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When used in a nautical sense, a cutter is a small single-masted vessel, fore-and-aft rigged, with two or more headsails, a bowsprit, and a mast set further back than in a sloop.

Cutter

When used in a nautical sense, a cutter is a small single-masted vessel, fore-and-aft rigged, with two…

A standard diving dress consists of a metallic (copper, brass or bronze) diving helmet, an airline or hose from a surface supplied diving air pump, a canvas diving suit, diving knife and boots. An important part of the equipment is the addition of lead weights, generally on the chest, back and boots, to counteract the buoyancy of the helmet and diving suit.

Standard Diving Dress

A standard diving dress consists of a metallic (copper, brass or bronze) diving helmet, an airline or…

The coach that belonged to the first President of the United States, George Washington. A coach was originally a large, usually closed, four-wheeled carriage with two or more horses harnessed as a team, controlled by a coachman and/or one or more postilions. It had doors in the sides, with generally a front and a back seat inside and, for the driver, a small, usually elevated seat in front called a box, box seat or coach box.

Washington's Coach

The coach that belonged to the first President of the United States, George Washington. A coach was…

The Screamers are a small family of birds, the Anhimidae.The three species occur only in South America, ranging from Venezuela to northern Argentina. They are large, bulky birds, with a small downy head, long legs and large feet which are only partially webbed. They have large spurs on their wings which are used in fights over mates and territorial disputes, these can break off in the breast of other screamers, and are regularly renewed.

Screamer

The Screamers are a small family of birds, the Anhimidae.The three species occur only in South America,…

The Martial Eagle (Polemaetus bellicosus), is Africa's largest eagle and is the only member of the genus Polemaetus. t is a very large eagle, with a length of 76-90 cm (30-36 in), an average weight of 5.2 kg (11.6 lbs) and a wingspan of 190-260 cm (6.25-8.5 ft). The adult's plumage has dark brown upperparts, head and upper chest. The body underparts are white streaked with black. The underwing coverts are brown, with pale flight feathers, also streaked with black. The female is usually larger and more streaked than the male. The immature is paler above and has white underparts. It reaches adult plumage in its seventh year.

Martial Eagle

The Martial Eagle (Polemaetus bellicosus), is Africa's largest eagle and is the only member of the genus…

An illustration of a wood statue of a man dated back to 2600 B. C.

Statue of Man

An illustration of a wood statue of a man dated back to 2600 B. C.

A Sphinx is a zoomorphic mythological figure which is depicted as a recumbent lion with a human head.

Sphinx

A Sphinx is a zoomorphic mythological figure which is depicted as a recumbent lion with a human head.

For his valor and victory at Cowpens, Washington received a silver medal awarded by the Continental Congress executed under the direction of Thomas Jefferson. The unique silver medal was designed by French medallic artists Du Pre and De Vivier.

Silver Medal Awarded to William Washington, Back

For his valor and victory at Cowpens, Washington received a silver medal awarded by the Continental…

Diagrammatic sections of the ideal vertebrate. A, sagittal section showing the brain and spinal cord on the dorsal side of the notochord, and the alimentary canal and viscera on the ventral side of it. B, transverse section of the head, showing a gill arch and filaments of the left and a gill cleft on the right. C, transverse section of the trunk, showing the gut, the genital glands, and the excretory organs in the body cavity. D, transverse section of the tail.

Section of Vertebrate

Diagrammatic sections of the ideal vertebrate. A, sagittal section showing the brain and spinal cord…

Longitudinal section through the pineal eye of a lizard. The eye is located in the middle of the dorsal side of the head and is covered by the translucent scaled. The outer wall of the eye vesicle is thickened to form a lens, while the inner pigmented wall is the retina from which the nerve proceeds.

