ClipArt ETC
An ornate capital E surrounded by leaves and vines, used at the start of a new chapter or heading.

Decorative Floral E

An ornate capital E surrounded by leaves and vines, used at the start of a new chapter or heading.

An ornate capital M surrounded by leaves and vines, used at the start of a new chapter or heading.

Decorative Floral M

An ornate capital M surrounded by leaves and vines, used at the start of a new chapter or heading.

An ornate capital A surrounded by leaves and vines, used at the start of a new chapter or heading.

Decorative Floral A

An ornate capital A surrounded by leaves and vines, used at the start of a new chapter or heading.

An ornate capital D surrounded by leaves and vines, used at the start of a new chapter or heading.

Decorative Floral D

An ornate capital D surrounded by leaves and vines, used at the start of a new chapter or heading.

An ornate capital I surrounded by leaves and vines, used at the start of a new chapter or heading.

Decorative Floral I

An ornate capital I surrounded by leaves and vines, used at the start of a new chapter or heading.

An ornate capital T surrounded by leaves and vines, used at the start of a new chapter or heading.

Decorative Floral T

An ornate capital T surrounded by leaves and vines, used at the start of a new chapter or heading.

An ornate capital B surrounded by leaves and vines, used at the start of a new chapter or heading.

Decorative Floral B

An ornate capital B surrounded by leaves and vines, used at the start of a new chapter or heading.

"Human Eye, in Median Vertical Anteroposterior Section. (Ciliary processes shown, through not all lying in this section.) A, anterior, and A', posterior chambers of aqueous humor; a, central artery of retina; C, cornea; Ch, choroid; cj, conjunctiva; cm, ciliary muscle; cp, ciliary processs; H, hyaloid; I, iris; L, crystalline lens in its capsule (the reference-line passes through the pupil); l, l', insertion of tendon of superior and inferior rectus muscles; o, optic nerve; P, canal of Petit; R, retina; S, sclerotic; s, s', circular sinus or canal of Schlemm; V, vitreous body filling back part of the eye." -Whitney, 1911

Median Vertical Anteroposterior Section of Eye

"Human Eye, in Median Vertical Anteroposterior Section. (Ciliary processes shown, through not all lying…

A capital F framed and decorated to start a new paragraph or to head a page.

F, Decorative Initial

A capital F framed and decorated to start a new paragraph or to head a page.

"Anterior View of Human Right Femur. ec, external condyle; etu, external tuberosity; ic, internal condyle; itu, internal tuberosity; ltr, lesser trochanter; gtr, great trochanter; h, head; n, neck." -Whitney, 1911

Anterior View of Human Right Femur

"Anterior View of Human Right Femur. ec, external condyle; etu, external tuberosity; ic, internal condyle;…

"Posterior View of Left Femur of a Horse. h, head; gtr, great trochanter; ttr, third trochanter; ltr, lesser trochanter; p, pit for round ligament; itf, intertrochanteric fossa; d, a depression or fossa; etu, itu, external and internal tuberosities; cc, the two condyles." -Whitney, 1911

Posterior View of Left Femur of Horse

"Posterior View of Left Femur of a Horse. h, head; gtr, great trochanter; ttr, third trochanter; ltr,…

"One of an order of beings, the life-principles or geniuses or tutelary spirits of living beings, believed in and reverenced by the ancient Persians, adherents of the Zoroastrian religion. (Also) a name given ... to a symbol seen on monuments of ancient Persian origin, representing a winged circle, with or without a manlike figure in it, hovering over the head of a king or other person, and believed by some to represent his tutelary spirit." -Whitney, 1911

Feloher from Nineveh

"One of an order of beings, the life-principles or geniuses or tutelary spirits of living beings, believed…

An illustration of the face of a young woman.

Woman

An illustration of the face of a young woman.

"Naut., an ornament at the bow of a ship, over the cutwater, consisting of carved work in the form of a volute or scroll, resembling somewhat that at the head of a violin." -Whitney, 1911

Fiddle Head

"Naut., an ornament at the bow of a ship, over the cutwater, consisting of carved work in the form of…

An illustration of a man replacing shingles on a roof while he talks to a woman stick her head out of the roof.

