency from 1776. Image of a palm tree and a stone. Type set with three…

Two Thirds of a Dollar (2/3 dollar) Maryland currency from 1774. Image on the right shows a shield with a farmer on the left and a fisherman on the right.

Paper Money, Two Thirds of a Dollar Bill, 1774

Two Thirds of a Dollar (2/3 dollar) Maryland currency from 1774. Image on the right shows a shield with…

One Ninth of a Dollar (1/9 dollar) Maryland currency from 1775. No image on bill.

Paper Money, One Ninth of a Dollar Bill, 1775

One Ninth of a Dollar (1/9 dollar) Maryland currency from 1775. No image on bill.

Thirty-Six Shillings (36 shillings) Massachusetts currency from 1775. Image in lower left of an anchored left-facing sailing ship.

Paper Money, Thirty-Six Shillings Bill, 1775

Thirty-Six Shillings (36 shillings) Massachusetts currency from 1775. Image in lower left of an anchored…

Three Dollar ($3) Massachusetts currency from 1780. No image on obverse. Reverse shows the inscription - GUARANTEED BY THE UNITED STATES.

Paper Money, Three Dollar Bill, 1780

Three Dollar ($3) Massachusetts currency from 1780. No image on obverse. Reverse shows the inscription…

Six Pence (6 pence) New Hampshire currency from 1742. Image is the Coat of Arms of Great Britain; large bill.

Paper Money, Six Pence Bill, 1742

Six Pence (6 pence) New Hampshire currency from 1742. Image is the Coat of Arms of Great Britain; large…

One Shilling (1 shilling) New Jersey currency from 1776. Image is the Coat of Arms of Great Britain.

Paper Money, One Shilling Bill, 1776

One Shilling (1 shilling) New Jersey currency from 1776. Image is the Coat of Arms of Great Britain.

One Shilling and Six Pence (1 shilling 6 pence) (18 pence) New Jersey currency from 1781. Image is the Coat of Arms of New Jersey.

Paper Money, One Shilling and Six Pence Bill, 1781

One Shilling and Six Pence (1 shilling 6 pence) (18 pence) New Jersey currency from 1781. Image is the…

Five Pounds (5 pounds) New York currency from 1759. Image is the New York City Coat of Arms. Beneath the image is the inscription - 'TIS DEATH TO COUNTERFEIT THIS BILL.

Paper Money, Five Pounds Bill, 1759

Five Pounds (5 pounds) New York currency from 1759. Image is the New York City Coat of Arms. Beneath…

Five Pounds (5 pounds) New York currency from 1771. Image is the Coat of Arms of New York City. Beneath the image is the inscription - 'TIS DEATH TO COUNTERFEIT THIS BILL.

Paper Money, Five Pounds Bill, 1771

Five Pounds (5 pounds) New York currency from 1771. Image is the Coat of Arms of New York City. Beneath…

Half Dollar (50 cents) New York currency from 1775. Image is the Coat of Arms of New York City.

Paper Money, Half Dollar Bill, 1775

Half Dollar (50 cents) New York currency from 1775. Image is the Coat of Arms of New York City.

Twenty Shillings Bill (20 shillings) Pennsylvania currency from 1756. Image is the Coat of Arms of William Penn. Bill was printed by Benjamin Franklin.

Paper Money, Twenty Shillings Bill, 1756

Twenty Shillings Bill (20 shillings) Pennsylvania currency from 1756. Image is the Coat of Arms of William…

Eight Shillings Bill (8 shillings) Pennsylvania currency from 1777. Frame, arms and value printed in red.

Paper Money, Eight Shillings Bill, 1777

Eight Shillings Bill (8 shillings) Pennsylvania currency from 1777. Frame, arms and value printed in…

Nine Pence (9 pence) Rhode Island currency from 1786. Image shows an anchor surrounded by the inscription - DOMINE SPERAMUS IN TE

Paper Money, Nine Pence Bill, 1786

Nine Pence (9 pence) Rhode Island currency from 1786. Image shows an anchor surrounded by the inscription…

Five Dollars ($5) South Carolina currency from 1776. Image of a horse surrounded by the inscription - DOMINUM GENEROSA RECUSAT. Wood engraving, rough brown paper.

Paper Money, Five Dollars Bill, 1776

Five Dollars ($5) South Carolina currency from 1776. Image of a horse surrounded by the inscription…

One Shilling (1 shilling) Vermont currency from 1781. Image of thirteen rings surrounded by the inscription - VERMONT CALLS FOR JUSTICE.

Paper Money, One Shilling Bill, 1781

One Shilling (1 shilling) Vermont currency from 1781. Image of thirteen rings surrounded by the inscription…

Three Pounds (3 pounds) Virginia currency from 1775. Copper-plate notes as illustrated, each value different.