Eye of a Lizard

Longitudinal section through the pineal eye of a lizard. The eye is located in the middle of the dorsal…

Although he did not explicitly seek the office of commander and even claimed that he was not equal to it, there was no serious competition. Congress created the Continental Army on June 14, 1775; the next day, on the nomination of John Adams of Massachusetts, Washington was appointed Major General and elected by Congress to be Commander-in-chief.

Washington Taking Command of the Army

Although he did not explicitly seek the office of commander and even claimed that he was not equal to…

Washington used the home as his headquarters and home while he planned the Siege of Boston between July 1775 and April 1776. During his time there, Washington was visited by John Adams and Abigail Adams, Benedict Arnold, Henry Knox, and Nathaniel Greene. Martha Washington joined her husband in December 1775 and the two stayed in the house until March 1776. On Twelfth Night in January 1776, the couple celebrated their wedding anniversary in the home.

Washington's Headquarters at Cambridge, 1775

Washington used the home as his headquarters and home while he planned the Siege of Boston between July…

Following the Battle of Plattsburgh and the end of the War of 1812, a Congressional Gold Medal honoring Alexander Macomb and his men was struck by Act of Congress.

Macomb's Medal (back)

Following the Battle of Plattsburgh and the end of the War of 1812, a Congressional Gold Medal honoring…

Since the American Revolution, Congress has commissioned gold medals as its highest expression of national appreciation for distinguished achievements and contributions. Each medal honors a particular individual, institution, or event. The medal was first awarded in 1776 by the Second Continental Congress to then-General George Washington during the American Revolutionary War.

Washington's Congressional Gold Medal, Back

Since the American Revolution, Congress has commissioned gold medals as its highest expression of national…

The Morris-Jumel Mansion (also known as the Roger and Mary Philipse Morris House), located in historic Washington Heights, is the oldest house in Manhattan. It served as a headquarters for both sides in the American Revolution. Between September 14 and October 20, 1776, General George Washington used the mansion as his temporary headquarters after he and his army were forced to evacuate Brooklyn Heights following their loss to the British Army under the command of General William Howe in the Battle of Long Island.

Washington's Headquarters at New York

The Morris-Jumel Mansion (also known as the Roger and Mary Philipse Morris House), located in historic…

The Ford Mansion is part of the Morristown National Historical Park, and is located on a hilltop in Morristown, New Jersey. The Ford Mansion was the "hard winter" (from December 1779 - May 1780) quarters of George Washington and the Continental Army. That winter remains the coldest on record for New Jersey.

Washington's Headquarters at Morristown

The Ford Mansion is part of the Morristown National Historical Park, and is located on a hilltop in…

Johnston Blakeley (October 1781 - October 1814) was an officer in the United States Navy during the Quasi-War with France and the War of 1812. After service in President during the Quasi-War with France and command of Enterprise early in the War of 1812, Master Commandant Blakeley was appointed to command of the newly built sloop-of-war Wasp. In 1814, he made a very successful cruise which included the capture of HMS Reindeer. Wasp was last heard of 9 October 1814 and is believed to have foundered in a gale. Blakeley received the thanks of Thanks of Congress, a gold medal, and posthumous advancement to Captain for his last cruise.

Johnston Blakeley's Medal (Back)

Johnston Blakeley (October 1781 - October 1814) was an officer in the United States Navy during the…

Anthony Wayne (January 1, 1745–December 15, 1796) was a United States Army general and statesman. Wayne adopted a military career at the outset of the American Revolutionary War, where his military exploits and fiery personality quickly earned him a promotion to the rank of brigadier general and the sobriquet of "Mad Anthony".

General Anthony Wayne's Gold Medal (Back)

Anthony Wayne (January 1, 1745–December 15, 1796) was a United States Army general and statesman.…

Valeriano Weyler Nicolau, marqués de Tenerife (17 September 1838 – 20 October 1930) was a Spanish soldier. Weyler was born at Palma de Majorca on 17 September 1838 to a Spanish mother and a German father, who was a military doctor, and educated in Granada. He served as Governor General of the Philippines and Cuba. His family was originally Prussian, and served in the Spanish army for several generations. He entered at sixteen the military college of infantry at Toledo, and, when he attained the rank of lieutenant, passed into the staff college, from which he came out as the head of his class. Two years afterwards he became captain, and was sent to Cuba at his own request.

