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An illustration of a silver fir cone and a small branch. Silver Fir or European Silver Fir (Abies alba) is a fir native to the mountains of Europe, from the Pyrenees north to Normandy, east to the Alps and the Carpathians, and south to southern Italy and northern Serbia, where it intergrades with the closely related Bulgarian Fir.

Silver Fir Cone and Foliage

An illustration of a silver fir cone and a small branch. Silver Fir or European Silver Fir (Abies alba)…

The Rainbow Smelt (Osmerus mordax) is a North American fish in the Osmeridae family of smelts named for its brilliant colors.

Rainbow Smelt

The Rainbow Smelt (Osmerus mordax) is a North American fish in the Osmeridae family of smelts named…

The Vermilion Snapper (Rhomboplites aurorubens) is a North American and Atlantic fish in the Lutjanidae family of snappers.

Vermilion Snapper

The Vermilion Snapper (Rhomboplites aurorubens) is a North American and Atlantic fish in the Lutjanidae…

Narcissus is the botanic name for a genus of mainly hardy, mostly spring-flowering, bulbs in the Amaryllis family native to Europe, North Africa, and Asia. There are also several Narcissus species that bloom in the autumn. Though Hortus Third cites 26 wild species, Daffodils for North American Gardens cites between 50 and 100 excluding species variants and wild hybrids. Through taxonomic and genetic research, it is speculated that over time this number will likely continue to be refined. Daffodil is a common English name, sometimes used now for all varieties, and is the chief common name of horticultural prevalence used by the American Daffodil Society The range of forms in cultivation has been heavily modified and extended, with new variations available from specialists almost every year.

Narcissus

Narcissus is the botanic name for a genus of mainly hardy, mostly spring-flowering, bulbs in the Amaryllis…

Paeonia) is the only genus in the flowering plant family Paeoniaceae. They are native to Asia, southern Europe and western North America. Most are herbaceous perennial plants 0.5–1.5 metres tall, but some are woody shrubs up to 1.5–3 metres tall. They have compound, deeply lobed leaves, and large, often fragrant flowers, ranging from red to white or yellow, in late spring and early summer. In the past, the peonies were often classified in the family Ranunculaceae, alongside Hellebores and Anemones.

Peony Bud

Paeonia) is the only genus in the flowering plant family Paeoniaceae. They are native to Asia, southern…

Calystegia sepium (Larger Bindweed, Hedge Bindweed, or Rutland beauty) is a species of bindweed, with a subcosmopolitan distribution throughout temperate Northern Hemisphere in Europe, Asia, northwestern Africa, and North America, and in the temperate Southern Hemisphere in Australia, and Argentina in South America.

Calystegia Sepium

Calystegia sepium (Larger Bindweed, Hedge Bindweed, or Rutland beauty) is a species of bindweed, with…

An illustration of a Calystegia sepium bud. Calystegia sepium (Larger Bindweed, Hedge Bindweed, or Rutland beauty) is a species of bindweed, with a subcosmopolitan distribution throughout temperate Northern Hemisphere in Europe, Asia, northwestern Africa, and North America, and in the temperate Southern Hemisphere in Australia, and Argentina in South America.

Calystegia Sepium Bud

An illustration of a Calystegia sepium bud. Calystegia sepium (Larger Bindweed, Hedge Bindweed, or Rutland…

An illustration of a Calystegia sepium seed cut lengthwise showing the embryo. Calystegia sepium (Larger Bindweed, Hedge Bindweed, or Rutland beauty) is a species of bindweed, with a subcosmopolitan distribution throughout temperate Northern Hemisphere in Europe, Asia, northwestern Africa, and North America, and in the temperate Southern Hemisphere in Australia, and Argentina in South America.

Calystegia Sepium Seed

An illustration of a Calystegia sepium seed cut lengthwise showing the embryo. Calystegia sepium (Larger…

An illustration of a Calystegia sepium embryo. Calystegia sepium (Larger Bindweed, Hedge Bindweed, or Rutland beauty) is a species of bindweed, with a subcosmopolitan distribution throughout temperate Northern Hemisphere in Europe, Asia, northwestern Africa, and North America, and in the temperate Southern Hemisphere in Australia, and Argentina in South America.

