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Of the mallow family (Malvaceae), the musk mallow or Malva moschata.

Musk Mallow

Of the mallow family (Malvaceae), the musk mallow or Malva moschata.

Of the mallow family (Malvaceae), the purple poppy-mallow or Callirrhoe involucrata.

Purple Poppy-Mallow

Of the mallow family (Malvaceae), the purple poppy-mallow or Callirrhoe involucrata.

Of the St. John's Wort family (Hypericaceae), St. Andrew's Cross or Ascyrum hypericoides.

St. Andrew's Cross

Of the St. John's Wort family (Hypericaceae), St. Andrew's Cross or Ascyrum hypericoides.

Of the St. John's Wort family (Hypericaceae), the common St. John's wort: left, Hypericum ellipticum; right, Hypericum perforatum.

Common St. John's Wort

Of the St. John's Wort family (Hypericaceae), the common St. John's wort: left, Hypericum ellipticum;…

Of the St. John's Wort family (Hypericaceae), the marsh St. John's wort, Hypericum Virginicum.

Marsh St. John's Wort

Of the St. John's Wort family (Hypericaceae), the marsh St. John's wort, Hypericum Virginicum.

Of the rock-rose family (Cistaceae), the plant and flower of Hudsonia tomentosa.

H. Tomentosa

Of the rock-rose family (Cistaceae), the plant and flower of Hudsonia tomentosa.

Of the rock-rose family (Cistaceae), the frostweed or Helianthemum Canadense.

Frostweed

Of the rock-rose family (Cistaceae), the frostweed or Helianthemum Canadense.

Of the violet family (Violaceae), the marsh violet or Viola palustris.

Marsh Violet

Of the violet family (Violaceae), the marsh violet or Viola palustris.

Of the violet family (Violaceae), the dog violet or Viola conspersa.

Dog Violet

Of the violet family (Violaceae), the dog violet or Viola conspersa.

Of the violet family (Violaceae), the blue violet or Viola papilionacea.

Blue Violet

Of the violet family (Violaceae), the blue violet or Viola papilionacea.

Of the violet family (Violaceae), the arrow-leaved violet or Viola sagittata.

Arrow-Leaved Violet

Of the violet family (Violaceae), the arrow-leaved violet or Viola sagittata.

Of the violet family (Violaceae), the downy yellow violet or Viola pubescens.

Downy Yellow Violet

Of the violet family (Violaceae), the downy yellow violet or Viola pubescens.

Of the violet family (Violaceae), the round-leaved violet or Viola rotundifolia.

Round-Leaved Violet

Of the violet family (Violaceae), the round-leaved violet or Viola rotundifolia.

Of the violet family (Violaceae), the Canada violet or Violaa canadensis.

Canada Violet

Of the violet family (Violaceae), the Canada violet or Violaa canadensis.

Of the violet family (Violaceae), the pale violet or Viola striata.

Pale Violet

Of the violet family (Violaceae), the pale violet or Viola striata.

Of the loosestrife family (Lythraceae), the loosestrife or Lythrum alatum.

Loosestrife

Of the loosestrife family (Lythraceae), the loosestrife or Lythrum alatum.

Of the loosestrife family (Lythraceae), the clammy cuphea or Cuphea viscosissima.

Clammy Cuphea

Of the loosestrife family (Lythraceae), the clammy cuphea or Cuphea viscosissima.

Of the loosestrife family (Lythraceae), the swamp loosestrife or Decodon verticillatus.

Swamp Loosestrife

Of the loosestrife family (Lythraceae), the swamp loosestrife or Decodon verticillatus.

Of the meadow-beauty family (Melastomaceae), the meadow beauty or deer-grass (Rhexia virginica).

Meadow Beauty

Of the meadow-beauty family (Melastomaceae), the meadow beauty or deer-grass (Rhexia virginica).