Man and Woman on Roof

An illustration of a man replacing shingles on a roof while he talks to a woman stick her head out of…

"An ornamental figure, as a statue or bust, on the projecting part of the head of a ship, over the cutwater and immediately under the bowsprit." -Whitney, 1911

Figurehead of Ship

"An ornamental figure, as a statue or bust, on the projecting part of the head of a ship, over the cutwater…

"Files. a, cotter-file when large, and verge- or pivot-file when small; b, square file (parallel or taper); c, banking or watch-pinion file when parallel, and knife-file when tape; d, half-round, nicking, piercing, or round-off file; e, round, gulleting, or rat-tail file; f, triangular, three-square, or saw file; g, equaling, clock-pinion, or endless-screw file when parallel, and slitting, entering, warding, or barrel-hole file when tape; h, cross- or double-half-round file; i, screw-head, feather-edge, or slitting file." -Whitney, 1911

Types of Files

"Files. a, cotter-file when large, and verge- or pivot-file when small; b, square file (parallel or…

"Common Firefly (Photinus pyralis). a, larva; b, pupa in its earthen cell; c, beetle. d, e, f, leg, under side of segment, and head of larva." -Whitney, 1911

Common Eastern Firefly

"Common Firefly (Photinus pyralis). a, larva; b, pupa in its earthen cell; c, beetle. d, e, f, leg,…

"In ornithology, having the beak broad and deeply cleft, as a swallow, swift, or goatsucker" or nightjar. -Whitney, 1911

Fissirostral Bill of Nightjar

"In ornithology, having the beak broad and deeply cleft, as a swallow, swift, or goatsucker" or nightjar.…

"Sarracenia Flesh-fly (Sarcophaga sarraceniae). a, larva; b, pupa; c, fly; d, head and prothoracic joints of larva, showing curved hooks, lower lip, and prothoracic spiracles; e, end of body of larva, showing stigmata, prolegs, and vent; h, tarsal claws of fly with protecting pads; i, antenna of fly." -Whitney, 1911

Sarracenia Flesh Fly

"Sarracenia Flesh-fly (Sarcophaga sarraceniae). a, larva; b, pupa; c, fly; d, head and prothoracic joints…

An illustration of a jaunting car; The Irish form of the sprung cart, called a jaunting car or jaunty car, was a light, horse-drawn, two-wheeled open vehicle with seats placed lengthwise, either face to face or back to back.

Jaunting Car

An illustration of a jaunting car; The Irish form of the sprung cart, called a jaunting car or jaunty…

An illustration of a soldier leaning on a mace. A mace is a simple weapon that uses a heavy head on the end of a handle to deliver powerful blows.

Soldier with Mace

An illustration of a soldier leaning on a mace. A mace is a simple weapon that uses a heavy head on…

A symmetrical anticlinal fold, the top of which has been eroded. Near St. Abb's Head, Scotland.

Anticlinal Fold

A symmetrical anticlinal fold, the top of which has been eroded. Near St. Abb's Head, Scotland.

A coastal plain in the first cycle of erosion. The presence of two hard layers produces a terraced cuesta front. In exceptional cases the upper terrace may weather back with sufficient rapidity to constitute a second cuesta with a lowland of some width between it and the lower cuesta, if the weak stratum between the harder is of sufficient thickness.

First Cycle of Erosion

A coastal plain in the first cycle of erosion. The presence of two hard layers produces a terraced cuesta…

Hog-backs (RR) changing into cuestas (CC) and these into steps (HH) by progressive flattening of strata; UU, oldland; TT, inner lowland; SS, second lowland; P, plateau between steps; V, nose; Z, outlier.

Hog-back Diagram

Hog-backs (RR) changing into cuestas (CC) and these into steps (HH) by progressive flattening of strata;…

Work of the waves in cutting away rocky coasts. Cliffs of Normandy; the coast has been cut back so far that the tributaries of the old river systems now enter the sea independently.