Calystegia Sepium Embryo

An illustration of a Calystegia sepium embryo. Calystegia sepium (Larger Bindweed, Hedge Bindweed, or…

An illustration of two Hittite women sitting. The Hittites were an ancient Anatolian people who spoke a Hittite language of the Anatolian branch of the Indo-European language family, and established a kingdom centered at Hattusa in north-central Anatolia (on the Central Anatolian plateau) ca. the 18th century BC. The Hittite empire reached its height ca. the 14th century BC, encompassing a large part of Anatolia, north-western Syria about as far south as the mouth of the Litani River (a territory known as Amqu), and eastward into upper Mesopotamia. After ca. 1180 BC, the empire disintegrated into several independent "Neo-Hittite" city-states, some surviving until as late as the 8th century BC.

Hittite Women

An illustration of two Hittite women sitting. The Hittites were an ancient Anatolian people who spoke…

The velvet crab (alternatively velvet swimming crab or devil crab) is the largest swimming crab found in British coastal waters, with a carapace width of up to 100 mm. The body is coated with short hairs, giving the animal a velvety texture, hence the common name. It is one of the major crab species for UK fisheries. The velvet crab lives from southern Norway to Western Sahara in the North Sea and north Atlantic as well as western parts of the Mediterranean Sea, on rocky bottoms from the shoreline to a depth of about 65 m. The last pair of pereiopods are flattened to facilitate swimming.

Velvet Crab

The velvet crab (alternatively velvet swimming crab or devil crab) is the largest swimming crab found…

Corystes cassivelaunus, the masked crab, helmet crab or sand crab, is a burrowing crab of the North Atlantic and North Sea from Portugal to Norway, which also occurs in the Mediterranean Sea. It may grow up to 4 cm long (carapace length). The name "masked crab" derives from the patterns on the carapace which resemble a human face, in a similar manner to heikegani.

Masked Crab

Corystes cassivelaunus, the masked crab, helmet crab or sand crab, is a burrowing crab of the North…

An illustration of a crwth on a 14th century seal. The crwth (in English crowd) is an archaic stringed musical instrument, associated particularly with Welsh music, although once played widely in Europe

Crwth on a Seal

An illustration of a crwth on a 14th century seal. The crwth (in English crowd) is an archaic stringed…

Annual Honesty (Lunaria annua) is a tall (height about 1 m), hairy-stemmed biennial plant found throughout Europe, North America, and parts of Asia. It has large, pointed oval leaves with marked serrations. The common name "Honesty" arose in the 16th century, and it may be due to the translucent seed-pods which are like flattened pea-pods and borne on the plant through winter. In South-East Asia and elsewhere, it is called the Money Plant, because its seed pods have the appearance of silver coins. In the United States it may also be known as "Silver Dollars," also because of the seed pods.

Annual Honesty

Annual Honesty (Lunaria annua) is a tall (height about 1 m), hairy-stemmed biennial plant found throughout…

The European Squid (Loligo vulgaris) is a large squid belonging to the family Loliginidae. It occurs abundantly in coastal waters from the North Sea to at least the west coast of Africa. This species lives from sea level to depths of 500 m. The mantle is up to 40 cm long. It is the only species in the subgenus Loligo. There are two subspecies of this squid: the nominate L. v. vulgaris, and the Cape Hope Squid, L. v. reynaudi.

European Squid

The European Squid (Loligo vulgaris) is a large squid belonging to the family Loliginidae. It occurs…

This portion of a pavement-slab in the North Palace at Nineveh has a certain accordance with the Grecian style of decoration.

Part of the Floor Decoration from North Palace, Nineveh

This portion of a pavement-slab in the North Palace at Nineveh has a certain accordance with the Grecian…

One peculiarity is visible in all Assyrian buildings, namely, that all the chambers are very narrow in proportion to their length. It may, however, be accepted as established that the chambers were in general lighted by windows, which were inserted in the walls either high up or immediately under the roof, and that only large halls received their light from above through openings in the roof.

