ClipArt ETC
Various forms of cabbage. Top left: Jersey kale, bottom left: wild cabbage, right: Georgia collard. These images are drawn on the same scale.

Cabbage Plant

Various forms of cabbage. Top left: Jersey kale, bottom left: wild cabbage, right: Georgia collard.…

Various cabbage plants drawn on the same scale. Upper left: Brussels sprouts, lower left: cabbage, upper right: Swede turnip, middle right: Kohlrabi, bottom right: cauliflower

Cabbage Plant

Various cabbage plants drawn on the same scale. Upper left: Brussels sprouts, lower left: cabbage, upper…

The digestive system of a fowl. 1 is the tongue, 3 is the crop, 6 is the gizzard, 10 is the small intestine, 1 is the pancreas, 16 is the liver, 17 is the gall bladder, and 18 is the spleen. All other organs are analogous to organs of humans

Fowl Digestion

The digestive system of a fowl. 1 is the tongue, 3 is the crop, 6 is the gizzard, 10 is the small intestine,…

Human lungs. 1 and 2 make up the larynx, or voice box. 1 is thyroid cartilage, 2 is cricoid cartilage. A thin layer is held stretched from the top of the thyroid cartilage and extends to the hyoid bone, which is the only bone in the body that is not connected to another bone.

Human Lungs

Human lungs. 1 and 2 make up the larynx, or voice box. 1 is thyroid cartilage, 2 is cricoid cartilage.…

Different types of horse breeds. Left is a draft horse, middle is a Shetland pony, and the right is a trotter.

Horse Breeds

Different types of horse breeds. Left is a draft horse, middle is a Shetland pony, and the right is…

Image of a bucking bronco with a rider.

Bucking Bronco

Image of a bucking bronco with a rider.

A diagram which shows how cows are cut. Various sections of the cow body are labelled with respect to the final product.

Meat of Cow

A diagram which shows how cows are cut. Various sections of the cow body are labelled with respect to…

A Texas Longhorn. They are characterized by their horns, which can grow up to 7 feet for a cow, or 36 - 80 inches for a bull.

Texas Longhorn

A Texas Longhorn. They are characterized by their horns, which can grow up to 7 feet for a cow, or 36…

A hog that is raised for its lard, or pig fat.

A Lard Hog

A hog that is raised for its lard, or pig fat.

A diagram showing how a pig is cut for meats. The body of the pig is labelled with respect to the finished meat product.

Pig Diagram

A diagram showing how a pig is cut for meats. The body of the pig is labelled with respect to the finished…

Various breeds of dogs. Far left: St. Bernard, left: spaniel, right: dachshund, far right: greyhound.

Various Dog Breeds

Various breeds of dogs. Far left: St. Bernard, left: spaniel, right: dachshund, far right: greyhound.

Kinds of fowl. Far left: light Brahma, behind Brahma: bantam, middle: long-tailed oriental fowl, right: jungle fowl, etc.

Kinds of Fowl

Kinds of fowl. Far left: light Brahma, behind Brahma: bantam, middle: long-tailed oriental fowl, right:…

If a lead ball and a piece of paper are placed into a glass tube in which all the air has been exhausted, then when the tube is inverted, both the ball and the piece of paper will fall at exactly the same time.

Falling Bodies

If a lead ball and a piece of paper are placed into a glass tube in which all the air has been exhausted,…

If w and W are two weights, then their center of gravity c is as shown. The moment of W about C should equal the moment of w about C. W X CW = w X Cw. The center of gravity is the average location of the weight of an object.

Center of Gravity

If w and W are two weights, then their center of gravity c is as shown. The moment of W about C should…

Finding the center of gravity of any number of bodies when their weights and distances apart of their centers of gravity are known. The center of gravity is the average location C of the weight of an object.

Center of Gravity

Finding the center of gravity of any number of bodies when their weights and distances apart of their…

Finding the center of gravity of a parallelogram. The point of intersection C is the center of gravity.

Center of Gravity

Finding the center of gravity of a parallelogram. The point of intersection C is the center of gravity.

The center of gravity of a triangle is the point of intersection O of the midpoint lines.

Center of Gravity

The center of gravity of a triangle is the point of intersection O of the midpoint lines.

Finding the center of gravity of an irregular plane figure. Divide one of the parallel surfaces into a triangle, parallelogram, circle, etc., based on the shape of the figure. Find the area of each part and combine the centers of gravity found for each.

Center of Gravity

Finding the center of gravity of an irregular plane figure. Divide one of the parallel surfaces into…

The center of gravity C of a solid object that is capable of movement is in vertical line drawn through the point of support.

Center of Gravity

The center of gravity C of a solid object that is capable of movement is in vertical line drawn through…

When a vertical line is drawn to the center of gravity of an object, it is called the line of direction. As long as the line of direction falls within the base of the object, it will stand.

Center of Gravity

When a vertical line is drawn to the center of gravity of an object, it is called the line of direction.…

Images of different points about a fulcrum F. P is the power exerted on the object, W is the weight.

