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Frederick Douglass (born Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey, February 14, 1818 – February 20, 1895) was an American abolitionist, editor, orator, author, statesman and reformer.

Frederick Douglass

Frederick Douglass (born Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey, February 14, 1818 – February 20,…

Charles II (Charles Stuart; 29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685) was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland. According to royalists (and retrospective English law), Charles II became king when his father Charles I was executed at Whitehall on 30 January 1649, the climax of the English Civil War. The English Parliament did not proclaim Charles II king at this time, passing a statute making it unlawful, and England entered the period known to history as the English Interregnum. The Parliament of Scotland, on the other hand, proclaimed Charles II King of Scots on 5 February 1649 in Edinburgh. He was crowned King of Scots at Scone on 1 January 1651.

Charles II of England

Charles II (Charles Stuart; 29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685) was the King of England, Scotland,…

The Great Fire of London, a major conflagration that swept through the central parts of London from Sunday, 2 September to Wednesday, 5 September 1666, was one of the major events in the history of England. The fire gutted the medieval City of London inside the old Roman City Wall. It threatened, but did not reach, the aristocratic district of Westminster (the modern West End), Charles II's Palace of Whitehall, and most of the suburban slums. It consumed 13,200 houses, 87 parish churches, St. Paul's Cathedral, and most of the buildings of the City authorities. It is estimated that it destroyed the homes of 70,000 of the City's ca. 80,000 inhabitants.

Great Fire of London

The Great Fire of London, a major conflagration that swept through the central parts of London from…

Federal Hall, located at 26 Wall Street in New York City, was the first capitol of the United States of America and the site of George Washington's first inauguration in 1789. It is also the place where the United States Bill of Rights was passed.

Federal Hall

Federal Hall, located at 26 Wall Street in New York City, was the first capitol of the United States…

The Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera) is a palm in the genus Phoenix, extensively cultivated for its edible fruit. Due to its long history of cultivation for fruit, its exact native distribution is unknown, but probably originated somewhere in the desert oases of northern Africa, and perhaps also southwest Asia. It is a medium-sized tree, 15–25 m tall, often clumped with several trunks from a single root system, but often growing singly as well. The leaves are pinnate, 3–5 m long, with spines on the petiole and about 150 leaflets; the leaflets are 30 cm long and 2 cm broad. The full span of the crown ranges from 6–10 m.

Date Palms

The Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera) is a palm in the genus Phoenix, extensively cultivated for its edible…

Edward Gibbon (April 27, 1737 - January 16, 1794) was an English historian and Member of Parliament. His most important work, <em>The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire</em>, was published in six volumes between 1776 and 1788.

Edward Gibbon

Edward Gibbon (April 27, 1737 - January 16, 1794) was an English historian and Member of Parliament.…

The Hall of Fame for Great Americans at Bronx Community College, the original "Hall of Fame" in the United States, is a New York landmark institution founded in 1900 to honor prominent Americans who have had a significant impact on this nation's history.

The Hall of Fame for Great Americans

The Hall of Fame for Great Americans at Bronx Community College, the original "Hall of Fame" in the…

Fort Washington was a fort in the early history of Cincinnati, Ohio and was used by General Josiah Harmar.

Fort Washington, On the Site of Cincinnati

Fort Washington was a fort in the early history of Cincinnati, Ohio and was used by General Josiah Harmar.

The Church Mission Society, known as the Church Missionary Society in Australia and New Zealand, is a group of evangelistic societies working with the Anglican Church and other Protestant Christians around the world. Founded in 1799, CMS has attracted upwards of nine thousand men and women to serve as mission partners during its 200-year history. A religious Mission or Mission station is a location for missionary work.

CMS Mission Station, Island of Deshimo, Japan

The Church Mission Society, known as the Church Missionary Society in Australia and New Zealand, is…

Christian Matthias Theodor Mommsen (30 November 1817 – 1 November 1903) was a German classical scholar, historian, jurist, journalist, politician, archaeologist, and writer generally regarded as the greatest classicist of the 19th century. His work regarding Roman history is still of fundamental importance for contemporary research. He received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1902, and was also a prominent German politician, as a member of the Prussian and German parliaments. His works on Roman law and on the law of obligations had a significant impact on the German civil code.