Floor Plan of the Palace at Nimrud

One peculiarity is visible in all Assyrian buildings, namely, that all the chambers are very narrow…

"Scleroderris fuliginosa. a, immature ascocarps ... S. fuliginosa is said to be parasitic on twigs and branches of willows in Europe and North America." -Whitney, 1911

Willow Canker

"Scleroderris fuliginosa. a, immature ascocarps ... S. fuliginosa is said to be parasitic on twigs and…

"Scleroderris fuliginosa. b, ascus containing spores and accompanied by paraphyses ... S. fuliginosa is said to be parasitic on twigs and branches of willows in Europe and North America." -Whitney, 1911

Willow Canker

"Scleroderris fuliginosa. b, ascus containing spores and accompanied by paraphyses ... S. fuliginosa…

The riddle in this "Riddle-seal of Oxford" is an 'ox' crossing a 'ford.' "A seal which contains a rebus, riddle, or other descriptive device." -Whitney, 1911

Riddle Seal

The riddle in this "Riddle-seal of Oxford" is an 'ox' crossing a 'ford.' "A seal which contains a rebus,…

"Ancient Cretan sealing. An impression in clay used to seal vases and other receptacles, examples of which are frequently found in archaeological excavations." -Whitney, 1911

Vase Sealing

"Ancient Cretan sealing. An impression in clay used to seal vases and other receptacles, examples of…

"inverted Vertical Pendulum Seismograph. Marvin System. A stiff vertical tube, pivoted at its bottom end, carries a very heavy mass near its upper end, and is rendered stable or astatic by the elastic reaction of a central steel rod which has its bottom end firmly fixed inside the heavy mass and its top end attached to the framework on the pier. The horizontal motion of the ground and pier relative to the steady mass is magnified 120 times and inscribed on smoked-paper record-sheets by two sets of multiplying levers. One records the north-south, the other the east-west component of motion." -Whitney, 1911

Pendulum Seismograph

"inverted Vertical Pendulum Seismograph. Marvin System. A stiff vertical tube, pivoted at its bottom…

The motto label is a found on the seal of the town of Schiltach, Germany. It has a Gothic inscription on the scroll "S. opidi schilttach".

Motto Label

The motto label is a found on the seal of the town of Schiltach, Germany. It has a Gothic inscription…

This early gothic finial is a 13th century three dimensional cross. Made out of stone, it decorates the top of a cathedral found in Chatres, a town in north-central France.

Early Gothic Finial

This early gothic finial is a 13th century three dimensional cross. Made out of stone, it decorates…

The Greek console is shown in the front and side view. It is found as a support to the North door of the Greek Temple Erechtheum in Athens, Greece.

Greek Console

The Greek console is shown in the front and side view. It is found as a support to the North door of…

Taraxacum is a large genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. They are native to Europe, North America and Asia and two species, T. officinale and T. erythrospermum, are found as weeds worldwide. The common name Dandelion is given to members of the genus and like other members of the Asteraceae family, they have very small flowers collected together into a composite flower head. Each single flower in a head is called a floret. Many Taraxacum species produce seeds asexually by apomixis, where the seeds are produced without pollination, resulting in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent plant.

Dandelion

Taraxacum is a large genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. They are native to Europe,…

Heartsease (Viola tricolor) is a common European wild flower, growing as an annual or short-lived perennial. It has been introduced into North America, where it has spread widely, and is known as the Johnny Jump Up (though this name is also applied to similar species such as the Yellow Pansy). It is the progenitor of the cultivated Pansy, and is therefore sometimes called Wild Pansy; before the cultivated Pansies were developed, "Pansy" was an alternative name for the wild form.

Heartsease

Heartsease (Viola tricolor) is a common European wild flower, growing as an annual or short-lived perennial.…

Dianthus is a genus of about 300 species of flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae, native mainly to Europe and Asia, with a few species extending south to north Africa, and one species (D. repens) in arctic North America. The species are mostly perennial herbs, a few are annual or biennial, and some are low subshrubs with woody basal stems. The leaves are opposite, simple, mostly linear and often strongly glaucous grey-green to blue-green. The flowers have five petals, typically with a frilled or pinked margin, and are (in almost all species) pale to dark pink. One species, D. knappii, has yellow flowers with a purple center.

Dianthus

Dianthus is a genus of about 300 species of flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae, native mainly…

Beaumaris Castle, located in Beaumaris, Anglesey, Wales was built as part of King Edward I's campaign to conquer the north of Wales. It was designed by James of St. George and was begun in 1295, but never completed. Beaumaris has been designated as a World Heritage site, and is regarded by some to be the most architecturally perfect castle in Britain.