Simple Machines

Images of different points about a fulcrum F. P is the power exerted on the object, W is the weight.

Each of these are an example of the simple machine: lever. F c is the power arm and F w is the weight arm. W is the weight and P is power

Simple Machines

Each of these are an example of the simple machine: lever. F c is the power arm and F w is the weight…

A wheel and axle has two cylinders of different diameters that are connected so that they turn about a common axis. P is power, W is weight. The right figure is the front view of the left figure.

Simple Machine

A wheel and axle has two cylinders of different diameters that are connected so that they turn about…

A moveable pulley. What differs between a moveable pulley and a fixed pulley is the fact that a moveable pulley, as its name entails, has a moveable block.

Simple Machine

A moveable pulley. What differs between a moveable pulley and a fixed pulley is the fact that a moveable…

A complex moveable pulley. It consists of a fixed and moveable block.

Simple Machine

A complex moveable pulley. It consists of a fixed and moveable block.

A combination of pulleys. P is power exerted on the rope and W is the weight.

Simple Machine

A combination of pulleys. P is power exerted on the rope and W is the weight.

A simple inclined plane. The power multiplied by the length of the plane equals the weight multiplied by the height of the plane

Simple Machine

A simple inclined plane. The power multiplied by the length of the plane equals the weight multiplied…

An inclined plane with a different pulley system layout.

Simple Machine

An inclined plane with a different pulley system layout.

An inclined plane with an inverted pulley system. No rule can be given for the ratio of power to weight. It can be explained using the principle of resolution of forces.

Simple Machine

An inclined plane with an inverted pulley system. No rule can be given for the ratio of power to weight.…

A wedge is a moveable inclined plane that is used to move heavy materials short distances as shown in the image.

Simple Machine

A wedge is a moveable inclined plane that is used to move heavy materials short distances as shown in…

A screw is a cylinder with a groove wrapped helically around its circumference. The groove is called a thread and the distance that the thread is drawn is the pitch.

Simple Machine

A screw is a cylinder with a groove wrapped helically around its circumference. The groove is called…

Friction is the tendency of a body to resist movement when it is being moved on a surface. The coefficient of friction is the ratio between the resistance of the motion and the perpendicular pressure between the surfaces as shown. P/W

Elementary Mechanics

Friction is the tendency of a body to resist movement when it is being moved on a surface. The coefficient…

Hydrostatics is a branch of hydrodynamics that deals with the statics of fluids that are usually combined to an equilibrium and pressure of liquids. Image a is a vessel with a wooden block of the same size and image b, which has the same dimensions as image a, is filled with water and has a depth the same length as the wooden block. The pressure per square inch would be 100/10 = 10

Hydromechanics

Hydrostatics is a branch of hydrodynamics that deals with the statics of fluids that are usually combined…

Water that is placed in an apparatus will have equal pressure if the pistons pushing on it push at the same time with the same frequency.

Hydromechanics

Water that is placed in an apparatus will have equal pressure if the pistons pushing on it push at the…

The effects of lateral pressure. The lateral pressures of any two points of the surface of the apparatus and its opposite side are equal.

Lateral Pressure

The effects of lateral pressure. The lateral pressures of any two points of the surface of the apparatus…

A hydraulic press which uses a hydraulic cylinder to generate force. The inventor of the device, Joseph Bramah, had also developed the flush toilet and studied the motion of the fluids in the toilet and developed the press to test it. O is a lever, which forces down piston a upon the water in cylinder A. The water goes through tube d into the cylinder where piston C works, causing it to rise which lifts platform K and compresses bales.

Hydraulic Press

A hydraulic press which uses a hydraulic cylinder to generate force. The inventor of the device, Joseph…

Pressure upon an oblique surface. In the image, pressure acts on all sides of the surface equally.

Oblique Surfaces

Pressure upon an oblique surface. In the image, pressure acts on all sides of the surface equally.

An illustration of Archimedes Principle. "If a body is immersed in a fluid, it will lose in weight an amount equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces.

Archimedes Principle

An illustration of Archimedes Principle. "If a body is immersed in a fluid, it will lose in weight an…

A hydrometer of constant weight. This device measures the specific gravity of liquids. The specific gravity is the ratio of the density of the liquid to the density of the water

Hydrometer

A hydrometer of constant weight. This device measures the specific gravity of liquids. The specific…

A hollow cylinder carrying a basket at its lower end, which is heavy enough to keep the apparatus upright when placed in water. At the top of the apparatus is a pan for holding weights.

Nicholson's Hydrometer

A hollow cylinder carrying a basket at its lower end, which is heavy enough to keep the apparatus upright…

All liquids that wet solids that are placed in them will be lifted, while those that don't will be pushed down. This is an example using mercury and water. b is a glass tube in water, c is a glass tube in mercury. The surface of the water in b is concave, while the surface of the mercury is convex.