This image "represents a cross section through the ejector with the magazine loaded. The parts shown are receiver, A; bolt, B; firing pin, C; ejector, D; clip slots, E; bolt locking lug channels, F; magazine, G; follower, H; magazine spring, I; and floor plate, J." -Moss, 1914

Loaded Magazine

This image "represents a cross section through the ejector with the magazine loaded. The parts shown…

This image "shows a cross section through the magazine empty, and with cut-off "on," shown in projection. The parts are receiver, A; bolt, B; firing pin, C; cut-off, D; rear lug slot, E; bolt locking lug channels, F; magazine, G; follower, H; magazine spring, I; and floor plate, J." -Moss, 1914

Empty Magazine

This image "shows a cross section through the magazine empty, and with cut-off "on," shown in projection.…

"Diagram of cell structure. Pl. Plastids in cytoplasm. cc. Centrosome. n. Nucleolus. Chr. Chromosomes. N. Nucleus. ct. General cytoplasm. V. Vacuole. Gr. Granules." -Thomson, 1916

Cell Structure

"Diagram of cell structure. Pl. Plastids in cytoplasm. cc. Centrosome. n. Nucleolus. Chr. Chromosomes.…

"Vorticella. 1. Structure. N., Macronucleus; n., micronucleus; c.v., contractile vacuole; m., mouth; f.v., food vacuole; v., vestibule. 2. Encysted individual. 3. Division. 4. Separation of a free-swimming unit--the result of a division. 5. Formation of eight minute units (mg.). 6. Conjugation of microzooid (mg.) with one normal size." -Thomson, 1916

Vorticella

"Vorticella. 1. Structure. N., Macronucleus; n., micronucleus; c.v., contractile vacuole; m., mouth;…

"Diagram of a typical Hydrozoan polyp. EC., Ectoderm; EN., endoderm; C., the cavity of the gut (coelenteron); G., a reproducive bud; T., a tentacle; H., hypostome or oral cone; M., mouth." -Thomson, 1916

Hydrazoan Polyp

"Diagram of a typical Hydrozoan polyp. EC., Ectoderm; EN., endoderm; C., the cavity of the gut (coelenteron);…

"A medusoid; ma., manubrium; r.c., radial canal; s., sense-organ." -Thomson, 1916

Medusoid

"A medusoid; ma., manubrium; r.c., radial canal; s., sense-organ." -Thomson, 1916

"Structure of a Medusoid. ST., Stomach; M., manubrium; V., velum; T., tentacle; C.C., circumference canal; G., gonad; R.C., radial canal; EN., endoderm; EC., ectoderm; MG, mesogloea." -Thomson, 1916

Medusoid Structure

"Structure of a Medusoid. ST., Stomach; M., manubrium; V., velum; T., tentacle; C.C., circumference…

"Vertical section of Aurelia. m., Mouth; st., stomach; r.c., radial canal; R., reproductive organs; g.f., gastric filaments; g.p., sub-genital cavity; l., marginal tentacle; s., sense organ; the shaded part is mesogloea." -Thomson, 1916

Aurelia

"Vertical section of Aurelia. m., Mouth; st., stomach; r.c., radial canal; R., reproductive organs;…

"Diagram of Lucernaria. C., Cavity of gut (colenteron); F., gastric filaments; H. hypostome; G., gonad; T. tentacle; cc., circumference canal." -Thomson, 1916

Lucernaria

"Diagram of Lucernaria. C., Cavity of gut (colenteron); F., gastric filaments; H. hypostome; G., gonad;…

"Vertical section of a sea anemone. t., Tentacles; o., mouth; oes., oesophagus; c., c'., apertures through a mesentery; a., a'., acontia; g., genital organs on mesentery; m.f., mesenteric filaments; m.l. longitudinal muscles; s., primary septum or mesentery; s'., secondary septum; s''., tertiary septum; v., basal disc." -Thomson, 1916

Sea Anemone

"Vertical section of a sea anemone. t., Tentacles; o., mouth; oes., oesophagus; c., c'., apertures through…