Beaumaris Castle

Beaumaris Castle, located in Beaumaris, Anglesey, Wales was built as part of King Edward I's campaign…

The Cathedral of Our Lady of Amiens (French: Cath&eacute;drale Notre-Dame d'Amiens), or simply Amiens Cathedral, is the tallest complete cathedral in France, with the greatest interior volume (estimated at 200,000 m<sup>3</sup>). The vaults of the nave are 42.30 m high, the tallest nave vaults in any completed French cathedral, and surpassed only by the incomplete Beauvais Cathedral. This monumental cathedral is located in Amiens, the chief city of Picardy, in the Somme River valley a little over 100 kilometers north of Paris.

Amiens Cathedral

The Cathedral of Our Lady of Amiens (French: Cathédrale Notre-Dame d'Amiens), or simply Amiens…

Houses at Orleans a commune in north-central France.

Houses at Orleans

Houses at Orleans a commune in north-central France.

The Temple of Hephaestus and Athena Ergane, also known as the Hephaisteion or Theseion, is the best preserved ancient Greek temple. It is a Doric order peripteral temple, located at the north-west side of the Agora of Athens, on top of the Agoraios Kolonos hill. From the 7th century until 1834, it served as the Greek Orthodox church of St. George Akamates.

Temple of Theseus

The Temple of Hephaestus and Athena Ergane, also known as the Hephaisteion or Theseion, is the best…

Fumaria is a genus of about fifty annual herbaceous flowering plants in the family Fumariaceae, native to temperate Europe and Asia, though some species are weedy or adventive in North and South America, Australia, etc. It is closely allied to Corydalis (from which it differs chiefly in having single-seeded fruits), and some botanists combine the two genera. The common name is fumitory.

Fumitory

Fumaria is a genus of about fifty annual herbaceous flowering plants in the family Fumariaceae, native…

An illustration of the side-view of the fumitory flower Fumaria is a genus of about fifty annual herbaceous flowering plants in the family Fumariaceae, native to temperate Europe and Asia, though some species are weedy or adventive in North and South America, Australia, etc. It is closely allied to Corydalis (from which it differs chiefly in having single-seeded fruits), and some botanists combine the two genera. The common name is fumitory.

Fumitory (Side-view)

An illustration of the side-view of the fumitory flower Fumaria is a genus of about fifty annual herbaceous…

An illustration of a longitudinal section of the fumitory flower. Fumaria is a genus of about fifty annual herbaceous flowering plants in the family Fumariaceae, native to temperate Europe and Asia, though some species are weedy or adventive in North and South America, Australia, etc. It is closely allied to Corydalis (from which it differs chiefly in having single-seeded fruits), and some botanists combine the two genera. The common name is fumitory.

Fumitory Flower (Longitudinal Section)

An illustration of a longitudinal section of the fumitory flower. Fumaria is a genus of about fifty…

An illustration of a fumitory flower anther. Fumaria is a genus of about fifty annual herbaceous flowering plants in the family Fumariaceae, native to temperate Europe and Asia, though some species are weedy or adventive in North and South America, Australia, etc. It is closely allied to Corydalis (from which it differs chiefly in having single-seeded fruits), and some botanists combine the two genera. The common name is fumitory.

Fumitory Flower Anther

An illustration of a fumitory flower anther. Fumaria is a genus of about fifty annual herbaceous flowering…

An illustration of a berberis branch. Berberis (B&eacute;r-be-ris, barberry, pepperidge bush) a genus of about 450-500 species of deciduous and evergreen shrubs from 1-5 m tall with thorny shoots, native to the temperate and subtropical regions of Europe, Asia, Africa, North America and South America. They are closely related to the genus Mahonia, which is included within Berberis by some botanists.

Berberis

An illustration of a berberis branch. Berberis (Bér-be-ris, barberry, pepperidge bush) a genus…

An illustration of the berberis flower. Berberis (B&eacute;r-be-ris, barberry, pepperidge bush) a genus of about 450-500 species of deciduous and evergreen shrubs from 1-5 m tall with thorny shoots, native to the temperate and subtropical regions of Europe, Asia, Africa, North America and South America. They are closely related to the genus Mahonia, which is included within Berberis by some botanists.

Berberis Flower

An illustration of the berberis flower. Berberis (Bér-be-ris, barberry, pepperidge bush) a genus…

An illustration of the a stamen and pistil of the berberis plant. Berberis (B&eacute;r-be-ris, barberry, pepperidge bush) a genus of about 450-500 species of deciduous and evergreen shrubs from 1-5 m tall with thorny shoots, native to the temperate and subtropical regions of Europe, Asia, Africa, North America and South America. They are closely related to the genus Mahonia, which is included within Berberis by some botanists.