Paper Money, Three Pounds Bill, 1775

Three Pounds (3 pounds) Virginia currency from 1775. Copper-plate notes as illustrated, each value different.

Four Dollars ($4) Virginia currency from 1776. Image is the new Coat of Arms for the State of Virginia.

Paper Money, Four Dollars Bill, 1776

Four Dollars ($4) Virginia currency from 1776. Image is the new Coat of Arms for the State of Virginia.

Blood corpuscles (cells). Labels: A, magnified about 400 diameters. The red corpuscles have arranged themselves in rouleaux; a, a, colorless corpuscle; B, red corpuscles more magnified and seen in focus; E, a red corpuscle slightly out of focus. Near the right -hand top corner is a red corpuscle seen in three-quarter face, and at C one is seen edgewise. F, G, H, I, white corpuscles highly magnified.

Blood Corpuscles

Blood corpuscles (cells). Labels: A, magnified about 400 diameters. The red corpuscles have arranged…

Leaves - simple, alternate, edge entire. Outline - long oval. Apex - pointed. Base - pointed. Leaf - five to ten inches long, thin, dark green above; green beneath and slightly downy; growing along the branch and not simply in a cluster at its end. Bark - dark and rough. Flowers - three to six inches across, bluish or yellowish-white, abundant and fragrant. May, June. Fruit - in a cylinder-shaped bunch, two to three inches long, and somewhat resembling a small cucumber. Found - in rich woods from Western New York to southern Illinois and southward, and in cultivation. Its finest growth is in the southern Alleghany Mountains. General Information - A tree sixty to ninety feet high, with a straight trunk and rich foliage. The wood is durable, soft, and light. Used for cabinet-work, for flooring, for pump-logs, and water-troughs. As in other magnolias the juice is bitter and aromatic. From "magnol," the name of a botanist of the seventeenth century.

Genus Magnolia, L. (Magnolia)

Leaves - simple, alternate, edge entire. Outline - long oval. Apex - pointed. Base - pointed. Leaf -…

Leaves - Simple, alternate, edge entire. Outline - long oval or slightly reverse egg-shape. Apex, slightly blunt-pointed. Base, pointed. Leaf -about three to six inches long, thick and smooth; dark green and polished above; white below; the middle rib green and distinct; the side ribs slight and indistinct. Bark - of trunk, smoothish, light gray, aromatic and bitter. Flowers - large (two to three inches wide), white, at the ends of the branches, very fragrant. June, July. Fruit - bright red berries, at first in small cone-like clusters, then hanging by slender threads. September. Found - in swampy ground, from Massachusetts southward, usually near the coast. <p>General Information - A small tree (often a bush) four to twenty-five feet high, or higher southward, where its leaves are evergreen. All parts of the tree (and it is the same with the other magnolias) have an intensely bitter, aromatic juice, which is stimulating and tonic. From "magnol," the name of a botanist of the seventeenth century.

Genus Magnolia, L. (Magnolia)

Leaves - Simple, alternate, edge entire. Outline - long oval or slightly reverse egg-shape. Apex, slightly…

Leaves - Simple, alternate, edge entire. Outline - long oval or slightly reverse egg-shape. Apex, short, sharp-pointed. Base, pointed. Leaf - twelve to thirty-six inches long, six to eight inches wide; rather dark green above; lighter beneath; silky when young, but soon smooth; growing in clusters at the ends of the branches. Bark - smoothish and light. Flowers - seven to eight inches across, at the ends of the branches, white, and fragrant. May, June. Fruit - in a cylinder-shaped bunch, four to five inches long, and rose-colored as it ripens. Found - in Southeastern Pennsylvania and southward along the Alleghany Mountains, and in cultivation. <p>General Information - A tree twenty to thirty feet high, with irregular branches, and light, soft wood. As in other magnolias the juice is bitter and fragrant. From "magnol," the name of a botanist of the seventeenth century.

Genus Magnolia, L. (Magnolia)

Leaves - Simple, alternate, edge entire. Outline - long oval or slightly reverse egg-shape. Apex, short,…

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge entire. Outline - long, reverse egg-shape. Apex - pointed, in small leaves, sometimes rounded. Base - taper-pointed or slightly rounded. Leaf - five to ten inches long, thin, rusty downy with young, soon becoming smooth and polished. Bark - slivery-gray, smooth and polished; young shoots downy. Flowers - one and a half inches wide; dark to light, in drooping clusters, appearing with the leaves. March, April. Fruit - about three inches long by one and a half inches thick, egg-shape, yellow, about ten-seeded, fragrant, sweet, and edible. October. Found - from Western New York to Southern Iowa and southward. General Information - A small tree of unpleasant odor when bruised, ten to twenty feet high (or often only a bush) and densely clothed with its long leaves. <p>General Information - A small tree of unpleasant odor when bruised, ten to twenty feet high (or often only a bush) and densely clothed with its long leaves.

