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The bodies of those who were buried in the pyramids were preserved from decay by a secret process, known only to the priests. After the bodies were prepared, they were wrapped in bands of fine linen, and on the inside of these was spread a peculiar kind of gum. There were sometimes a thousand yards of these bands on a single body. After they were thus prepared, a soft substance was placed around the bandaged body. This covering, when it hardened, kept the body in a complete state of preservation.

Mummy

The bodies of those who were buried in the pyramids were preserved from decay by a secret process, known…

A mummy coffin.

Mummy

A mummy coffin.

Egyptian goddess of the Earth.

Isis

Egyptian goddess of the Earth.

A name derived from the lotus of Greek legend, and applied to various species of plants related to the clovers. It is now used also to designate several species of the water-lily family, particularly the sacred species of Egyptian lilies that geow in the Nile regions.

Lotus

A name derived from the lotus of Greek legend, and applied to various species of plants related to the…

Native musical instruments from Uganda.

Instruments

Native musical instruments from Uganda.

An Egyptian design consisting of a small ball, on the sides of which are two asps with extended wings, expressing by these extended wings the power of protection afforded by the Egyptian government. Also an emblem of religious sincerity and appreciation of benefits derived from God.

Winged-Globe Design

An Egyptian design consisting of a small ball, on the sides of which are two asps with extended wings,…

"Columns are largely employed in the architecture of Egyptian temples. They are of various forms." —D'Anvers, 1895

Column

"Columns are largely employed in the architecture of Egyptian temples. They are of various forms." —D'Anvers,…

"Columns are largely employed in the architecture of Egyptian temples. They are of various forms." —D'Anvers, 1895

Column

"Columns are largely employed in the architecture of Egyptian temples. They are of various forms." —D'Anvers,…

"Columns are largely employed in the architecture of Egyptian temples. They are of various forms." —D'Anvers, 1895

Pillar and beam

"Columns are largely employed in the architecture of Egyptian temples. They are of various forms." —D'Anvers,…

"Rock-cut temple at Ipsambul, on the Nile." —D'Anvers, 1895

Egyptian temple

"Rock-cut temple at Ipsambul, on the Nile." —D'Anvers, 1895

"Egyptian Sphinx."—D'Anvers, 1895

Sphinx

"Egyptian Sphinx."—D'Anvers, 1895

"Egyptian Statue in black basalt. Heroic size, in the British Museum." —D'Anvers, 1895

Egyptian statue

"Egyptian Statue in black basalt. Heroic size, in the British Museum." —D'Anvers, 1895

"Egyptian bas-relief. Ramses III, between Thoth and Horus." —D'Anvers, 1895

Egyptian bas-relief

"Egyptian bas-relief. Ramses III, between Thoth and Horus." —D'Anvers, 1895

Sleep temples are regarded by some as an early instance of hypnosis over 4000 years ago, under the influence of Imhotep.

Egyptian Temple

Sleep temples are regarded by some as an early instance of hypnosis over 4000 years ago, under the influence…

Assorted Egyptian Ornaments.

Egyptian Ornaments

Assorted Egyptian Ornaments.

An ornate vase used for storage.

Egyptian Vase

An ornate vase used for storage.

An ornate chair used for sitting.

Egyptian Chair

An ornate chair used for sitting.

Ancient forms of the harp, drum, flute, and castanets.

Assorted Musical Instruments

Ancient forms of the harp, drum, flute, and castanets.

This illustration shows harps, pipe, and flute, from an ancient tomb near the Pyramids.

Egyptian Music

This illustration shows harps, pipe, and flute, from an ancient tomb near the Pyramids.

This image shows a group of ancient egyptian street musicians. (1) Woman with a tall light harp with fourteen strings. (2) Cithara. (3) Te-bouni, or banjo. (4) Double flute. (5) Shoulder Harp. (6) Singer, clapping hands.

Ancient Egyptian Music

This image shows a group of ancient egyptian street musicians. (1) Woman with a tall light harp with…

There are several instances of some sort of ancient instrument, consisting of metallic plates or rods, played by means of a hammer. Many have considered these to have been the original type of the modern instruments of percussion, where metal plates are vibrated by means of hammers or mallets.

Ancient Percussion

There are several instances of some sort of ancient instrument, consisting of metallic plates or rods,…

A stringed instrument well known for its use in Classical Antiquity. It was used mainly by the Ancient Greeks.

Lyre

A stringed instrument well known for its use in Classical Antiquity. It was used mainly by the Ancient…

A large bronze horn in a curious shape. These instruments have been tested by experienced horn players and give forth a fine, resonant tone.