Pistil and Stamen of Burberis

An illustration of the a stamen and pistil of the berberis plant. Berberis (Bér-be-ris, barberry,…

An illustration of the berberis fruit. Berberis (B&eacute;r-be-ris, barberry, pepperidge bush) a genus of about 450-500 species of deciduous and evergreen shrubs from 1-5 m tall with thorny shoots, native to the temperate and subtropical regions of Europe, Asia, Africa, North America and South America. They are closely related to the genus Mahonia, which is included within Berberis by some botanists.

Fruit of Berberis

An illustration of the berberis fruit. Berberis (Bér-be-ris, barberry, pepperidge bush) a genus…

The Myrtle (Myrtus) is a genus of one or two species of flowering plants in the family Myrtaceae, native to southern Europe and north Africa. They are evergreen shrubs or small trees, growing to 5 m tall. The leaves are entire, 3-5 cm long, with a fragrant essential oil. The star-like flowers have five petals and sepals, and numerous stamens. Petals are usually white. The fruits are globose blue-black berries containing several seeds. The flowers are pollinated by insects, and the seeds dispersed by birds that feed on the berries.

Myrtle

The Myrtle (Myrtus) is a genus of one or two species of flowering plants in the family Myrtaceae, native…

An illustration of a flowering branch and empty cupule of beech. Beech (Fagus) is a genus of ten species of deciduous trees in the family Fagaceae, native to temperate Europe and North America.

Beech

An illustration of a flowering branch and empty cupule of beech. Beech (Fagus) is a genus of ten species…

Iris is a genus of between 200-300 species of flowering plants with showy flowers. It takes its name from the Greek word for a rainbow, referring to the wide variety of flower colors found among the many species. As well as being the scientific name, iris is also very widely used as a common name; for one thing, it refers to all Iris species, but some plants called thus belong to closely related genera. In North America, a common name for irises is flags, while the subgenus Scorpiris is widely known as junos, particularly in horticulture.

Iris

Iris is a genus of between 200-300 species of flowering plants with showy flowers. It takes its name…

The Bearded Seal (Erignathus barbatus) is a seal in the Phocidae family of true or earless seals.

Bearded Seal

The Bearded Seal (Erignathus barbatus) is a seal in the Phocidae family of true or earless seals.

Monkwearmouth is an area of Sunderland located at the north side of the mouth of the River Wear. It was one of the three original settlements on the banks of the River Wear along with Bishopwearmouth and Sunderland, the area now known as the East End. It includes the area around St. Peter's Church and was once the main centre of Wearside shipbuilding and coalmining in the town. It is now host to a campus of the University of Sunderland and the National Glass Centre. It is served by the three Church of England churches of the Parish of Monkwearmouth. The locals of the area were called "Barbary Coasters". The borough stretches from Wearmouth Bridge to the harbour mouth on the north side of the river and is one of the oldest parts of Sunderland.

Monkwearmouth Church

Monkwearmouth is an area of Sunderland located at the north side of the mouth of the River Wear. It…

An illustration of liverwort (Hepatica): a, Thalloid stem with female branches; b, Thalloid stem with male branches. Hepatica is a genus of herbaceous perennial plants belonging to the buttercup family, Ranunculaceae. A native of central and northern Europe, Asia and northeastern North America, Hepatica is sometimes called liverleaf or "liverwort". It should not be confused with liverworts, which may also be called "Hepaticae". A few botanists include Hepatica within a wider interpretation of Anemone, as Anemone hepatica.

Hepatica

An illustration of liverwort (Hepatica): a, Thalloid stem with female branches; b, Thalloid stem with…

Volcanic sills - Whin Sill, North England.

Whin Sill, North England

Volcanic sills - Whin Sill, North England.

East-west section across South Dakota to show the Dakota artesian system. The Dakota sandstone is composed for the most part of well-rounded and well-assorted quartz grains, representing an ancient river and wind-formed sand deposit.

Dakota Artesian System

East-west section across South Dakota to show the Dakota artesian system. The Dakota sandstone is composed…

John White finds the only clue to the disappearance of the "Lost Colony" of Roanoke: a tree carved with the word 'Croatan,' the name of a Native American tribe.

