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Wave of contraction passing over a muscular fiber of dytiscus, very highly magnified. When a muscle contracts, the dark bands swell up and shorten (the light bands are also constricted), and the whole fiber broadens and shortens. Labels: R, R, portions of the fiber at rest; C, contracted part; I, I, intermediate condition.

Muscular Fiber Contracting

Wave of contraction passing over a muscular fiber of dytiscus, very highly magnified. When a muscle…

"Tie one end of a soft cotton rope about 20 feet long to a fixed support, and hold the other end in the hand. Move the hand up and down with a quick, sudden motion, so as to set up a series of waves in the rope, as shown, in which each curved line may be considered an instantaneous photograph of a rope thus shaken." -Avery 1895

Form of Waves

"Tie one end of a soft cotton rope about 20 feet long to a fixed support, and hold the other end in…

"Bow or pluck the string of a sonometer near its end, thus setting it in vibration as a hole. The string will have the appearance of a single spindle as shown, and will sound the lowest tone that it is capable of producing." -Avery 1895

Sound Wave, fundamental frequency

"Bow or pluck the string of a sonometer near its end, thus setting it in vibration as a hole. The string…

"Lightly touch the wire at its middle point with the tip of the finger or the beard of a quill; the wire will vibrate in halves." -Avery 1895

Sound Wave

"Lightly touch the wire at its middle point with the tip of the finger or the beard of a quill; the…

"...represents two such wave systems meeting in opposite phases." -Avery 1895

Waves with Opposite Phases

"...represents two such wave systems meeting in opposite phases." -Avery 1895

"...represents two wave systems of equal periods and amplitudes but of opposite phases." -Avery 1895

Waves with Equal Periods and Opposite Amplitudes

"...represents two wave systems of equal periods and amplitudes but of opposite phases." -Avery 1895

"Suport a soft cotton rope several yards long between two fixed supports, as the opposite sides of the room, or the floor and the ceiling. With a ruler, strike the rope a blow near one end so as to form a crest, as shown. Vary the tension of the rope if necessary, until the crest is easily seem. Notice the crest, c, travels from A to B, where it is reflected back to A as a trough, t." -Avery 1895

Fixed Wave Reflection

"Suport a soft cotton rope several yards long between two fixed supports, as the opposite sides of the…

"Consider a beam of light as made up of a number of ehter waves moving forward in air and side by side, as represented by the rays A, B, C. Imagine a plane, MN, normal to these yars, attached to the waves and moving forward in a straight line. As the wave front advances beyond MN, the ray, A, strikes the reflecting surface, RS, and is turned back into the air in accordance with the law just given." -Avery 1895

Explanation of Reflection

"Consider a beam of light as made up of a number of ehter waves moving forward in air and side by side,…

"Thus, when erher waves that constitute light are transmitted through glass, they are hindered by the molecules of the glass, and impart some of their motion to those molecules' i.e., a part of the light is absorbed. When a beam of light, as represented by ABC moves forward in the air, the wave-front, MN, continues parallel to itself and moves forward in a straight line. As the wave front advances, A strikes the glass first, and is retarted, the retardation of B and C later change the direction of the rays." -Avery 1895

Explanation of Refraction

"Thus, when erher waves that constitute light are transmitted through glass, they are hindered by the…

"Enlarged sectional view of a ripple or train of waves." —Croft 1917

Wave

"Enlarged sectional view of a ripple or train of waves." —Croft 1917

"Mirror A/B is only half of person C's height. C is able to view his entire body through such a small mirror due to the angle of incidence from D to B to F." —Quackenbos 1859

Angle of Incidence and Reflection

"Mirror A/B is only half of person C's height. C is able to view his entire body through such a small…

"A prism is a piece of glass, having for its sides three plane surfaces and for its ends two equal and parallel triangles." —Quackenbos 1859

Prism

"A prism is a piece of glass, having for its sides three plane surfaces and for its ends two equal and…

(1847-1917) Admiral Togo was a Japanese naval commander.

Heihachiro Togo

(1847-1917) Admiral Togo was a Japanese naval commander.

Two Japanese men reading a newspaper.

Japanese Men

Two Japanese men reading a newspaper.

The leaf of a Japanese Maple tree.

Japanese Maple

The leaf of a Japanese Maple tree.

Japanese silhouettes telling the story of Old Mother Hubbard and her dog.

Old Mother Hubbard

Japanese silhouettes telling the story of Old Mother Hubbard and her dog.

Coat of Arms, Japan

The Great Seal of Japan

Coat of Arms, Japan

Japan Stamp (20 sen) from 1872

Japan, 20 Sen Stamp, 1872

Japan Stamp (20 sen) from 1872

Japan Stamp (1 yen) from 1888

Japan, 1 Yen Stamp, 1888

Japan Stamp (1 yen) from 1888

Japan Wrapper (value unknown) from 1875

Japan, Unknown Value Wrapper, 1875

Japan Wrapper (value unknown) from 1875

As the motion of the wave is moving in the right direction in this diagram, a, b, c, and d represent the locations of a floating cork and its positions on the wave. it is at b as it reaches X, c at Y, d at Z, and a at B.

