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Of the Composite family (Compositae), the sharp-leaved wood aster (Aster acuminatus).

Sharp-Leaved Wood Aster

Of the Composite family (Compositae), the sharp-leaved wood aster (Aster acuminatus).

Of the arrowhead family (Sagittaria), Sagittaria heterophylla.

Sagittaria heterophylla

Of the arrowhead family (Sagittaria), Sagittaria heterophylla.

Of the arrowhead family (Sagittaria), the slender arrowhead (Sagittaria teres).

Slender Arrowhead

Of the arrowhead family (Sagittaria), the slender arrowhead (Sagittaria teres).

Of the spiderwort family (Tradescantia), clockwise from top: T. bracteata, T. pilosa, T. montana, T. brevicaulis, T. occidentalis, T. reflexa.

Spiderwort

Of the spiderwort family (Tradescantia), clockwise from top: T. bracteata, T. pilosa, T. montana, T.…

Of the bead lily family (Clintonia), the white clintonia (Clintonia umbellulata).

White Clintonia

Of the bead lily family (Clintonia), the white clintonia (Clintonia umbellulata).

Of the dayflower family (Commelina), the slender dayflower (Commelina erecta).

Slender Dayflower

Of the dayflower family (Commelina), the slender dayflower (Commelina erecta).

The coffee senna or Cassia occidentalis.

Cassia occidentalis

The coffee senna or Cassia occidentalis.

The Cassia tora or Senna obtusifolia.

Cassia tora

The Cassia tora or Senna obtusifolia.

The roundleaf geranium or Geranium rotundifolium.

Roundleaf Geranium

The roundleaf geranium or Geranium rotundifolium.

The longstalk cranesbill or Geranium columbinum.

Longstalk Cranesbill

The longstalk cranesbill or Geranium columbinum.

The Siberian geranium or Geranium sibiricum.

Siberian Geranium

The Siberian geranium or Geranium sibiricum.

The small geranium or Geranium pusillum.

Small Geranium

The small geranium or Geranium pusillum.

The awnless geranium or Geranium molle.

Awnless Geranium

The awnless geranium or Geranium molle.

Of the false mermaid family (Limnanthaceae), the false mermaid (Floerkea prosperpinacoides).

False Mermaid

Of the false mermaid family (Limnanthaceae), the false mermaid (Floerkea prosperpinacoides).

Of the mint family (Labiatae), the hedge nettle (Stachys palustris).

Hedge Nettle

Of the mint family (Labiatae), the hedge nettle (Stachys palustris).

Of the mint family (Labiatae), the horehound (Marrubium vulgare).

Horehound

Of the mint family (Labiatae), the horehound (Marrubium vulgare).

Of the mint family (Labiatae), the dead nettle (Lamium amplexicaule).

Dead Nettle

Of the mint family (Labiatae), the dead nettle (Lamium amplexicaule).

Of the figwort family (Scrophulariaceae), the figwort (Scrophularia marilandica).

Figwort

Of the figwort family (Scrophulariaceae), the figwort (Scrophularia marilandica).

Of the composite family (Compositae), the sweet golden-rod (Solidago odora).

Sweet Golden-Rod

Of the composite family (Compositae), the sweet golden-rod (Solidago odora).

Of the composite family (Compositae), the gray golden-rod (Solidago nemoralis).

Gray Golden-Rod

Of the composite family (Compositae), the gray golden-rod (Solidago nemoralis).

Of the composite family (Compositae), the small white aster (Aster vimineus).

Small White Aster

Of the composite family (Compositae), the small white aster (Aster vimineus).

"a Lepidodendron (restored); b & c impressions on back; d stem with leaves; e leaflet; f fruit of Lepidodendron, called Lepidostrobus; g showing spores in bracts of fruit." -Taylor, 1904

Lepidodedron

"a Lepidodendron (restored); b & c impressions on back; d stem with leaves; e leaflet; f fruit of Lepidodendron,…

"Calamites (a restored); b enlarged fig.; c, d, e, leaflets and branches; f catkin; g root." -Taylor, 1904

Calamites

"Calamites (a restored); b enlarged fig.; c, d, e, leaflets and branches; f catkin; g root." -Taylor,…

"Portion of fossil tree fern (Pecopteris arborescens) on coal shale." -Taylor, 1904

Fossil Tree Fern

"Portion of fossil tree fern (Pecopteris arborescens) on coal shale." -Taylor, 1904