Cliffs of Normandy

Work of the waves in cutting away rocky coasts. Cliffs of Normandy; the coast has been cut back so far…

"A battle-ax used by the Franks, of which the typical form is a head long in proportion to its width, and expanding toward a convex curved edge, the general direction of which forms a considerable angle with the handle." -Whitney, 1911

Francisca, Throwing Axe

"A battle-ax used by the Franks, of which the typical form is a head long in proportion to its width,…

"Gaine. Renaissance sculpture. Maison de Pierre, Toulouse, France. In sculpture, the lower part of a figure of which the head, with sometimes the bust, is alone carved to represent nature, the remaining portion presenting, as it were, the appearance of a sheath closely enveloping the body, and consequently broader at the shoulders than at the feet." -Whitney, 1911

Gaine of Renaissance Sculpture

"Gaine. Renaissance sculpture. Maison de Pierre, Toulouse, France. In sculpture, the lower part of a…

"Under Surface of Head of Tumble-bug (Copris carolina), about four times natural size. 1, galea; 2, palpifer; 3, lacinia; 4, subgalea; 5, maxillary palp; 6, stipes." -Whitney, 1911

Ventral View of Dung Beetle

"Under Surface of Head of Tumble-bug (Copris carolina), about four times natural size. 1, galea; 2,…

An illustration of a woman consoling a man with his head down on a desk.

Woman Consoling Man

An illustration of a woman consoling a man with his head down on a desk.

An illustration of a female's long hair.

Long Hair of a Female

An illustration of a female's long hair.

An illustration of the head of a boy.

Head of a Boy

An illustration of the head of a boy.

An illustration of a boy trying on a hat and looking at his reflection in the mirror.

Boy Trying on Hat and Looking at His Reflection

An illustration of a boy trying on a hat and looking at his reflection in the mirror.

An illustration of a head of cabbage.

Cabbage

An illustration of a head of cabbage.

An illustration of a head of romaine lettuce.

Romaine Lettuce

An illustration of a head of romaine lettuce.

"A device for preventing the escape of gas through the vent or around the breech-mechanism which closes the rear end of the bore or chamber of any breech-loading small-arm, machine-gun, or cannon. Freire Gas-check. AA, breech-block; BB, expanding bolt and bolt-head; CC, expanding steel ring or gas-check; S, spiral spring; D, check-nut and set-screw." -Whitney, 1911

Freire Gas Check

"A device for preventing the escape of gas through the vent or around the breech-mechanism which closes…

One-wattled Cassowary "...Casuarius uniappendiculatus, of Salawatti and the adjoining parts of New Guinea, has the head, throat, and nape blue, the lower portion of the neck and the median pear-shaped caruncle yellow, the casque dusky olive, and the longitudinal naked space towards the sides of the neck flesh-coloured with a yellow margin." - A. H. Evans, 1900

One-wattled Cassowary

One-wattled Cassowary "...Casuarius uniappendiculatus, of Salawatti and the adjoining parts of New Guinea,…

Kiwi, Apteryx australis, of the South Island, is lighter (than the Apteryx mantelli of North Island), and feels soft instead of harsh when grasped." "These birds are at once distinguished from all their allies by their small size, and by the long, weak, decurved bill, which tapers regularly and has the nostrils placed almost at the extremity. The head and eyes are comparatively small... The legs are very stout and situated backwardly, a small elevated hallux is present, and the toes are provided with long, sharp claws. The wings are small-boned and invisible, with functionless quills, the tail is rudimentary, the aftershaft and the furcula are absent, while many elongated hairs occur on the front of the head." - A. H. Evans, 1900

Kiwi

Kiwi, Apteryx australis, of the South Island, is lighter (than the Apteryx mantelli of North Island),…

The Great Northern Diver, Colymbus glacialis, "...is black above, with belts of white spots making a "chess-board" pattern; the lower surface is white, and the throat is crossed by two bands of white with longitudinal black bars, while the head and neck are black with a purplish gloss, changing to green below." "...the bill is normally black, and the feet are bluish or greenish grey." "The Great Northern Diver, has a much more restricted range, breeding in Iceland, Greenland, and the Fur Countries as far west as the Great Slave Lake..." - A. H. Evans, 1900