Wave Motion

As the motion of the wave is moving in the right direction in this diagram, a, b, c, and d represent…

A terrace built by waves.

Terrace

A terrace built by waves.

"It is seen that the motion of each particle is rectilinear and simple harmonic...The paths are vertical where...multiplies of 180 degrees and horizontal at points halfway between." -Coast and Geodetic Survey, 1901

Wave Motion

"It is seen that the motion of each particle is rectilinear and simple harmonic...The paths are vertical…

The figure "shows the effect of a circular island upon the cotidal lines." -Coast and Geodetic Survey, 1901

Island Tides

The figure "shows the effect of a circular island upon the cotidal lines." -Coast and Geodetic Survey,…

The figure "represents the progress of a wave up a broad depression or valley 40 miles wide at the bottom and 240 at the top, the depth at the center being 1000 feet." -Coast and Geodetic Survey, 1901

Wave Progress

The figure "represents the progress of a wave up a broad depression or valley 40 miles wide at the bottom…

The seeds of the Japanese Broom-Corn millet.

Japanese Broom-Corn Millet

The seeds of the Japanese Broom-Corn millet.

"Waves act like a horizontal saw which makes a wide cut into the land, extending above and below the level of still water. The portion of the land above the cut breaks away and forms a sea cliff, along the foot of which stretches a level of gently sloping submerged platform or wave-cut terrace." -Dryer, 1901

Wave-Cut Terrace

"Waves act like a horizontal saw which makes a wide cut into the land, extending above and below the…

"In some cases the shore current builds up the beach above sea level and adds to it on the seaward side, so that it gradually widens into a wave-built terrace or foreland." -Dryer, 1901

Wave-Build Terrace

"In some cases the shore current builds up the beach above sea level and adds to it on the seaward side,…

"The line AB represents the surface of a water wave whose length is ai, moving in the direction of the long arrow. Suppose the wave length to be divided into eight equal parts, ab, bc, etc. If the water were still, the particles 1, 2, 3, etc., would lie directly above the points a, b, c, etc., but each particle is moving in a circular path in the direction shown by the curved arrows." -Dryer, 1901

Wave Movement

"The line AB represents the surface of a water wave whose length is ai, moving in the direction of the…

A princess atop her palace waves to her prince down below.

Princess Waving

A princess atop her palace waves to her prince down below.

Camellia, a flowering plant of the Theaceae family.

Camellia

Camellia, a flowering plant of the Theaceae family.

The hair is produced by a peculiar growth and modification of the epidermis. Externally it is covered by a layer of fine scales closely imbricated, or overlapping like the tiles of a house, but with the free edges turned upwards. It is called the cuticle of the hair. Shown in the magnified surface of a hair. The wave lines mark the upper or free edges of the cortical scales. B, separate scales.

Magnified Surface of a Hair

The hair is produced by a peculiar growth and modification of the epidermis. Externally it is covered…

"The Japanese carp stands for good cheer, indomitable will, perseverance, and fortitude, and it is used to impress these virtues upon the boys, but all the good qualities named are fully as necessary for girls even though the Japanese do not mention the fact, but girls are not forgotten." -Beard 1906

Paper koi

"The Japanese carp stands for good cheer, indomitable will, perseverance, and fortitude, and it is used…

"The fish banners are hollow so that the wind ma fill them, causing fish to rise and fall as the breeze comes and goes...The fish used on this eventful day are the famous carp, which the natives call koi, the unconquerable." -Beard, 1906

Paper Koi Birthday Pole

"The fish banners are hollow so that the wind ma fill them, causing fish to rise and fall as the breeze…

"Staphylea Bumalda. 1. a flower; 2. a perpendicular section of it; 3. a section of its ovary." -Lindley, 1853

Japanese Bladdernut

"Staphylea Bumalda. 1. a flower; 2. a perpendicular section of it; 3. a section of its ovary." -Lindley,…

Mangroves (generally) are trees and shrubs that grow in saline coastal habitats in the tropics and subtropics. The word is used in at least three senses: (1) most broadly to refer to the habitat and entire plant assemblage or mangal, for which the terms mangrove swamp and mangrove forest are also used, (2) to refer to all trees and large shrubs in the mangal, and (3) narrowly to refer to the mangrove family of plants, the Rhizophoraceae, or even more specifically just to mangrove trees of the genus Rhizophora. Mangals are found in depositional coastal environments where fine sediments, often with high organic content, collect in areas protected from high energy wave action.

Mangrove

Mangroves (generally) are trees and shrubs that grow in saline coastal habitats in the tropics and subtropics.…

The shamisen or samisen is a Japanese stringed instrument played with a plectrum (a) called a bachi.

Shamisen

The shamisen or samisen is a Japanese stringed instrument played with a plectrum (a) called a bachi.

The obverse side of the Japanese sen, one hundredth of a yen.