"Section through sea anemone. A, B, Directive septa; m.f., mesenteric filaments; g., genital organs; m.l., longitudinal muscles; s., primary septum; s'., secondary septum; s''., tertiary septum. The arrow enters between two primary septa (an intra-septal cavity), and passes out between two tertiary septa." -Thomson, 1916

Sea Anemone

"Section through sea anemone. A, B, Directive septa; m.f., mesenteric filaments; g., genital organs;…

"The formation of a coral shell (Asteroides). st., Stomodaeum; ms., mesentery; s., calcareous septum; B., basal plate." -Thomson, 1916

Coral Shell

"The formation of a coral shell (Asteroides). st., Stomodaeum; ms., mesentery; s., calcareous septum;…

"Diagram of a gymnoblastic Hydroid. a., Stem; b., root; c., gut cavity; d., endoderm (dark); e., ectoderm; f., horny perisarc; g., hydra-like "person" (hydranth); g'., the same, contracted; h., hypostome bearing mouth; k., sac-like reproductive bud (sporosac); m., a modified hydranth (blastostyle) bearing sporosacs; l., medusoid "person." -Thomson, 1916

Hydroid

"Diagram of a gymnoblastic Hydroid. a., Stem; b., root; c., gut cavity; d., endoderm (dark); e., ectoderm;…

"Campanularian Hydroid. H., Hydrotheca or polyp-cup; HY., hydranth, or polyp-head; G., gonotheca, enclosing a reproductive polyp producing medusoid buds; M., a liberated medusoid; ST., basal stolon." -Thomson, 1916

Campanularian Hydroid

"Campanularian Hydroid. H., Hydrotheca or polyp-cup; HY., hydranth, or polyp-head; G., gonotheca, enclosing…

"Diagram of a Ctenophore. M., Mouth; S., sensory organ; T., tentacle cut short; SH., pouch of tentacle; C., ciliated combs; F., funnel or central canal; SV., paragastric canal running parallel with stomodaeum; G., other canals of the gut; V., one of the meridional canals, bearing gonads, running under the bands of ciliated combs." -Thomson, 1916

Ctenophore

"Diagram of a Ctenophore. M., Mouth; S., sensory organ; T., tentacle cut short; SH., pouch of tentacle;…

"Hydroctena. A medusoid with suggestion of Ctenophore structure, but a true medusoid nonetheless. ab.o. Aboral sensory organ; T., retractile tentacle; v., velum; M., mouth; ST., stomach" -Thomson, 1916

Hydroctena

"Hydroctena. A medusoid with suggestion of Ctenophore structure, but a true medusoid nonetheless. ab.o.…

"B., one of the characteristic hollow flame-cells, leading into the excretory tubule (1), showing the long cili (2), the excretory globules (3), the nucleus (4), and pseudopodia-like processes (5) passing among adjacent cells." -Thomson, 1916

Plathelminth

"B., one of the characteristic hollow flame-cells, leading into the excretory tubule (1), showing the…

"Life history of Taenia solium. 1. Six-hooked embryo in egg-case; 2. proscolex or bladder-worm stage, with invaginated head; 3. bladder-worm with evaginated head; 4. enlarged head of adult, showing suckers and hooks; 5. general view of the tape-worm, from small head and thin neck to the rip joints; 6. a rip joint or proglottis with branched uterus; all other organs are now lost." -Thomson, 1916

Pork Tapeworm

"Life history of Taenia solium. 1. Six-hooked embryo in egg-case; 2. proscolex or bladder-worm stage,…

"Diagrammatic longitudinal section of a Nemertean (Amphiporum lactifloreus), dorsal view. p.p., Proboscis pore; b., brain giving off the lateral nerve-cords (n.); po., oesophageal pocket; p., proboscis lying within its sheath; st., stilet of proboscis; m., retractor muscles of proboscis; g., gut shown in outline at the sides of proboscis; e., the three main, longitudinal blood vessels, which unite both anteriorly and posteriorly." -Thomson, 1916