Theodor Mommsen

Christian Matthias Theodor Mommsen (30 November 1817 – 1 November 1903) was a German classical scholar,…

Trinity Church, at 79 Broadway in New York City, is a historic full service parish church in the Episcopal Diocese of New York. Trinity Church is located at the intersection of Broadway and Wall Street in downtown Manhattan. n 1696, Governor Benjamin Fletcher approved the purchase of land in Lower Manhattan by the Church of England community for construction of a new church. The parish received its charter from King William III of England on May 6, 1697. Its land grant specified an annual rent of one peppercorn due to the English crown. The present day Trinity Church, designed by architect Richard Upjohn, is considered a classic example of Gothic Revival architecture and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1976 for its architectural significance and place within the history of New York City.

Trinity Church

Trinity Church, at 79 Broadway in New York City, is a historic full service parish church in the Episcopal…

(1606-1654) Director general of the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam.

Wouter Van Twiller

(1606-1654) Director general of the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam.

A scrivener (or scribe) was traditionally a person who could read and write. This usually indicated secretarial and administrative duties such as dictation and keeping business, judicial, and history records for kings, nobles, temples, and cities. Scriveners later developed into public servants, accountants, lawyers and petition writers, etc. Scriveners remain a common sight in countries where literacy rates remain low; they read letters for illiterate customers, as well as write letters or fill out forms for a fee. Many now use portable typewriters to prepare letters for their clients.

Scribe

A scrivener (or scribe) was traditionally a person who could read and write. This usually indicated…

Sir William Schwenck Gilbert (18 November 1836 – 29 May 1911) was an English dramatist, librettist, poet and illustrator best known for his fourteen comic operas produced in collaboration with the composer Sir Arthur Sullivan, of which the most famous include H.M.S. Pinafore, The Pirates of Penzance, and one of the most frequently performed works in the history of musical theater, The Mikado.

Sir William Gilbert

Sir William Schwenck Gilbert (18 November 1836 – 29 May 1911) was an English dramatist, librettist,…

A steam engine is a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid. Steam engines have a long history, going back almost two thousand years. Early devices were not practical power producers, but more advanced designs became a major source of mechanical power during the industrial revolution. Modern steam turbines generate about half of the electric power in the world.

Steam Engine

A steam engine is a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid. Steam…

From the painting, "First Reading of the Emancipation Proclamation of President Lincoln" by Francis Bicknell Carpenter. From left to right: Edwin Stanton (Secretary of War), Salmon Chase (Secretary of the Treasury), Abraham Lincoln (President of the United States), Gideon Welles (Secretary of the Navy), Caleb B. Smith (Secretary of the Interior), William Seward [sitting] (Secretary of State), Montgomery Blair (Postmaster General), and Edward Bates (Attorney General).

Emancipation Proclamation

From the painting, "First Reading of the Emancipation Proclamation of President Lincoln" by Francis…

"A federal cavalry camp&mdash; Winter Quarters." -Gordy, 1916

Cavalry Camp

"A federal cavalry camp— Winter Quarters." -Gordy, 1916

Men in the Civil War building a pontoon bridge across a river.

Pontoon Bridge

Men in the Civil War building a pontoon bridge across a river.

A council of war at Massaponax Church in Virginia.

Massaponax Church

A council of war at Massaponax Church in Virginia.

A Sanitary Commission lodge near Alexandria, Virginia during the Civil War.

Sanitary Commission

A Sanitary Commission lodge near Alexandria, Virginia during the Civil War.

Robert Edward Lee (January 19, 1807 &ndash; October 12, 1870), was a career United States Army officer, an engineer, and among the most celebrated generals in American history.

General Robert E. Lee

Robert Edward Lee (January 19, 1807 – October 12, 1870), was a career United States Army officer,…

The seal and signature of William Tryon. Tryon was the royal governor North Carolina and New York. The history of Tryon's administration is a record of folly, extortion, and crime, and he gained the name of "The Wolf of North Carolina." He was governor of New York when the Revolutionary War broke out, and he was the last governor of that province appointed by the crown.

Seal and Signature of Tryon

The seal and signature of William Tryon. Tryon was the royal governor North Carolina and New York. The…

Commodore Stephen Decatur, Jr (5 January 1779 &ndash; 22 March 1820) was an American naval officer notable for his heroism in the Barbary Wars and in the War of 1812. He was the youngest man to reach the rank of captain in the history of the United States Navy, and the first American celebrated as a national military hero who had not played a role in the American Revolution.

Decatur's Medal, Front

Commodore Stephen Decatur, Jr (5 January 1779 – 22 March 1820) was an American naval officer notable…

Commodore Stephen Decatur, Jr (5 January 1779 &ndash; 22 March 1820) was an American naval officer notable for his heroism in the Barbary Wars and in the War of 1812. He was the youngest man to reach the rank of captain in the history of the United States Navy, and the first American celebrated as a national military hero who had not played a role in the American Revolution.