Great Northern Diver

The Great Northern Diver, Colymbus glacialis, "...is black above, with belts of white spots making a…

Abbey of Allerheiligen, or All Saints, this abbey is beautifully situated on the banks of the Lierbach, a stream which takes its rise on the western slope of the Hornisgrinde, and turns sharply southward. Indebted for its foundation to the Duchess Uta von Schauenberg, according to tradition owed its situation to an ass. The duchess determined to found an abbey, but undecided as to the site, she ordered the necessary funds to be placed on the back of an ass, declaring that where the animal stopped there she would build. On this spot work was at once begun in the year 1192 and two years after the monastery was completed.

Abbey of Allerheiligen

Abbey of Allerheiligen, or All Saints, this abbey is beautifully situated on the banks of the Lierbach,…

Archaeological artifacts show that Simonswald was home to farmers as early as 6000 to 3000 BC. Roman settlements date back to 5th century AC, near St. Peter's Barn. Establishing settlements in Simonswald occurred first in the New Stone Age, then was left deserted for 3 thousand years (some suggest cold climate as reason) and re-discovered in the 11th century. Official record first mention dates back to 5. August 1178 when Pope Alexander III confirmed "Sigmanswald" as property of Monastery St Margarethen, Waldkirch; until the 16th century Simonswald was called Sigmanswald.

Simonswald

Archaeological artifacts show that Simonswald was home to farmers as early as 6000 to 3000 BC. Roman…

"The most typical forms of Ardea (Common Heron) are large slaty-coloured birds, varied by black, rufous, and white, the head being commonly darker and lower parts striped; while two slender occipital plumes are, in most cases, developed in the nuptial period, and the scapular and jugular feathers are elongated, though not decomposed." A. H. Evans, 1900

Common Heron

"The most typical forms of Ardea (Common Heron) are large slaty-coloured birds, varied by black, rufous,…

"Balaeniceps rex, the Shoebill, of the White Nile, has a short crest, and is brownish-grey with blackish wings, tail, and feet the bill being yellow with dusky mottlings." A. H. Evans, 1900

Shoebill

"Balaeniceps rex, the Shoebill, of the White Nile, has a short crest, and is brownish-grey with blackish…

"Scopus umbretta, the Hammerhead, of Madagascar and a large part of the Ethiopian Range, is purplish-brown, with black tail-bars, wider towards the tip; the head exhibits a thick erectile crest, generally carried horizontally; the bill is black and the feet are brownish." A. H. Evans, 1900

Hammerhead Standing Near Water

"Scopus umbretta, the Hammerhead, of Madagascar and a large part of the Ethiopian Range, is purplish-brown,…

"On the Sarcorhamphus gryphus the Condor, the head and neck are bare, with dull red skin, wrinkled in folds on the latter; while an oblique ruff of white down surmounts the black plumage, which shews white edges to the wing-coverts and secondaries. The male has a fleshy crest extending from the mid-cere to the crown, a large wattle on the throat, and a small caruncle below; the irides being in the sex brown, in the female garnet red. The bill is white with brown base." A. H. Evans, 1900

Condor

"On the Sarcorhamphus gryphus the Condor, the head and neck are bare, with dull red skin, wrinkled in…

"Standing some four feet high on very long legs, this bird (Secretary Bird) gives the impression of a Heron or Crane, and is a striking object on its native plains. The short strong beak is greatly arched, and is not toothed, the neck is elongated, the body comparatively small, and the metatarsus boldly scutellated all around, the short straight toes with their blunt claws being joined anteriorly by small membranes The ample wings have eleven pointed primaries and seventeen secondaries. the graduated tail of twelve rectrices has the two obtuse median feathers drooping and much prolonged. Down is evenly distributed over the adults, and an after-shaft is present. The general colour is bluish-grey, with black wing-quills, lower back and vent; the loose pendent crest on the occiput and nape contains ten plumes in pairs, the longer being black and the shorter grey with black ends; the tail grey, subterminally barred with black and tipped with white, which sometimes shews on the short close flank-feathers. The long cere, naked sides of the face, and feet are yellow, the irides hazel. The sexes are similar." A. H. Evans