Valeriano Weyler

Valeriano Weyler Nicolau, marqués de Tenerife (17 September 1838 – 20 October 1930) was a Spanish…

Posterior view of a left femur of a horse. Labels: 1, head; 2, trochanter major; 3, trochanter minor; 4, trochanter internus; 5, notch for the round ligament; 6, trochanteric fossa; 7, 8, places for attachment for the laterla ligaments; 11, the condlyes, separated by the intercondyloid groove; 10, supracondyloid fossae.

Femur of a Horse

Posterior view of a left femur of a horse. Labels: 1, head; 2, trochanter major; 3, trochanter minor;…

Skull of an ox, superior aspect. Labels: a, frontal crest; b, lateral crest; c, horn core; d, nasal peak; e, supraorbital foramina. Bones: 1, frontal; 2, lachrymal; 3, malar; 4, superior maxillary; 5, nasal; 6, premaxilla, with incisive openings.

Ox Skull

Skull of an ox, superior aspect. Labels: a, frontal crest; b, lateral crest; c, horn core; d, nasal…

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a highly branched, herbaceous, thistle-like annual, usually with many long sharp spines on the leaves. Plants are 30 to 150 cm tall with globular flower heads (capitula) and commonly, brilliant yellow, orange or red flowers which bloom in July. Each branch will usually have from one to five flower heads containing 15 to 20 seeds per head. Safflower has a strong taproot which enables it to thrive in dry climates, but the plant is very susceptible to frost injury from stem elongation to maturity.

Safflower

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a highly branched, herbaceous, thistle-like annual, usually with…

This carriage bolt has a rounded head and a slotted drive.

Carriage Bolt

This carriage bolt has a rounded head and a slotted drive.

"Screw-punch. a, bed; b, yoke, on the inner sides of which are slides for the cross-head c; d, the punch proper; e, nut for the screw; f, weighted lever by which the screw is made to exert its power upon the punch d." -Whitney, 1911

Screw Punch

"Screw-punch. a, bed; b, yoke, on the inner sides of which are slides for the cross-head c; d, the punch…

A hex bolt used in carpentry is identified by its hexagonal head and (shown here) fully threaded.

Hex Bolt

A hex bolt used in carpentry is identified by its hexagonal head and (shown here) fully threaded.

A carriage bolt with a truss head and a wing nut.

Truss Carriage Bolt and Wing Nut

A carriage bolt with a truss head and a wing nut.

While Washington was inspecting the terrain, seeing where it was best to station his troops, he ran into several light horseman and told him that the British were advancing. Washington rode back to camp to prepare his men. He quickly stationed a couple hundred Continentals and a couple of artillery pieces onto Chatterton Hill, to support the militia. The skirmishers, who had the job of slowing the British advance, retired soon after Washington reinforced Chatterton Hill.

Chatterton's Hill, From the Railway Station

While Washington was inspecting the terrain, seeing where it was best to station his troops, he ran…

A medal commemorative of the Treaty of Ghent ending the War of 1812.

Medal Commemorative of the Treaty of Peace (Back)

A medal commemorative of the Treaty of Ghent ending the War of 1812.

A medal of gratitude struck to celebrate the Treaty of Ghent ending the War of 1812.

Medal of Gratitude (Back)

A medal of gratitude struck to celebrate the Treaty of Ghent ending the War of 1812.

Lewis Warrington (3 November 1782 – 12 October 1851) was an officer in the United States Navy during the Barbary Wars and the War of 1812. He was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal.