Decatur's Medal, Back

Commodore Stephen Decatur, Jr (5 January 1779 – 22 March 1820) was an American naval officer notable…

A diagram of a brewery. A brewery is a dedicated building for the making of beer, though beer can be made in the home, and has been for much of beer's history. A company which makes beer is called either a brewery or a brewing company. The diversity of size in breweries is matched by the diversity of processes, degrees of automation, and kinds of beer produced in breweries. Typically a brewery is divided into distinct sections, with each section reserved for one part of the brewing process.

Brewery Diagram

A diagram of a brewery. A brewery is a dedicated building for the making of beer, though beer can be…

A diagram of a tower brewery cellars. A brewery is a dedicated building for the making of beer, though beer can be made in the home, and has been for much of beer's history. A company which makes beer is called either a brewery or a brewing company. The diversity of size in breweries is matched by the diversity of processes, degrees of automation, and kinds of beer produced in breweries. Typically a brewery is divided into distinct sections, with each section reserved for one part of the brewing process.

Tower Brewery Cellars

A diagram of a tower brewery cellars. A brewery is a dedicated building for the making of beer, though…

An illustration of a portion of a date palm leaf. The Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera) is a palm in the genus Phoenix, extensively cultivated for its edible fruit. Due to its long history of cultivation for fruit, its exact native distribution is unknown, but probably originated somewhere in the desert oases of northern Africa, and perhaps also southwest Asia. It is a medium-sized tree, 15&ndash;25 m tall, often clumped with several trunks from a single root system, but often growing singly as well. The leaves are pinnate, 3&ndash;5 m long, with spines on the petiole and about 150 leaflets; the leaflets are 30 cm long and 2 cm broad. The full span of the crown ranges from 6&ndash;10 m.

Date Palm Leaf

An illustration of a portion of a date palm leaf. The Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera) is a palm in the…

An unknown people inhabited the central portion of North America at an unknown period in its history. They left traces of agriculture and skill in arts.

Great Earthwork near Newark, Ohio

An unknown people inhabited the central portion of North America at an unknown period in its history.…

Andrew Dickson White (November 7, 1832 – November 4, 1918) was a U.S. diplomat, author, and educator, best known as the co-founder of Cornell University. In 1869 White gave a lecture on "The Battle-Fields of Science", arguing that history showed the negative outcomes resulting from any attempt on the part of religion to interfere with the progress of science. Over the next 30 years he refined his analysis, expanding his case studies to include nearly every field of science over the entire history of Christianity, but also narrowing his target from "religion" through "ecclesiasticism" to "dogmatic theology."

Andrew Dickson White

Andrew Dickson White (November 7, 1832 – November 4, 1918) was a U.S. diplomat, author, and educator,…

Carpenters' Hall is a four-story brick building in Center City Philadelphia, Pennsylvania which played a significant part in the early history of the United States.

Carpenter's Hall

Carpenters' Hall is a four-story brick building in Center City Philadelphia, Pennsylvania which played…

Fernando Wood (June 14, 1812 – February 14, 1881) is famous for being one of the most colorful mayors in the history of New York. He was chairman of the chief young men's political organization in 1839 and was a member of the Tammany Society, which he used as a vehicle for his political rise. Wood served as Mayor of New York from 1855 to 1862. During this time a police feud developed between the New York Municipal Police and the Metropolitan Police Force. This feud led to increased gang activity due to the police rivaling one another rather than upholding the law. Wood was one of many New York Democrats sympathetic to the Confederacy, called 'Copperheads' by the staunch Unionists. In January 1861, Wood suggested to the City Council that New York secede and declare itself a free city.

Fernando Wood

Fernando Wood (June 14, 1812 – February 14, 1881) is famous for being one of the most colorful mayors…

Whitelaw Reid (October 27, 1837 – December 15, 1912) was a U.S. politician and newspaper editor, as well as the author of a popular history of Ohio in the Civil War.

Whitelaw Reid

Whitelaw Reid (October 27, 1837 – December 15, 1912) was a U.S. politician and newspaper editor, as…

Jerusalem is the capital of Israel and its largest city in both population and area. Located in the Judean Mountains, between the Mediterranean Sea and the northern tip of the Dead Sea, modern Jerusalem has grown up outside the Old City. The city has a history that goes back to the 4th millennium BCE, making it one of the oldest cities in the world. Jerusalem has been the holiest city in Judaism and the spiritual center of the Jewish people since the 10th century BCE, contains a number of significant ancient Christian sites, and is considered the third-holiest city in Islam.