Secretary Bird

"Standing some four feet high on very long legs, this bird (Secretary Bird) gives the impression of…

"Milvus milvus, the Red Kite or Forked Tail Glead of the Old World, ranging from the Atlantic Islands-except, perhaps, the Azores-through most of Europe to Palestine, Asia, Minor, and Northern Africa, but leaving the northerly districts in autumn, is red-brown above and rusty-red beneath, the lower surface and whitish head being streaked with dark brown." A. H. Evans, 1900

Red Kite Resting on a Branch by a Body of Water

"Milvus milvus, the Red Kite or Forked Tail Glead of the Old World, ranging from the Atlantic Islands-except,…

"Rhynchotus rufescens,... is grey-brown, with blacker crown, rufous cheeks, neck, and breast, and chestnut primaries; the back is being barred with whitish and black, and the flanks with brown and white. " A. H. Evans, 1900. This bird is referenced in this source as Rhynchotus rufescens the Great Tinamou, though it's description seems to more closely resemble Rhynchotus rufescens the Red-Winged Tinamou.

Red-winged Tinamou

"Rhynchotus rufescens,... is grey-brown, with blacker crown, rufous cheeks, neck, and breast, and chestnut…

"Phasianus colchicus, Pheasant, ...has a white collar and slaty lower back with dark green barring; while the former has the rump feathers buff, with black mottlings and purplish-red tips. The females, hardly separable from one another, lack the red face-wattles, the long ear-tufts, and the pair of spurs of a male." A. H. Evans, 1900

Pheasant

"Phasianus colchicus, Pheasant, ...has a white collar and slaty lower back with dark green barring;…

"Lagopus scoticus, the Red Grouse or Muirfowl, the only bird entirely confined to our islands, differs from its congeners in never becoming white in the winter. It varies considerably in coloration, but is usually considered a local form of the Willow Grouse (L. albus) of the north of Europe, Asia, and America. The male in both summer and winter is more or less, chestnut-brown above, with black markings and a reddish head; the lower parts are similar, but are usually spotted with white. In Autumn the brown of the upper parts becomes buff, and the lower surface is barred with buff and black." A. H. Evans, 1900

Red Grouse

"Lagopus scoticus, the Red Grouse or Muirfowl, the only bird entirely confined to our islands, differs…

The Crex pratensis, Land-Rail, or Cork Crake, is mostly brown with the upper parts spotted, a blue-green head and neck, chestnut wings, and flanks streaked with a reddish colour. "The Land-Rail extends from most of Europe to the North of Central Asia, wintering in Africa, and occurring accidentally in North America, or even Greenland and Australia." A. H. Evans, 1900

Land-Rail

The Crex pratensis, Land-Rail, or Cork Crake, is mostly brown with the upper parts spotted, a blue-green…

"Psophia crepitans, the Agami, ranging from British Guiana to Amazonia, is a black bird with velvety plumage on the head and neck, and lax feathering below; a golden-green and violet sheen adorns the lower fore-neck, a rusty brown patch crosses the back and wing-coverts, the bare orbits are pinkish, the beak is greenish or greyish, and the legs are variously stated to be bright green or flesh coloured." A. H. Evans, 1900

Trumpeter

"Psophia crepitans, the Agami, ranging from British Guiana to Amazonia, is a black bird with velvety…

"The Otis Tarda, the Great Bustard, which, as a native only became extinct in Norfolk about 1838, used to extend from East Lothian to Dorset, bit is now merely an occasional visitor to Britain. The upper parts are mottled with rufous, buff, and blackish-brown, the head is blue-grey, with long white bristles at the base of the mandible, the lower surface is white, relieved in the male by a tawny gorget for a short time during the breeding season. The primaries are black, most of the secondaries and wing-coverts white. Some other Bustards seem to have similar vernal change of plumage. The female is smaller and has no bristles." A. H. Evans, 1900