Nemertea

"Diagrammatic longitudinal section of a Nemertean (Amphiporum lactifloreus), dorsal view. p.p., Proboscis…

"Cross-section through Ascaris. d.n., Dorsal nerve; n.c., non-contractile portion of muscle cells; c., cuticle; e., epidermis; l.l., lateral line; e.v., excretory vessel; m., contractile portion of muscle cells; v.n., ventral nerve; ov., ovary; ut., uterus; g., gut." -Thomson, 1916

Ascaris

"Cross-section through Ascaris. d.n., Dorsal nerve; n.c., non-contractile portion of muscle cells; c.,…

"Diagram of the structure of a male Nematode. M., mouth; OE., oesophogus; GA., nerve ring; B., bulb at lower end of fore-gut; G., mesenteron; SP., spine with sheath; A., anus; D., ejaculatory duct; VS., seminal vesicle; T., testis; ET., longitudinal excretory tube, cut short; EP., excretory pore." -Thomson, 1916

Nematode

"Diagram of the structure of a male Nematode. M., mouth; OE., oesophogus; GA., nerve ring; B., bulb…

"Transverse section of earthworm. A., Cuticle; B., epidermis; C.M., circular muscles; L.M., longitudinal muscles; D., a seta; C., coelom; Y.C., yellow cells; F., typhlosole; V.V., supra-neural blood vessel; S.V., sub-neural vessel; D.V., dorsal vessel; P., peritoneum; E., cavity of gut; G., endodermic lining of gut; N., part of a nephridium; R., opening of a nephridium; I., the nerve-cord; J., a nerve given off; K., giant fibres in the nerve-cord." -Thomson, 1916

Earthworm

"Transverse section of earthworm. A., Cuticle; B., epidermis; C.M., circular muscles; L.M., longitudinal…

"Reproductive organs of earthworm. N., Nerve cord; T., anterior testes; S., sacs of setae; R.S., receptacula seminis; s.f., seminal funnels; v.d., vas deferens; ovd., oviduct; ov., ovary; sv., seminal vesicles cut open; VIII.-XV., segmens" -Thomson, 1916

Earthworm Reproductive Organs

"Reproductive organs of earthworm. N., Nerve cord; T., anterior testes; S., sacs of setae; R.S., receptacula…

"Dissection of lob-worm from dorsal surface. m., Opening of retracted buccal cavity; i., gullet; gl., diverticula on first diaphragm; gl''., oesophageal glands; d., dorsal blood vessels; ef1., first efferent branchial; g., stomach intestine; n6., sixth nephridium; ef 13., thirteenth efferent branchial; af13., thirteenth afferent branchial; a., anus; af1., first afferent branchial; h., heart of left side." -Thomson, 1916

Lob Worm

"Dissection of lob-worm from dorsal surface. m., Opening of retracted buccal cavity; i., gullet; gl.,…

"Cross-section of Arenicola. E., Epidermis; c.m., circular muscles; l.m., longitudinal muscles; b.c., body cavity; gl., gill; s., setae; n.p., nephridial pore; a.br., afferent branchial; e.br., efferent branchial; n., ventral nerve-cord, with blood vessels above; d.v., dorsal vessel; l.v., lateral vessel; s.i.v., sub-intestinal vessels; v.v., ventral vessel; g., gut." -Thomson, 1916

Arenicola

"Cross-section of Arenicola. E., Epidermis; c.m., circular muscles; l.m., longitudinal muscles; b.c.,…

"Transverse section of leech. c., Cuticle; e., epidermis; c.m., dermis and outer muscles (circular and oblique); l.m., longitudinal muscles (the peculiar connective tissue is hardly indicated); r.m., radial muscles; l.v., lateral blood vessel; d.s., dorsal sinus; v.s., ventral sinus enclosing nerve-cord (n.); g., median part of crop, with lateral pockets (p.); t., testis; f., nephridial funnels; v.d., vas deferens." -Thomson, 1916