Sen (Obverse)

The obverse side of the Japanese sen, one hundredth of a yen.

Robert Livingston Stevens applied the wave line, concave waterlines on a steamboat hull, in 1808.

Stevens's Ironclad Floating Battery

Robert Livingston Stevens applied the wave line, concave waterlines on a steamboat hull, in 1808.

The reverse side of the Japanese sen, one hundredth of a yen.

Sen (Reverse)

The reverse side of the Japanese sen, one hundredth of a yen.

A boy on his way to the baseball field. Younger boys wave to him as he walks along.

Baseball Uniform

A boy on his way to the baseball field. Younger boys wave to him as he walks along.

The abnormal fret band is a pattern found on a Japanese metal vessel (bowl or cup).

Abnormal Fret Band

The abnormal fret band is a pattern found on a Japanese metal vessel (bowl or cup).

The evolute spiral paintings is a wave pattern that mimics the wave of the sea. In this design it was used on the borders of antique vessels.

Evolute Spiral Paintings

The evolute spiral paintings is a wave pattern that mimics the wave of the sea. In this design it was…

The evolute spiral modern border is a wavelike pattern that mimics the waves of the sea.

Evolute Spiral Modern Border

The evolute spiral modern border is a wavelike pattern that mimics the waves of the sea.

The evolute spiral border is a wavelike pattern that mimics the wave of the sea. Designed by Sebastian Serlio during the 16th century. The interstices (small opening) between the lines is decorated with leaves and flower buds.

Evolute Spiral Border

The evolute spiral border is a wavelike pattern that mimics the wave of the sea. Designed by Sebastian…

The evolute spiral frieze is a wavelike pattern that mimics the waves of the sea. Its interstices (small openings) between the lines is decorates with leaves and flower buds. This design is found in the Otto-Heinrich building of Heidelberg Castle in Germany.

Evolute Spiral Frieze

The evolute spiral frieze is a wavelike pattern that mimics the waves of the sea. Its interstices (small…

The evolute spiral trellis (garden frame) is made out of wrought iron. It is a wavelike pattern that mimics the waves of the sea.

Evolute Spiral Trellis

The evolute spiral trellis (garden frame) is made out of wrought iron. It is a wavelike pattern that…

The evolute spiral painting is a wavelike pattern that mimics the waves of the sea. Designed during the Italian Renaissance, it was found in a palace in Italy.

Evolute Spiral Painting

The evolute spiral painting is a wavelike pattern that mimics the waves of the sea. Designed during…

The evolute spiral paintings is a wave pattern that mimics the wave of the sea. In this design it was used on the borders of antique vessels.

Evolute Spiral Paintings

The evolute spiral paintings is a wave pattern that mimics the wave of the sea. In this design it was…

The evolute spiral paintings is a wave pattern that mimics the wave of the sea. In this design it was used on the borders of antique vessels.

Evolute Spiral Paintings

The evolute spiral paintings is a wave pattern that mimics the wave of the sea. In this design it was…

The evolute spiral paintings is a wave pattern that mimics the wave of the sea. In this design it was used on the borders of antique vessels.

Evolute Spiral Paintings

The evolute spiral paintings is a wave pattern that mimics the wave of the sea. In this design it was…

The evolute spiral angle is a wave pattern that mimics the wave of the sea.

Evolute Spiral Angles

The evolute spiral angle is a wave pattern that mimics the wave of the sea.

The evolute spiral angle is a wave pattern that mimics the wave of the sea.

Evolute Spiral Angles

The evolute spiral angle is a wave pattern that mimics the wave of the sea.

The evolute spiral central junction is a wave pattern that mimics the wave of the sea.

Evolute Spiral Central Junction

The evolute spiral central junction is a wave pattern that mimics the wave of the sea.

The circular evolute spiral is a wave pattern that mimics the wave of the sea. It is a round circular panel.

Circular Evolute Spiral

The circular evolute spiral is a wave pattern that mimics the wave of the sea. It is a round circular…

The evolute spiral stove tile is a painting during the German Renaissance. It is a wavelike pattern that mimics the waves of the sea. The interstices (small opening) between the lines is decorated with leaves and flower buds.

Evolute Spiral Stove Tile

The evolute spiral stove tile is a painting during the German Renaissance. It is a wavelike pattern…

The Japanese enamel pattern is a design that uses metal fillets that are filled with pulverized colored glass paste.

Japanese Enamel Pattern

The Japanese enamel pattern is a design that uses metal fillets that are filled with pulverized colored…

This modern pattern is a Japanese design made out of silk. It is a repeating pattern of a bird.

Modern Pattern

This modern pattern is a Japanese design made out of silk. It is a repeating pattern of a bird.

This modern Japanese jar is made designed with the colors of lacquered gold and black. The lid forms the dish.

Modern Japanese Jar

This modern Japanese jar is made designed with the colors of lacquered gold and black. The lid forms…

This Japanese pipe-spout pot is made out of enameled metal.

Japanese Pipe-Spout Pot

This Japanese pipe-spout pot is made out of enameled metal.