"Annularia. A fossil plant allied to the Calamites." -Taylor, 1904

Annularia

"Annularia. A fossil plant allied to the Calamites." -Taylor, 1904

"White whelk (Buccinum undatum)." -Taylor, 1904

White Whelk

"White whelk (Buccinum undatum)." -Taylor, 1904

"Lengthwise section of grain of corn. y, yellow, oily part of endosperm; w, white, starchy part of endosperm; p, plumule; s, the shield (cotyledon), in contact with the endosperm for absorption of food from it; r, the primary root." -Bergen, 1896

Corn Grain

"Lengthwise section of grain of corn. y, yellow, oily part of endosperm; w, white, starchy part of endosperm;…

"Successive stages in the life history of the bean seedling. AA, the surface of the ground; r, primary root; r', secondary root; c, hypocotyl; a, arch of hypocotyl; co, cotyledons." -Bergen, 1896

Bean Seed Stages

"Successive stages in the life history of the bean seedling. AA, the surface of the ground; r, primary…

"Aerial adventitious roots of the ivy." -Bergen, 1896

Ivy

"Aerial adventitious roots of the ivy." -Bergen, 1896

"Dodder growing upon a Golden-Rod Stem. s, seedling dodder plants, growing in earth; h, stem of host; r, haustoria or parasitic roots of dodder; l, scale-like leaves; A, magnified section of a portion of willow stem, showing penetration of haustoria." -Bergen, 1896

Dodder on Golden Rod

"Dodder growing upon a Golden-Rod Stem. s, seedling dodder plants, growing in earth; h, stem of host;…

"The dandelion; a so-called stemless plant." -Bergen, 1896

Dandelion

"The dandelion; a so-called stemless plant." -Bergen, 1896

"Roots, rootstocks, and leaves of iris." -Bergen, 1896

Iris

"Roots, rootstocks, and leaves of iris." -Bergen, 1896

"Stem of "Smilax" (Myrsiphyllum). l, scale-like leaves; cl, cladophyll, or leaf-like branch, growing in the axil of the leaf; ped, flower-stalk, growing in the axil of a leaf." -Bergen, 1896

Smilax

"Stem of "Smilax" (Myrsiphyllum). l, scale-like leaves; cl, cladophyll, or leaf-like branch, growing…

"Dissected bud of buckeye (Aesculus macrostachya), showing transitions from bud-scales to leaves." -Bergen, 1896

Buckeye Bud

"Dissected bud of buckeye (Aesculus macrostachya), showing transitions from bud-scales to leaves." -Bergen,…

"A, a pear leaf-bud in autumn; B, a leafy shoot derived from A, as seen in the middle of the following summer, with flower-bud at tip; C, the fruit-spur, B, in autumn, after the fall of the leaves." -Bergen, 1896

Pear Leaf-Bud

"A, a pear leaf-bud in autumn; B, a leafy shoot derived from A, as seen in the middle of the following…

"Fruit-bud of pear, showing its development. A, opening in spring; B, later, developing flowers and leaves; C, later still; only one flower has produced a fruit, the rest having fallen off. Below it is a lateral bud which will continue the spur next year." -Bergen, 1896

Pear Fruit-Bud

"Fruit-bud of pear, showing its development. A, opening in spring; B, later, developing flowers and…

"Types of vernation. 1, 2, cherry; 3, 4, European walnut; 5, 6, snowball; 7, lady's mantle; 8, oxalis." -Bergen, 1896

Vernation

"Types of vernation. 1, 2, cherry; 3, 4, European walnut; 5, 6, snowball; 7, lady's mantle; 8, oxalis."…

"Leafy twig of poplar." -Bergen, 1896

Poplar Leaves

"Leafy twig of poplar." -Bergen, 1896

"The fall of the horse-chestnut leaf." -Bergen, 1896

Buckeye Leaves

"The fall of the horse-chestnut leaf." -Bergen, 1896

"Pinnately compound leaf of pea. A tendril takes the place of a terminal leaflet." -Bergen, 1896

Pea Leaf

"Pinnately compound leaf of pea. A tendril takes the place of a terminal leaflet." -Bergen, 1896