A View of Jerusalem

Jerusalem is the capital of Israel and its largest city in both population and area. Located in the…

Hinchingbrooke School was founded as Huntingdon Grammar School in 1565. Among its pupils in its early history were Oliver Cromwell and Samuel Pepys. Hinchingbrooke School is a large school situated on the outskirts of Huntingdon in Cambridgeshire. It is a fully comprehensive school with some 1850 pupils on roll, including one of the most popular Sixth Forms in Cambridge (Years 12-13).

Hinchingbrooke School

Hinchingbrooke School was founded as Huntingdon Grammar School in 1565. Among its pupils in its early…

&quot;Regency Style; motive from Hotel Soubise, Paris ... in the history of the fine arts in France, a name given to work which corresponds to the Regency (1715-23) of Philip of Orleans during the minority of Louis XV.&quot; -Whitney, 1911

Regency Style

"Regency Style; motive from Hotel Soubise, Paris ... in the history of the fine arts in France,…

This image portrays explorer, Hernando De Soto and other Conquistadors at the discovery of the Mississippi River.

Hernando De Soto Discovering the Mississippi River

This image portrays explorer, Hernando De Soto and other Conquistadors at the discovery of the Mississippi…

John White finds the only clue to the disappearance of the "Lost Colony" of Roanoke: a tree carved with the word 'Croatan,' the name of a Native American tribe.

Croatan Carved into Tree at Roanoke

John White finds the only clue to the disappearance of the "Lost Colony" of Roanoke: a tree carved with…

Peter Struyvesant was the last Dutch governor of the New Netherlands colony.

Peter Struyvesant in New Amsterdam

Peter Struyvesant was the last Dutch governor of the New Netherlands colony.

A minuteman with his wife and son looks into the distance as he prepares to fight within a minute's notice.

Minuteman Ready to Fight

A minuteman with his wife and son looks into the distance as he prepares to fight within a minute's…

This six dollar bill is an example of Continental paper money of the United colonies issued in 1776.

Continental Paper Money

This six dollar bill is an example of Continental paper money of the United colonies issued in 1776.

Faneuil Hall in Boston Massachusetts is a marketplace and meeting hall best known for being the site of speeches by Samuel Adams and James Otis.

Faneuil Hall in Boston, Massachusetts

Faneuil Hall in Boston Massachusetts is a marketplace and meeting hall best known for being the site…

(1644-1718) William Penn was an English colonist and best known as founder of Pennsylvania.

William Penn

(1644-1718) William Penn was an English colonist and best known as founder of Pennsylvania.

Aerial view of Vera Cruz, Mexico in 1847 showing buildings and the mountainous horizon.

Mexican City of Vera Cruz in 1847

Aerial view of Vera Cruz, Mexico in 1847 showing buildings and the mountainous horizon.

(1831-1888) Philip Sheridan was a United States Army officer and Union General in the Civil War.

General Philip Henry Sheridan

(1831-1888) Philip Sheridan was a United States Army officer and Union General in the Civil War.

Carpenters' Hall is located in Center City of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, most remembered as the site of the house in which the first congresses were held.

Carpenters' Hall

Carpenters' Hall is located in Center City of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, most remembered as the site…

Remains of Carthaginian art from Duruy's "History of Rome."

Carthaginian Art

Remains of Carthaginian art from Duruy's "History of Rome."

Remains of Carthaginian art from Duruy's "History of Rome."

Carthaginian Art

Remains of Carthaginian art from Duruy's "History of Rome."

Remains of Carthaginian art from Duruy's "History of Rome."

Carthaginian Art

Remains of Carthaginian art from Duruy's "History of Rome."

Remains of Carthaginian art from Duruy's "History of Rome."

Carthaginian Art

Remains of Carthaginian art from Duruy's "History of Rome."

Remains of Carthaginian art from Duruy's "History of Rome."

Carthaginian Art

Remains of Carthaginian art from Duruy's "History of Rome."

Remains of Carthaginian art from Duruy's "History of Rome."

Carthaginian Art

Remains of Carthaginian art from Duruy's "History of Rome."

Remains of Carthaginian art from Duruy's "History of Rome."

Carthaginian Art

Remains of Carthaginian art from Duruy's "History of Rome."

The Battle of Antietam (also known as the Battle of Sharpsburg, particularly in the South), fought on September 17, 1862, near Sharpsburg, Maryland, and Antietam Creek, as part of the Maryland Campaign, was the first major battle in the American Civil War to take place on Northern soil. It was the bloodiest single-day battle in American history, with about 23,000 casualties.