Leech Section

"Transverse section of leech. c., Cuticle; e., epidermis; c.m., dermis and outer muscles (circular and…

"Alimentary system of leech. m., Mouth; cr6., sixth crop-pocket; cr11., last crop-pocket; v., rectum; s., posterior sucker." -Thomson, 1916

Leech

"Alimentary system of leech. m., Mouth; cr6., sixth crop-pocket; cr11., last crop-pocket; v., rectum;…

"Dissection of leech. c.g., Cerebral ganglia; p., penis; s.v. is opposite the semminal vesicle; ov., ovary; ut., uterus; v.d., vas deferens; l.b.v., lateral blood vessel; T.4, fourth testis; n.v., nephridial vesicle; N.17, last nephridium; G.19, nineteenth pair of ganglia; n.c., nerve-cord." -Thomson, 1916

Leech Dissection

"Dissection of leech. c.g., Cerebral ganglia; p., penis; s.v. is opposite the semminal vesicle; ov.,…

"Phoronis...TR., Trunk; TE., tentacles; TU., tube." -Thomson, 1916

Phoronis

"Phoronis...TR., Trunk; TE., tentacles; TU., tube." -Thomson, 1916

"Diagram of an Ectoproctous Polyzoon (Plumatella). L., Lophophore; PH., pharynx; A., anus; S., stomach; M., retractor muscle; F., funiculus, a cord of mesodermic tissue; O., cells that form "statoblast" buds; B., an ordinary bud; E., epistome over the mouth; T., tentacles; Sh., outer wall of zooecium." -Thomson, 1916

Plumatella

"Diagram of an Ectoproctous Polyzoon (Plumatella). L., Lophophore; PH., pharynx; A., anus; S., stomach;…

"Starfish. I. Ventral surface; t.f., tube-feet extended; a.g., the ambulacral groove with the tube-feet retracted; m., the mouth. II. Dorsal surface, showing the position of the madrepore (M.); the two adjacent arms form the bivium." -Thomson, 1916

Starfish

"Starfish. I. Ventral surface; t.f., tube-feet extended; a.g., the ambulacral groove with the tube-feet…

"Diagrammatic cross-section of starfish arm. n., Radial nerve; b.v., radial blood vessel according to Ludwig, septum in pseud-haemal vessel according to others; w.v., radial water vessel; am., ampulla; t.f., tube-foot; p.c., a pyloric caecum cut across; s.p., a calcareous spine; g., a skin-gill; lac., spaces in the wall; go., ova in ovary; a.o., ambulacral ossicle." -Thomson, 1916

Starfish Arm

"Diagrammatic cross-section of starfish arm. n., Radial nerve; b.v., radial blood vessel according to…

"Ventral surface of disc of an Ophiuroid (Ophiothrix fragilis). g., Openings of genital pockets or bursae; m., mouth; v., ventral plates of arms; sp., spines of arms; tf., tube-feet--at the right side these are represented as retracted; o., the opening through which they are protruded; p., plates around mouth bearing the so-called teeth; one of these plates is perforated, and functions as the madreporite." -Thomson, 1916

Ophiuroid

"Ventral surface of disc of an Ophiuroid (Ophiothrix fragilis). g., Openings of genital pockets or bursae;…

"Apical disc of sea-urchin. In the centre is the periproct bearing the anus; around it are five genital or inter-radial plates (g.), one of which is modified as the madreporite (m.); beyond these five ocular or radial plates (o.); i.r.a., an inter-radial or inter-ambulacral area, with spines only; r.a., a radial or ambulacral area, with spines and openings for tube-feet." -Thomson, 1916

Sea Urchin

"Apical disc of sea-urchin. In the centre is the periproct bearing the anus; around it are five genital…