Warrington Medal (back)

Lewis Warrington (3 November 1782 – 12 October 1851) was an officer in the United States Navy…

The College of William and Mary is a public university located in Williamsburg, Virginia, United States. It is the second-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and is one of the original eight institutions known as Public Ivies. William & Mary educated U.S. Presidents Thomas Jefferson, James Monroe, and John Tyler as well as other key figures important to the development of the nation, including U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshall, Speaker of the House Henry Clay and 16 signers of the Declaration of Independence. W&M educated future MIT founder William Barton Rogers. U.S. President George Washington received his surveyor's certificate there and noted legal scholar George Wythe was both an early student and, later, the first head of W&M's law school.

William and Mary College (1723)

The College of William and Mary is a public university located in Williamsburg, Virginia, United States.…

A wood screw with a flat head and slotted drive. Wood screws are unthreaded below the head and designed for attaching two pieces of wood.

Wood Screw

A wood screw with a flat head and slotted drive. Wood screws are unthreaded below the head and designed…

A wood screw with a flat head and slotted drive. Wood screws are unthreaded below the head and designed for attaching two pieces of wood.

Wood Screw

A wood screw with a flat head and slotted drive. Wood screws are unthreaded below the head and designed…

A wood screw with a flat head and slotted drive. Wood screws are unthreaded below the head and designed for attaching two pieces of wood.

Wood Screw

A wood screw with a flat head and slotted drive. Wood screws are unthreaded below the head and designed…

Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium; syn. Chrysanthemum parthenium) is a traditional medicinal herb which is found in many old gardens, and is also occasionally grown for ornament. The plant grows into a small bush up to around 18 inches high, with citrus-scented leaves and is covered by flowers reminiscent of daisies. It spreads rapidly, and they will cover a wide area after a few years. Feverfew has been used for reducing fever, for treating headaches, arthritis and digestive problems. It is hypothesized that by inhibiting the release of serotonin and prostaglandins, both of which are believed to aid the onset of migraines, feverfew limits the inflammation of blood vessels in the head. This would, in theory, stop the blood vessel spasm which is believed to contribute to headaches.

Feverfew

Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium; syn. Chrysanthemum parthenium) is a traditional medicinal herb which…

Flounder (also; fluke) are flatfish that live in ocean waters ie., Northern Atlantic and waters along the east coast of the United States and Canada, and the Pacific Ocean, as well. While flounders have both eyes situated on one side of the head, they are not born this way. Their life involves metamorphosis. During metamorphosis, one eye migrates to the other side of the body so that both eyes are situated on the upward-facing side of its body. After metamorphosis, flounder lie on one side on the ocean floor; either the left or right side might face upward depending on the species.

Flounder

Flounder (also; fluke) are flatfish that live in ocean waters ie., Northern Atlantic and waters along…

Anglerfish are the members of the order Lophiiformes. They are bony fish named for their characteristic mode of predation, wherein a fleshy growth from the fish's head (the esca) acts as a lure; this is considered analogous to angling. Some anglerfish are pelagic (live in the open water), others are benthic (bottom-dwelling). Some live in the deep sea (e.g. Ceratiidae) and others on the continental shelf (e.g. the frogfishes Antennariidae and the monkfish/goosefish Lophiidae). They occur worldwide. Pelagic forms are most laterally (sideways) compressed whereas the benthic forms are often extremely dorsoventrally compressed (depressed) often with large upward pointing mouths.

Anglerfish

Anglerfish are the members of the order Lophiiformes. They are bony fish named for their characteristic…

The three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus aculeatus, common in Northern Temperate Climates around the world including Europe, Alaska, and Japan and colloquially known in United Kingdom as the "tiddler", or "sprick". In Southern Ireland they are commonly known as "pinkeens" due to the reddish colour of the male three spined stickleback's throat during breathing season.

Stickleback

The three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus aculeatus, common in Northern Temperate Climates…

The Hooded Seal (Crystophora cristata) is an arctic seal in the Phocidae family of true seal. It is identified by the large bulge on its head.