Genus Asimina, Adans (Papaw)

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge entire. Outline - long, reverse egg-shape. Apex - pointed, in small…

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge entire. Outline - round heart-shape. Apex - tapering and rather blunt, sometimes with a short bristle. Base - heart shape. Leaf/Stem - smooth and swollen at each end into a sort of knob. Leaf - usually about four to five inches long and wide; rather thin, smooth above and below; with seven prominent ribs radiating from the end of the leaf-stem. Flowers - reddish, acid, usually abundant in small clusters along the branches; appearing before the leaves. March to May. Fruit - a small, many-seeded, flat pod, winged along the seed-bearing stem. Seeds - reverse egg-shape. Found - in rich soil, Western Pennsylvania, westward and southward. Common in cultivation. General Information - A small and fine ornamental tree, with long, flat-leaved branches. The name "Judas tree" is traditional. "This is the tree whereon Judas did hang himself, and not the elder tree, as it is said." From a Greek word meaning "shuttle," because of the shuttle-shaped pod.

Genus Cercis, L. (Red Bud)

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge entire. Outline - round heart-shape. Apex - tapering and rather blunt,…

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge entire. Outline - oval or reverse egg-shape. Apex - pointed. Base - pointed. Leaf/Stem - slightly hairy when young. Leaf - two to five inches long; usually about half as broad; dark green and very shining above, especially when old; light green and shining below; thick, tough, and firm. Middle rib slightly hairy when young; side ribs rather indistinct and curved. Bark - grayish and often broken into short sections. Fertile Flowers - small, in clusters of three to eight on slender stems. April, May. Fruit - nearly one half inch long; bluish-black when ripe; egg-shape or oval; acid and rather bitter until "frosted." Stone - oval, somewhat pointed at each end, slightly flattened, and with three or four blunt ridges on each side. September. Found - from Southern Maine to Michigan, and southward to Florida and Texas. General Information - A tree twenty to forty feet high (larger southward), with flat, horizontal branches. The wood, even in short lengths, is very difficult of cleavage, and so is well fitted for beetles, hubs of wheels, pulleys, etc. Its leaves are the first to ripen in the fall, changing (sometimes as early as August) to a bright crimson. In the South, opossums climb the tree in search of its fruit and are immortalized in stories.

Genus Nyssa, L. (Sour Gum)

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge entire. Outline - oval or reverse egg-shape. Apex - pointed. Base -…

Leaves - simple; alternate, edge entire. Outline - long oval or long egg-shape. Apex - pointed. Base - pointed or rounded. Leaf - three to five inches long, thickish; dark and smooth, usually shining, above; below dull, with ribs curved and irregular and minutely downy. On the upper surface the ribs are quite indistinct, except as the lea is held toward the light when they appear almost transparent. In the same position the left is seen also to be edged with a slight delicate fringe (appearing in the dried leaf like a line of yellow light). Bark - of trunk dark and rough. Flowers - greenish-yellow and small, at the base of the leaf-stems. June. Fruit - about one inch in diameter, rounded, nearly stemless, orange-red when ripe, with about eight large flat seeds. After frost it is of very pleasant flavor, before, exceedingly "puckery." Found - from Connecticut southward to Florida and westward to Southeastern Iowa. General Information - A tree twenty to sixty feet high; sometimes, at the South, more than one hundred feet high. The wood is hard and close-grained; the bark tonic and astringent. From two Greek words meaning fruit of Jove.

Genus Diospyros, L. (Persimmon)

Leaves - simple; alternate, edge entire. Outline - long oval or long egg-shape. Apex - pointed. Base…

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge entire or lobed. Outline - when the edge is entire usually oval or egg-shape; when lobed usually broader and reverse egg-shape. Apex - of the leaf or of the lobes rounded or slightly blunt-pointed. Base - pointed or wedge-shape. Leaf - variable in size, dark, thin, smooth; rather shining above; the lobes, when resent, two or three in number and usually more or less bulging, with the hollows always rounded. Bark - obliquely and curiously furrowed and broken, gray without, reddish within; young twigs yellowish. Flowers - greenish-yellow, in clusters. May, June. Fruit - oval, one-seeded, blue, with a reddish, club shaped stem; pungent. Found - from Southwestern Vermont, southward and westward. General Information - a tree fifteen to fifty feet high with light and soft wood. All parts of the tree have a pleasant, spicy taste and fragrance. From the bark of the roots a powerful aromatic stimulant is obtained.