Scandinavian Ludr

A large bronze horn in a curious shape. These instruments have been tested by experienced horn players…

The viol is a family or musical instruments and is related to and descending from the vihuela and rebec.

Bass Viol

The viol is a family or musical instruments and is related to and descending from the vihuela and rebec.

An Egyptian pharaoh of the nineteenth dynasty. He was born ca. 1302 BC and reigned from either 1279 BC to 1213 BC or 1290 BC to 1224 BC.

Ramses II

An Egyptian pharaoh of the nineteenth dynasty. He was born ca. 1302 BC and reigned from either 1279…

A sculpture constructed by an ancient Egyptian artist.

Egyptian Sculpture

A sculpture constructed by an ancient Egyptian artist.

An illustration with multiple instruments used for navigation. These items include a globe, compass, map and books.

Globe

An illustration with multiple instruments used for navigation. These items include a globe, compass,…

An illustration of an Egyptian royal boat from a sculptured tomb.

Egyptian Royal Boat

An illustration of an Egyptian royal boat from a sculptured tomb.

Restored Temple, from the Egyptian Commission.

Temple

Restored Temple, from the Egyptian Commission.

Spark advance with Meo Magneto. With clockwise instruments, position 1 supplied advanced spark, position 2 retarded spark.

Meo Magneto

Spark advance with Meo Magneto. With clockwise instruments, position 1 supplied advanced spark, position…

The feline war gods in Egyptian mythology.

Pakhet

The feline war gods in Egyptian mythology.

A diety in Egyptian mythology.

Amen Ra

A diety in Egyptian mythology.

The god of the underworld in ancient Egyptian mythology.

Anubis

The god of the underworld in ancient Egyptian mythology.

The god of the moon in ancient Egyptian mythology.

Thoth

The god of the moon in ancient Egyptian mythology.

An Egyptian pharaoh of the ninteenth dynasty.

Rameses II Standing Figure

An Egyptian pharaoh of the ninteenth dynasty.

An Egyptian man using bellows on a fire.

Bellows

An Egyptian man using bellows on a fire.

"One of the smaller Vulturidae, of a genus differing from the true vultures in the slender bill, which is covered for more than half its length with a naked cere, and sharply hooked at the point." — Chambers, 1881

Egyptian Vulture

"One of the smaller Vulturidae, of a genus differing from the true vultures in the slender bill, which…

"One of the most important of astronomical instruments, consists of a telescope fixed to a horizontal axis, so as to revolve in the plane of the meridian, and is employed, as its name denotes, in the observation of the meridian transits of the heavenly bodies. The axis, which is the most important part of the instrument, and thus demands the utmost care in its construction, consists of a hollow sphere or cube, to opposite sides of which are tightly fastened the bases of two cones in whose apices the pivots are screwed; the sphere or cube is pierced for the admission of the telescope, which is firmly soldered at right angles to the axis." — Chambers, 1881

Transit Instrument

"One of the most important of astronomical instruments, consists of a telescope fixed to a horizontal…

"An Ancient Egyptian Wine-press. The process of treading, which seems to have prevailed from the earliest ages. The treaders are being assisted by ropes fixed to the roof of the press." — Chambers, 1881

Wine-press

"An Ancient Egyptian Wine-press. The process of treading, which seems to have prevailed from the earliest…

The Hebrew Alphabet.

Hebrew Alphabet

The Hebrew Alphabet.

The costume of an Egyptian King.

Egyptian King

The costume of an Egyptian King.

The costume of an Egyptian Queen.

Egyptian Queen

The costume of an Egyptian Queen.

"Figures sculptured in one of the tombs discovered by Belzoni, near Thebes, which represent captives of different nations brought before their Egyptian conqueror, four Jews are supposed to have been introduced after the manner shown." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Thebes

"Figures sculptured in one of the tombs discovered by Belzoni, near Thebes, which represent captives…

"Hot-wire instruments working on the sag principle can be used in any position if properly contructed, and are very portable." —Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Hot-wire Ammeter

"Hot-wire instruments working on the sag principle can be used in any position if properly contructed,…

"Sulphurators are instruments for distributing flowers of sulphur, for the purpose of destroying mildew. In the case of greenhouse plants, such as heaths, simply dusting with sulphur through a muslin bag or dredger is sufficient." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Sulphurator

"Sulphurators are instruments for distributing flowers of sulphur, for the purpose of destroying mildew.…