Hooded Seal

The Hooded Seal (Crystophora cristata) is an arctic seal in the Phocidae family of true seal. It is…

Jerusalem is the capital of Israel and its largest city in both population and area. Located in the Judean Mountains, between the Mediterranean Sea and the northern tip of the Dead Sea, modern Jerusalem has grown up outside the Old City. The city has a history that goes back to the 4th millennium BCE, making it one of the oldest cities in the world. Jerusalem has been the holiest city in Judaism and the spiritual center of the Jewish people since the 10th century BCE, contains a number of significant ancient Christian sites, and is considered the third-holiest city in Islam.

A View of Jerusalem

Jerusalem is the capital of Israel and its largest city in both population and area. Located in the…

"A skull-cap of steel worn sometimes under and sometimes over the camail." -Whitney, 1911

Secret

"A skull-cap of steel worn sometimes under and sometimes over the camail." -Whitney, 1911

The Karnak temple complex, universally known only as Karnak, describes a vast conglomeration of ruined temples, chapels, pylons and other buildings. It is located near Luxor in Egypt. This was ancient Egyptian Ipet-isut ("The Most Selected of Places"), the main place of worship of the Theban Triad with Amun as its head, in the monumental city of Thebes.

Temple of Karnak

The Karnak temple complex, universally known only as Karnak, describes a vast conglomeration of ruined…

Pieter Schuyler (September 17, 1657 – February 19, 1724) was the mayor of Albany, New York and the head of the Albany Commissioners for Indian Affairs. He served as acting governor of New York in 1709 and from 1719-1720.

Peter Schuyler

Pieter Schuyler (September 17, 1657 – February 19, 1724) was the mayor of Albany, New York and the…

The Congressional Gold Medal awarded to General Winfield Scott.

Gold Medal Awarded to Winfield Scott (Back)

The Congressional Gold Medal awarded to General Winfield Scott.

The Great Seal of the United States is used to authenticate certain documents issued by the United States federal government.

First Great Seal of the United States (Back)

The Great Seal of the United States is used to authenticate certain documents issued by the United States…

The Congressional Gold Medal awarded to Isaac Shelby.

Medal Presented to Isaac Shelby (Back)

The Congressional Gold Medal awarded to Isaac Shelby.

The Congressional Gold Medal presented to Major George Croghan.

Croghan's Medal (Back)

The Congressional Gold Medal presented to Major George Croghan.

An illustration of a gold crown created by "pure hammered gold cut into thin plates, attached to rings by double gold wires, and fastened together at the back with thin twisted wire" (Britannica, 1910).

Gold Crown

An illustration of a gold crown created by "pure hammered gold cut into thin plates, attached to rings…

An illustration of a mechanical kettledrum showing the system of cords inside. Timpani (also known colloquially as kettledrums or kettle drums) are musical instruments in the percussion family. A type of drum, they consist of a skin called a head stretched over a large bowl commonly made of copper. They are played by striking the head with a specialized drum stick called a timpani stick or timpani mallet. Unlike most drums, they produce a definite pitch when struck, and can be tuned, often with the use of a pedal. Timpani evolved from military drums to become a staple of the classical orchestra by the last third of the 18th century. Today, they are used in many types of musical ensembles including concert, marching, and even some rock bands.

Mechanical Kettledrum

An illustration of a mechanical kettledrum showing the system of cords inside. Timpani (also known colloquially…

An illustration of medieval kettledrums in the 14th century. Timpani (also known colloquially as kettledrums or kettle drums) are musical instruments in the percussion family. A type of drum, they consist of a skin called a head stretched over a large bowl commonly made of copper. They are played by striking the head with a specialized drum stick called a timpani stick or timpani mallet. Unlike most drums, they produce a definite pitch when struck, and can be tuned, often with the use of a pedal. Timpani evolved from military drums to become a staple of the classical orchestra by the last third of the 18th century. Today, they are used in many types of musical ensembles including concert, marching, and even some rock bands.