Croatan Carved into Tree at Roanoke

John White finds the only clue to the disappearance of the "Lost Colony" of Roanoke: a tree carved with…

"Fan-crest, about 1350. A form of crest common in the middle ages at different periods, as in the reign of Richard I. of England, whose second great seal shows this crest, and again at the end of the thirteenth century, when it assumed the shape of a fan or screen with radiating ribs, attached to the helm at a single point." -Whitney, 1911

Medieval Helmet with Fan Crest

"Fan-crest, about 1350. A form of crest common in the middle ages at different periods, as in the reign…

Fort Garry, also known as Upper Fort Garry, was a Hudson's Bay Company trading post at the confluence of the Red and Assiniboine rivers in what is now downtown Winnipeg. It was established in 1822 on or near the site of the North West Company's Fort Gibraltar. Fort Garry was named after Nicholas Garry, deputy governor of the Hudson's Bay Company. It served as the centre of fur trade within the Red River Settlement. Unfortunately in 1826, a severe flood destroyed the fort. It was rebuilt in 1835 by the HBC and named Upper Fort Garry to differentiate it from "the Lower Fort," or Lower Fort Garry, 32 km downriver, which was established in 1831. Throughout the mid to late 1800s, Upper Fort Garry played a minor role in the actual trading of furs, but was central to the administration of the HBC and the surrounding settlement. The Council of Assiniboia, the administrative and judicial body of the Red River Settlement mainly run by HBC officials, met at Upper Fort Garry.

Interior of Fort Garry

Fort Garry, also known as Upper Fort Garry, was a Hudson's Bay Company trading post at the confluence…

North-south cross-section of the St. Gothard Massif, Switzerland, showing the fan-folds.

St. Gothard Massif, Switzerland

North-south cross-section of the St. Gothard Massif, Switzerland, showing the fan-folds.

Section through North Hill, Kingston, N.Y. showing the overthrust which led to a repetition of the strata.

North Hill Overthrust

Section through North Hill, Kingston, N.Y. showing the overthrust which led to a repetition of the strata.

North-south section across western New York, showing the three cuestas and lowlands and the tilting of the peneplane.

New York Peneplane

North-south section across western New York, showing the three cuestas and lowlands and the tilting…

The Fox Squirrel (Sciurus niger) is a rodent in the Sciuridae family of squirrels. The black fox squirrel is found in the east or southern region of North America.

Black Fox Squirrel

The Fox Squirrel (Sciurus niger) is a rodent in the Sciuridae family of squirrels. The black fox squirrel…

The Northern Fur Seal (Callorhinus ursinus) is large seal in the Otariidae family of eared seals.

Northern Fur Seal

The Northern Fur Seal (Callorhinus ursinus) is large seal in the Otariidae family of eared seals.

William Penn (October 14, 1644 – July 30, 1718) was founder and "Absolute Proprietor" of the Province of Pennsylvania, the English North American colony and the future U.S. state of Pennsylvania. He was known as an early champion of democracy and religious freedom and famous for his good relations and his treaties with the Lenape Indians. Under his direction, Philadelphia was planned and developed.

William Penn

William Penn (October 14, 1644 – July 30, 1718) was founder and "Absolute Proprietor" of the Province…

An illustration of William Penn's House.

William Penn's House

An illustration of William Penn's House.

"Struthio camelus, the Ostrich or "Camel-bird" of North Africa now extends from Barbary to Arabia, and even to Mesopotamia, though no longer found, as of old, in Egypt or Central Asia...". "It is black with white wings and tail, having a flesh coloured with brownish down, and practically bare tibiae of the same hue." "The Ostrich stands about eight feet high, being the largest of existing birds." - A. H. Evans, 1900

Ostrich

"Struthio camelus, the Ostrich or "Camel-bird" of North Africa now extends from Barbary to Arabia, and…

Kiwi, Apteryx australis, of the South Island, is lighter (than the Apteryx mantelli of North Island), and feels soft instead of harsh when grasped." "These birds are at once distinguished from all their allies by their small size, and by the long, weak, decurved bill, which tapers regularly and has the nostrils placed almost at the extremity. The head and eyes are comparatively small... The legs are very stout and situated backwardly, a small elevated hallux is present, and the toes are provided with long, sharp claws. The wings are small-boned and invisible, with functionless quills, the tail is rudimentary, the aftershaft and the furcula are absent, while many elongated hairs occur on the front of the head." - A. H. Evans, 1900

Kiwi

Kiwi, Apteryx australis, of the South Island, is lighter (than the Apteryx mantelli of North Island),…