"Leaf arrangement of the oak." -Bergen, 1896

Oak Leaves

"Leaf arrangement of the oak." -Bergen, 1896

"Leaf arrangement of European beech." -Bergen, 1896

European Beech Leaves

"Leaf arrangement of European beech." -Bergen, 1896

"Leaf arrangement of horse-chestnut on vertical shoots." -Bergen, 1896

Buckeye Leaves

"Leaf arrangement of horse-chestnut on vertical shoots." -Bergen, 1896

"Leaf arrangement of horse-chestnut on vertical shoots." -Bergen, 1896

Buckeye Leaves

"Leaf arrangement of horse-chestnut on vertical shoots." -Bergen, 1896

"Opposite leaves of Deutzia, as arranged on a horizontal branch." -Bergen, 1896

Deutzia Leaves

"Opposite leaves of Deutzia, as arranged on a horizontal branch." -Bergen, 1896

"Opposite leaves of Deutzia, as arranged on a vertical branch." -Bergen, 1896

Deutzia Leaves

"Opposite leaves of Deutzia, as arranged on a vertical branch." -Bergen, 1896

"A leaf of Acacia. A, as seen by day; B, the same leaf asleep at night." -Bergen, 1896

Acacia Leaf

"A leaf of Acacia. A, as seen by day; B, the same leaf asleep at night." -Bergen, 1896

"Leaves standing nearly vertical in compass-plant. (Silphium laciniatum). A, view from east or west; B, from north or south." -Bergen, 1896

Compass Plant

"Leaves standing nearly vertical in compass-plant. (Silphium laciniatum). A, view from east or west;…

"Submerged and aerial leaves of a European crowfoot (Ranunculus Purshii). The leaf with thread-like divisions is the submerged one." -Bergen, 1896

European Crowfoot Leaves

"Submerged and aerial leaves of a European crowfoot (Ranunculus Purshii). The leaf with thread-like…

"Xerophytic leaves of the Australian blackberry. l, leaflets reduced in many cases to bare midrobs, in other cases showing a bit of blade at the end; P, petiole." -Bergen, 1896

Australian Blackberry Leaves

"Xerophytic leaves of the Australian blackberry. l, leaflets reduced in many cases to bare midrobs,…

"Common Pitcher-Plant (Sarracenia purpurea). At the right one of the pitcher-like leaves is shown in cross-section." -Bergen, 1896

Common Pitcher Plant

"Common Pitcher-Plant (Sarracenia purpurea). At the right one of the pitcher-like leaves is shown in…

"Leaves of sundew. The one at the left has all its tentacles closed over captured prey; the one at the right has only half of them thus closed." -Bergen, 1896

Sundew Leaves

"Leaves of sundew. The one at the left has all its tentacles closed over captured prey; the one at the…

"Spiny leaves of barberry." -Bergen, 1896

Barberry Leaves

"Spiny leaves of barberry." -Bergen, 1896

"Leaf of a nighshade (Solanum atropurpureum)." -Bergen, 1896

Nightshade Leaf

"Leaf of a nighshade (Solanum atropurpureum)." -Bergen, 1896

"White water-lily. The inner petals and the stamens growing from the ovary." -Bergen, 1896

White Waterlily

"White water-lily. The inner petals and the stamens growing from the ovary." -Bergen, 1896

"Transition from petals to stamens in white water-lily. E, F, G, H, various steps between petal and stamen." -Bergen, 1896

Petals to Stamens

"Transition from petals to stamens in white water-lily. E, F, G, H, various steps between petal and…

"Winged fruits. I, elm; II, maple." -Bergen, 1896

Winged Fruits

"Winged fruits. I, elm; II, maple." -Bergen, 1896

"Fruits of Linden, with a bract joined to the peduncle and forming a wing." -Bergen, 1896

Tilia Fruit

"Fruits of Linden, with a bract joined to the peduncle and forming a wing." -Bergen, 1896

"Spore-plant of a fern (Aspidium filix-mas). A, part of a rootstock and fronds; fr, young fronds unrollin. B, under side of a pinnule, showing sori, s. C, section through a sorus at right angles to surface of leaf, showing indusium, i, and sporangia, s. D, a sporangium discharging spores." -Bergen, 1896

Fern Spore Plant

"Spore-plant of a fern (Aspidium filix-mas). A, part of a rootstock and fronds; fr, young fronds unrollin.…

"General outline of leaves. a, linear; b, lanceolate; c, wedge-shaped; d, spatulate; e, ovate; f, obovate; g, kidney-shaped; h, orbicular; i, elliptical." -Bergen, 1896

Leaf Shapes

"General outline of leaves. a, linear; b, lanceolate; c, wedge-shaped; d, spatulate; e, ovate; f, obovate;…