Capillary Attraction

All liquids that wet solids that are placed in them will be lifted, while those that don't will be pushed…

Velocity of Efflux. When an apparatus has holes tubes in them, the water that comes out will be the same height as the apparatus

Velocity of Efflux

Velocity of Efflux. When an apparatus has holes tubes in them, the water that comes out will be the…

water is issued from a hole in both vessels, one with a thin wall and one with a thick wall, the stream contracts a short distance from the vessel, and then expands again. This contraction is called a contracted vein, which was named by Sir Isaac Newton.

Contracted Vein

water is issued from a hole in both vessels, one with a thin wall and one with a thick wall, the stream…

If water is to be discharged and the inside edges are rounded and the tube is conical, then no contraction will take place.

Contracted Vein

If water is to be discharged and the inside edges are rounded and the tube is conical, then no contraction…

When the diameter of a tube is narrower in one part when compared to the other parts (a and b), then the efflux coefficient will be larger than the coefficient if the diameter were the same throughout the tube.

Hydromechanics

When the diameter of a tube is narrower in one part when compared to the other parts (a and b), then…

A weir is a rectangular orifice that is used to measure water discharge. In this example, the top of the weir is level with the top of the top of the box it is on.

Weir

A weir is a rectangular orifice that is used to measure water discharge. In this example, the top of…

Sprengel's vacuum pump. c d is a long glass tube. A is a funnel, R is a receiver, B is a flask and H is a dish. This vacuum pump was invented by Hanover native Hermann Sprengel in 1865

Vacuum Pump

Sprengel's vacuum pump. c d is a long glass tube. A is a funnel, R is a receiver, B is a flask and H…

An old fashioned weight lifter. A is a plug s the air stays compressed. B is the rod portion of a piston.

Weight Lifter

An old fashioned weight lifter. A is a plug s the air stays compressed. B is the rod portion of a piston.

A baroscope, which is a version of the barometer. It measures atmospheric pressure.

Pressure

A baroscope, which is a version of the barometer. It measures atmospheric pressure.

An air compressor. They come in many forms, most commonly in cylinder form - as shown. This image shows the inner workings of an air compressor

Air Compressor

An air compressor. They come in many forms, most commonly in cylinder form - as shown. This image shows…

A siphon, which illustrates the effects of atmospheric pressure.

The Siphon

A siphon, which illustrates the effects of atmospheric pressure.

A spring made from runoff water in a mountain.

Intermittent Spring

A spring made from runoff water in a mountain.

The part of the pipe that is above the highest piston travel point is the delivery pipe and the part at the lowest point is the suction pipe. This is a larger scale of a lifting pump.

Delivery Pipe

The part of the pipe that is above the highest piston travel point is the delivery pipe and the part…

This image is a centrifugal pump with one half of the casing removed. S is a hollow hub, a is a curved arm, also called a vane or wing, and are revolved with a high velocity of the arrow. The air between them is driven out by the discharge and pipe D. A centrifugal pump is a valuable instrument for raising water to enormous heights.

Centrifugal Pump

This image is a centrifugal pump with one half of the casing removed. S is a hollow hub, a is a curved…

Linear expansion is elongation (of an iron bar) in one direction. A is a metal rod, B is a screw, C is an eye, F is an indicator. As the rod heats, the elongation is shown by the indicator along D E.

Linear Expansion

Linear expansion is elongation (of an iron bar) in one direction. A is a metal rod, B is a screw, C…

Example of outer work. Outer work is the overcoming of the outside pressure through a certain distance by means of expanding. As the piston in the image is lowered, no outer work is done. Inner work is done. Inner work is the to push molecules farther apart against the force of cohesion that is trying to hold them together.

Outer Work

Example of outer work. Outer work is the overcoming of the outside pressure through a certain distance…

Isothermal expansion is a change in a system with a constant temperature. This occurs when: A. Said system is in contact with an outside heat source and B. The change in temperature is slow enough so that the reservoir can adjust through heat exchange.

Isothermal Expansion

Isothermal expansion is a change in a system with a constant temperature. This occurs when: A. Said…

Comparison of two engine efficiencies. Number 1 is in the reverse cycle.

Engine Efficiency

Comparison of two engine efficiencies. Number 1 is in the reverse cycle.

A sectional view of a human molar. The roots, or fangs, are shown covered by a layer of bone called "cement", which is represented by letter c. The center of the tooth is the vascular pulp-cavity v, d is ivory or dentine, and e is the hardest tissue of the body - enamel.

Human Tooth

A sectional view of a human molar. The roots, or fangs, are shown covered by a layer of bone called…

An Image of an esophagus showing how a mass of food, or bolus, passes through the esophagus into the stomach. The tissue in front is relaxed, while the tissue behind the bolus is in contraction. When food is not going through it, the esophagus looks like the wave of contraction in the picture.

Human Esophagus

An Image of an esophagus showing how a mass of food, or bolus, passes through the esophagus into the…