Battle of Antietam

The Battle of Antietam (also known as the Battle of Sharpsburg, particularly in the South), fought on…

Peter Stuyvesant (originally Pieter or Petrus; Peter is never mentioned in historical records) (c. 1612 – August 1672) served as the last Dutch Director-General of the colony of New Netherland from 1647 until it was ceded provisionally to the English in 1664. He was a major figure in the early history of New York City. The Bedford-Stuyvesant section of Brooklyn, New York, United States is named after him.

Peter Stuyvesant

Peter Stuyvesant (originally Pieter or Petrus; Peter is never mentioned in historical records) (c. 1612…

Benjamin Franklin (January 17, 1706 – April 17, 1790) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States of America. A noted polymath, Franklin was a leading author and printer, satirist, political theorist, politician, scientist, inventor, civic activist, statesman, and diplomat. As a scientist, he was a major figure in the Enlightenment and the history of physics for his discoveries and theories regarding electricity. He invented the lightning rod, bifocals, the Franklin stove, a carriage odometer, and the glass harmonica. He formed both the first public lending library in America and first fire department in Pennsylvania.

Benjamin Franklin

Benjamin Franklin (January 17, 1706 – April 17, 1790) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United…

Bathing was an important part in Ancient Roman culture and society. In Germany there are These Roman baths varied from simple to exceedingly elaborate structures. In taking a Roman bath, the bather induced sweating by gradually exposing himself to increasing temperatures. To accommodate this ritual, all Roman bathhouses contained a series of rooms which got progressively hotter. Most contained a room just inside the entrance where the bather stored his clothes. After taking a series of sweat and/or immersion baths, the bather returned to the cooler tepidarium (a warm room) for a massage with oils and final scraping with metal implements. Today ruins of Roman baths remain in three German cities, Trier, Baden-Baden, and Baden-Württemberg.

Ancient Roman Baths

Bathing was an important part in Ancient Roman culture and society. In Germany there are These Roman…

Walhalla, or German Temple of Fame and Honor is a neo-classical hall of fame located on the Danube River 10 km east of Regensburg, in Bavaria, Germany. The exterior is a close imitation of the Parthenon (a temple of the Greek goddess Athena), and is constructed of gray marble. It was the idea of 20-year-old Crown Prince Ludwig I of Bavaria in 1807, at a time when the German states were defeated and occupied by Napoleon. It was meant as a place for the commemoration of great figures and events in ethnic German history, at the time covering 1,800 years, beginning with the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest (AD 9). Whereas the Valhalla of Norse mythology was home to those gloriously slain in battle, Ludwig's Walhalla was intended not only for warriors but also for scientists, writers, clerics and specifically also for women.

Exterior of Walhalla

Walhalla, or German Temple of Fame and Honor is a neo-classical hall of fame located on the Danube River…

Walhalla, or German Temple of Fame and Honor is a neo-classical hall of fame located on the Danube River 10 km east of Regensburg, in Bavaria, Germany. It was the idea of 20-year-old Crown Prince Ludwig I of Bavaria in 1807, at a time when the German states were defeated and occupied by Napoleon. It was meant as a place for the commemoration of great figures and events in ethnic German history, at the time covering 1,800 years, beginning with the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest (9 AD). Whereas the Valhalla of Norse mythology was home to those gloriously slain in battle, Ludwig's Walhalla was intended not only for warriors but also for scientists, writers, clerics and specifically also for women. The walls are lined with marble, and the ceiling is very richly gilded and decorated. The busts that are placed in rows along the walls are, as far as possible, likenesses of celebrated Germans deemed worthy of a place in the Temple of Fame.

Interior of Walhalla

Walhalla, or German Temple of Fame and Honor is a neo-classical hall of fame located on the Danube River…

Jefferson Finis Davis (1808 &ndash; 1889) served as President of the Confederate States of America for its entire history of 1861 &ndash; 1865 during the American Civil War. After the war, Davis was captured in 1865 and charged with treason. Though not convicted, he was stripped of his eligibility to run for public office.

Jefferson Davis

Jefferson Finis Davis (1808 – 1889) served as President of the Confederate States of America for…

General Winfield Scott (1786 - 1866) was a United States Army general, and unsuccessful presidential candidate of the Whig party in 1852. General Scott is most known for serving on active duty as a general longer than any other man in American history and is rated as the most ablest American commander of his time. He is also known as "Old Fuss and Feathers" and "Grand Old Man of the Army."

General Winfield Scott

General Winfield Scott (1786 - 1866) was a United States Army general, and unsuccessful presidential…