"Dissection of Holothurian (Holothuria tubulosa) from the ventral surface." t, tentacles; tf, scattered tube-feet; c, calcareous ring; a, ampullae of tentacles; r, circular vessel; st, stone canal; o, Polian vesicle; rc, radial canals; lm, longitudinal muscles; g1-g2, gut; m, mesentery; cl, cloaca; an, anus; rt, right respiratory tree; ov, ovary. -Thomson, 1916

Holothurian Dissection

"Dissection of Holothurian (Holothuria tubulosa) from the ventral surface." t, tentacles; tf, scattered…

"Diagrammatic vertical section through disc and base of one of the arms of Antedon rosacea. The section is inter-radial on the left, radial on the right. t., Ciliated openings in body wall; h., sub-epithelial ambulacral nerve; l., water-vascular canal; k., tentacle; r., mouth; s., intestine; g., central plexus, with "chambered organ" at its base; f., coelom; R1.-R3., radial plates; Br., brachial plates; u., muscle; a., axial nerve-cord; d., central capsule; C.D., centro-dorsal plate; p., cirri; e., nerve branches from central capsule to cirri." -Thomson, 1916

A. Rosacea Arm

"Diagrammatic vertical section through disc and base of one of the arms of Antedon rosacea. The section…

"Appendages of Norway lobster. Ex., Exopodite: En., endopodite; protopodite dark throughout; Ep., epipodite. 1. Antennule--E., position of ear; 2., antenna--K., opening of kidney; 3. mandible--P., palp; 4. first maxilla; 5. second maxilla--B., baler; 6. first maxillipede; 7. second maxillipede; 8. third maxillipede--the basal joint of the protopodite is called coxopodite, the next basipodite; the five joints of the endopodite are called--ischiopodite (i.); meropodite (m.); carpopodite (c.); propodite (p.); dactylopodite (d.); 9. forceps--(7) coxopodite; (6) basipodite, the joints of the endopodite are numbered; 10-13. walking legs; 14. modified male appendage; 15-18. small swimmerets; 19. large paddles." -Thomson, 1916

Norway Lobster Appendages

"Appendages of Norway lobster. Ex., Exopodite: En., endopodite; protopodite dark throughout; Ep., epipodite.…

"Longitudinal section of lobster, showing some of the organs. H., Heart; AO., ophthalmic artery; SA., superior abdominal artery; MG., mid-gut; DG., digestive gland; HG., hind-gut; Ex., extensor muscles of he tail; Fl., flexor muscles of the tail; IA., inferior abdominal artery; G., gizzard; C., cerebral ganglia; P., pericardium; T., testes." -Thomson, 1916

Lobster Organs

"Longitudinal section of lobster, showing some of the organs. H., Heart; AO., ophthalmic artery; SA.,…

"Section through cephalothorax of a crab. H., Heart; Te., extension of the tergum; ST., sternum; PL., pleuron; T., tendons; 1st W.L., insertion of first walking leg; Br., gill in gill-chamber; g., gut; d.a., descending artery; A., afferent branchial; E., efferent branchial." -Thomson, 1916

Crab Cephalothorax

"Section through cephalothorax of a crab. H., Heart; Te., extension of the tergum; ST., sternum; PL.,…

"Dorsal aspect of swimming crab (Portunus). P., Paddle; Abd., abdomen; A1., antennules; A2., antennae; E., eyes; F., forceps." -Thomson, 1916

Swimming Crab

"Dorsal aspect of swimming crab (Portunus). P., Paddle; Abd., abdomen; A1., antennules; A2., antennae;…

"Dorsal aspect of shore crab (Carcinnus). Abd., Abdomen; A1., antennules; A2., antennae; E., eyes; F., forceps." -Thomson, 1916

Shore Crab

"Dorsal aspect of shore crab (Carcinnus). Abd., Abdomen; A1., antennules; A2., antennae; E., eyes; F.,…