Medieval Kettledrum

An illustration of medieval kettledrums in the 14th century. Timpani (also known colloquially as kettledrums…

"Blackwall -- Form a bight at the end of a rope, put the good of a tackle through the bight so that the end of the rope may be jammed between the standing part and the back of the hook." -Britannica, 1910

Blackwall Hitch

"Blackwall -- Form a bight at the end of a rope, put the good of a tackle through the bight so that…

"Turk's Head -- With fine line (very dry) make a clove hitch round the rope; cross the bights twice, passing an end the reverse way (up or down) each time; then keeping the whole spread flat, let each end follow it own part round and round till it is too tight to received any more." -Britannica, 1910

Turk's Head

"Turk's Head -- With fine line (very dry) make a clove hitch round the rope; cross the bights twice,…

"Slings -- This is simply the bight of a rope turned up over its own part; it is frequently made of chain, when a shackle (bow up) takes the place of the bight at s and another at y, connecting the two ends with the part which goes round the mast-head." -Britannica, 1910

Slings

"Slings -- This is simply the bight of a rope turned up over its own part; it is frequently made of…

"Sprit-Sail Sheet Knot -- This knot consists of a double wall and double crown made by the two ends, consequently with six strands, with the ends turned down. Used formerly in the clews of sails, now as an excellent stopper, a lashing or shackle being placed at s and a lanyard round the head at l." -Britannica, 1910

Sprit-Sail Sheet Knot

"Sprit-Sail Sheet Knot -- This knot consists of a double wall and double crown made by the two ends,…

The palais du Louvre in Paris, on the Right Bank of the Seine is a former royal palace, situated between the Tuileries Gardens and the church of Saint-Germain l'Auxerrois. Its origins date back to the medieval period and its present structure has evolved in stages since the sixteenth century.

Plan of Louvre and Tuileries, Paris

The palais du Louvre in Paris, on the Right Bank of the Seine is a former royal palace, situated between…

"Racking Seizing -- A running eye having been spliced round one part of the rope, the ine is passed entirely round the other part, crossed back round the first part, and so for ten to twenty turns..." -Britannica, 1910

Racking Seizing

"Racking Seizing -- A running eye having been spliced round one part of the rope, the ine is passed…

"Sheep-Shank -- Formed by making a long bight in a topgallant back stay, or any rope which it is desirable to shorten, and taking a half-hitch near each bend, as at a, a. Rope-yarn stops at b, b are desirable to keep it in place till the strain is brought up on it. Wire rope cannot be so treated, and it is injurious to hemp rope that is large and stiff." -Britannica, 1910

Sheep-Shank

"Sheep-Shank -- Formed by making a long bight in a topgallant back stay, or any rope which it is desirable…

Back view of a diving helmet.

Diving Helmet (Back)

Back view of a diving helmet.

The Fort Sumter medal executed by order of the New York Chamber of Commerce in recognition of the Battle of Fort Sumter during the American Civil War.

Fort Sumter Medal (Back)

The Fort Sumter medal executed by order of the New York Chamber of Commerce in recognition of the Battle…

Right infero-lateral view of the muscles of the maxillary space, the ramus and hyoid cornu are cut away. Labels: a, lingualis; b, hyo-glossus longus; c, ho-glossus brevis; d, genio-hyo-glossus; e, genio-hyoideus; f, stylo-hyoideus; g, hyoideus magnus; h, levator palati; i, tensor palati; k, pharyngostaphylinus; l, pterygo-pharyngeus; m, kerato-pharyngeus; n, hyo-pharyngeus; o, thyro-pharyngeus; p, crico-pharyngeus; q, esophagus.

Muscles of the Maxillary Space of a Horse

Right infero-lateral view of the muscles of the maxillary space, the ramus and hyoid cornu are cut away.…