Great Bustard

"The Otis Tarda, the Great Bustard, which, as a native only became extinct in Norfolk about 1838, used…

"Eurypyga helias, Sun-Bittern, has a black head, with a white stripe above and under each eye, and a white throat: the remaining plumage "being variegated with black, brown, chestnut, bay, buff, grey, and white-so mottled, speckled, and belted either in wave-like or zigzag forms, as somewhat to resemble certain moths. The bay colour forms two conspicuous patches on each wing, and also an antepenultimate bar on the tail, behind which is a subterminal band of black. The irides are red; the bill isgreenish-olive; and the legs are pale yellow." A. H. Evans, 1900

Sun-Bittern

"Eurypyga helias, Sun-Bittern, has a black head, with a white stripe above and under each eye, and a…

"Hydrophasianus chirurgus, the Indian Jacana, of most of the Indian Region, is Bronzy-brown above and purplish-black below, with no fleshy outgrowths, but a large sharp spur. The head is white in front, with an intervening black lateral stripe; the wings are mainly white, with curious filamentous appendages to the attenuated blackish outer primaries; the four median feathers of dark brown tail are enormously elongated and decurved. The winter and immature plumage is almost entirely bronzy-brown, with white under surface crossed by a black gorget; but the young have a rufous head." A. H. Evans, 1900

Indian Jacana

"Hydrophasianus chirurgus, the Indian Jacana, of most of the Indian Region, is Bronzy-brown above and…

"Larus ichthyaetus, the Great Black-headed Gull, ranging from the Black Sea and the Levant to Tibet, and wintering in Southern Asia, has the bill almost orange." A. H. Evans, 1900. The adults have a black hood, grey wings and back, and white wing tips.

Great Black-Headed Gull

"Larus ichthyaetus, the Great Black-headed Gull, ranging from the Black Sea and the Levant to Tibet,…

"This species (Alca impennis or Great Auk), extirpated chiefly by the persecution of fisherman, but subsequently by collectors, resembles a flightless Razorbill, though double the size; it had no white stripes on the head or bill, but shewed a large white patch before each eye. A. impennis, the extinct Great Auk or Garefowl, inhabited the North Atlantic, chiefly in the neighborhood of Ice A. H. Evans, 1900

Great Auk

"This species (Alca impennis or Great Auk), extirpated chiefly by the persecution of fisherman, but…

Didunculus strigirostris, the Manu-mea or Red Bird of the islands of Upolu, Salvai, and Tutuila in Samoan group, is glossy greenish-black, with chestnut back, rump, wing-coverts, tail and under tail-coverts, but browner-quills and abdomen. The hooked and toothed bill is orange, the feet are reddish, and the naked orbits red. The sexes are similar, the young entirely brown." A. H. Evans, 1900

Tooth-Billed Pigeon

Didunculus strigirostris, the Manu-mea or Red Bird of the islands of Upolu, Salvai, and Tutuila in Samoan…

"Goura coronata, the Crowned Pigeon, discovered by Dampier in 1699, is bluish-slate -coloured, with darker wings, and some black on the chin and side of the head; a broad chestnut band crossing the back, one of white shewing conspicuously on the wing, and one of grey terminating the tail." A. H. Evans, 1900

Crowned Pigeon

"Goura coronata, the Crowned Pigeon, discovered by Dampier in 1699, is bluish-slate -coloured, with…

"The plumage is brownish, with white margins to the feathers and a purple tinge on the rufous-mottled head, neck, and breast; the back is greener, the tail more lilac, the abdomen white, the bare orbits blue and red. With its long stout legs this species covers the ground very quickly, running with outstretched neck, elevated crest, slightly expanded wings, and jerking tail, or springing into trees and taking brief flights." A. H. Evans, 1900

Two Radiated Ground Cuckoo, One with an Insect in its Mouth, the Other in a Tree Branch in a wooded Area

"The plumage is brownish, with white margins to the feathers and a purple tinge on the rufous-mottled…