Genus Sassafras, Nees. (Sassafras)

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge entire or lobed. Outline - when the edge is entire usually oval or…

Leaves - simple/alternate; edge somewhat irregularly very sharp-toothed. Outline - rounded, often very one-sided. Apex - pointed. Base - strongly heart-shaped. Leaf - usually about three to four inches wide, four to five inches long; sometimes much larger; rather thick, very smooth and shining above; with small tufts of reddish hairs in the angles of the ribs below; and often with the ribs themselves hairy. Bark - of the trunk very thick; on the young branches dark brown. Fruit - gray-downy, ovate, the size of small peas, clustered on a long stem of which the lower half is joined to half the length of a narrow, leaf-like bract, usually with a tapering base. Found - in rich woods, from British America southward to Virginia and along the Alleghany Mountains and westward. General Information - A straight-trunked tree, sixty to eighty feet high (often unbranching to half its height) and two to four feet in diameter. Its very tough inner bark is used for mats and coarse rope. The wood is white and soft and clear of knots. It is much used for wooden ware, in cabinet-work, and for the paneling of carriages, though now less esteemed than the tulip tree for these uses, owing to its liability to crack in bending.

Genus Tilia, L. (Basswood)

Leaves - simple/alternate; edge somewhat irregularly very sharp-toothed. Outline - rounded, often very…

Leaves - simple/alternate; edge somewhat irregularly very sharp-toothed. Outline - rounded, often very one-sided. Apex - pointed. Base - strongly heart-shaped. Leaf - five to eight inches long; deep green and shining above, beneath velvety and silvery white with purplish ribs. Bark - of the trunk very thick; on the young branches dark brown. Fruit - gray-downy, ovate, the size of small peas, clustered on a long stem of which the lower half is joined to half the length of a narrow, leaf-like bract, usually with a tapering base. Found - in rich woods, from the mountains of Pennsylvania to Georgia and westward. General Information - A straight-trunked tree, twenty to thirty feet high (often unbranching to half its height) and two to four feet in diameter. Its very tough inner bark is used for mats and coarse rope. The wood is white and soft and clear of knots. It is much used for wooden ware, in cabinet-work, and for the paneling of carriages, though now less esteemed than the tulip tree for these uses, owing to its liability to crack in bending.

Genus Tilia, L. (Basswood)

Leaves - simple/alternate; edge somewhat irregularly very sharp-toothed. Outline - rounded, often very…

Leaves - simple/alternate; edge somewhat irregularly very sharp-toothed. Outline - rounded, often very one-sided. Apex - pointed. Base - strongly heart-shaped. Leaf - two to three inches long; thinner than the T. Americana, deep green and shining above, beneath somewhat downy. Bark - of the trunk very thick; on the young branches dark brown. Fruit - rounded, about one fourth of an inch in diameter, and with the base of the leaf-like bract to which it is attached usually rounded at the base. Found - in rich woods, from New York to Florida and westward.. General Information - A straight-trunked tree, twenty to thirty feet high (often unbranching to half its height) and two to four feet in diameter. Its very tough inner bark is used for mats and coarse rope. The wood is white and soft and clear of knots. It is much used for wooden ware, in cabinet-work, and for the paneling of carriages, though now less esteemed than the tulip tree for these uses, owing to its liability to crack in bending.

Genus Tilia, L. (Basswood)

Leaves - simple/alternate; edge somewhat irregularly very sharp-toothed. Outline - rounded, often very…

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge with remote, very sharp spine-like teeth, with rounded spaces between. Outline - oval. Apex and Base - pointed. Leaf - about two inches long; dark polished green above; below rather yellowish-green; thick and stiff; smooth throughout; ribs very indistinct below. Bark - light gray and smooth. Fruit - a nearly round, bright-red berry, the size of a pea. It ripens in September and continues upon the branches into the winter. Found - from Massachusetts southward near the coast to Florida, and from Southern Indiana southwest, and southward to the Gulf. General Information - The use of holly and other evergreens in religious ceremonies dates from pagan times. "Trummying of the temples with floures, boughes, and garlondes, was taken of the heathen people, whiche decked their idols and houses with suche array.: Early church councils made rules and restrictions concerning the practice - e.g., in France Christians were forbidden "to decke up their houses with lawrell, yvie, and green gouches in the Christmas season," for "Hedera est gratissima Baccho." (The ivy is most acceptable to Bacchus.)

Genus Ilex, L. (Holly)

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge with remote, very sharp spine-like teeth, with rounded spaces between.…