"Sulphurators are instruments for distributing flowers of sulphur, for the purpose of destroying mildew. In the case of greenhouse plants, such as heaths, simply dusting with sulphur through a muslin bag or dredger is sufficient." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Epps's Sulphurator

"Sulphurators are instruments for distributing flowers of sulphur, for the purpose of destroying mildew.…

"Very old form of Egyptian Harp, resembling our modern violin." — Cooke, 1910

Egyptian Harp

"Very old form of Egyptian Harp, resembling our modern violin." — Cooke, 1910

"An Egyptian deity, styled Anepu on hieroglyphic monuments, was, according to mythology, the son of Osiris and Nephthys. By the Greeks, he was frequently styled Hermes or Hermanubis, combining the Egyptian with the Grecian name. He is represented on monuments as having the head of a jackal, with pointed ears and snout, which the Greeks frequently changed to those of a dog." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Anubus

"An Egyptian deity, styled Anepu on hieroglyphic monuments, was, according to mythology, the son of…

"Upright elliptical arch, sometimes called the egg-shaped arch, employed in Egyptian and Sassanian architecture." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Elliptical Arch

"Upright elliptical arch, sometimes called the egg-shaped arch, employed in Egyptian and Sassanian architecture."…

"Armillary Sphere, an instrument used in astronomy. In its simplest form, consisting of a ring fixed in the plane of the equator, the armilla is one of the most ancient of astronomical instruments. Slightly developed, it was crossed by another ring fixed in the plane of the meridian." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Armilla

"Armillary Sphere, an instrument used in astronomy. In its simplest form, consisting of a ring fixed…

"Skeleton of Egyptian Vulture. (Neophron percnopterus), to show bones of bird. a, post-orbital process; b, lower jaw; c, cervical vertebra; co, coracoid bone; d, humerus; e, radius; f, ulna; g, metacarpus; h, second phalanx of chief digit of wing; h, phalanges of lower digit; h'', first phalanx of chief digit; i, clavicle; k, sternum; l, pelvis; m, coccyx; n, femur; o, tibia; p, tarso-metatarsus; q, phalanges of foot." — Winston's Encyclopedia, 1919

Vulture Skeleton

"Skeleton of Egyptian Vulture. (Neophron percnopterus), to show bones of bird. a, post-orbital process;…

An Egyptian bracelet with two sphynx's.

Egyptian Bracelet

An Egyptian bracelet with two sphynx's.

An Egyptian necklace with three charms.

Egyptian Necklace

An Egyptian necklace with three charms.

"A small porcelain cylinder ornamented with interlaced lotus flowers in intaglio, having a ring for suspension." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Egyptian Charm

"A small porcelain cylinder ornamented with interlaced lotus flowers in intaglio, having a ring for…

A hinged egyptian bracelet.

Egyptian Bracelet

A hinged egyptian bracelet.

"A gold chain is formed of wires closely plaited and very flexible, the ends terminating in the heads of water fowl, and having small rings to secure the collar behind." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Egyptian Chain

"A gold chain is formed of wires closely plaited and very flexible, the ends terminating in the heads…

"A signet ring has a square revolving bezel on which are four serpents interlaced." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Signet Ring

"A signet ring has a square revolving bezel on which are four serpents interlaced." —The Encyclopedia…

"The air pump is an engine by which the air can be pumped out of a vessel, or withdrawn from it. The vessel so exhausted, is called a receive, and the space thus left in the vessel, after withdrawing the air, is called a vacuum. The principles on which the air pump is constructed are readily understood, and are the same in all instruments of this kind, though the form of the instrument itself is often considerably modified. Let R be a glass vessel, or receiver, closed at the top, and open at the bottom, standing on a perfectly smooth surface, which is called the plate of the air pump. Through thie plate is an aperture, which communicates with the inside of the receiver, and the barrel of the pump. The piston rod works air tight through the barrel. At the extremity of the barrel, there is a valve which opens upwards, and is closed as the piston rises." —Comstock, 1850

Air Pump

"The air pump is an engine by which the air can be pumped out of a vessel, or withdrawn from it. The…

"Egyptian Lyre now at Berlin." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

Egyptian Lyre

"Egyptian Lyre now at Berlin." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

"Kew Instruments arranged in the relative positions recommended by Lloyd so as magnetically to interfere with one another as little as possible. We are supposed to be viewing the whole from the south. No. 1 to the right is the declination instrument, No. 2 that for the horizontal force, and No. 3 in the distance behind the central pillar (No. 4) the vertical force magnetometer." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

Kew Instruments

"Kew Instruments arranged in the relative positions recommended by Lloyd so as magnetically to interfere…