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Italian navigator and cartographer. Sebastian Cabot (c. 1474 – c. December 1557) was an Italian explorer, likely born in the Venetian Republic. He was the son of Italian explorer John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto) and his Venetian wife Mattea. After his father's death, Cabot conducted his own voyages of discovery, seeking the Northwest Passage through North America for England. He later sailed for Spain, traveling to South America, where he explored the Rio de la Plata and established two new forts.

Sebastian Cabot

Italian navigator and cartographer. Sebastian Cabot (c. 1474 – c. December 1557) was an Italian explorer,…

The yellow hammer, or yellow bunting; a bird widely distributed over Europe and North America

Yellowhammer

The yellow hammer, or yellow bunting; a bird widely distributed over Europe and North America

Hind feet of Seal; Pinnigrada

Carnivore foot

Hind feet of Seal; Pinnigrada

The Greenland Seal has well-developed hind limbs.

Seal

The Greenland Seal has well-developed hind limbs.

Catfish are found in lakes and streams of North America, usually at muddy bottoms. Catfish have a large head and fins with barbs. They are excellent for food.

Catfish

Catfish are found in lakes and streams of North America, usually at muddy bottoms. Catfish have a large…

Description of the parts of a flower.

Parts of a Flower

Description of the parts of a flower.

The former Great Seal of Florida, featuring an indian, palm tree, the sun, and some uncharacteristic mountains.

Florida Seal

The former Great Seal of Florida, featuring an indian, palm tree, the sun, and some uncharacteristic…

The influx of Northern regiments of troops into Washington during the early days of the war rendered that city every hour in the day a scene of exciting and beautiful military display. The grounds north of the Capitol were used for brilliant dress parades and drills, which attrected throng of visitors from all parts of the city and Surrounding places. The various regiments had their cliques of admiring friends, who deemed the evolutoins of their favorites entirely unapproachable. All the troops however, in their drill and bearing were considered worthy of warm praise, and called loud cheers from the spectators.

Drilling Troops

The influx of Northern regiments of troops into Washington during the early days of the war rendered…

View of the camp of the twentieth Indiana Regiment; also of Fort Hatteras and the anchorage at Hatteras inlet, N.C. This camp, was formed when Federal troops occupied the island. It first recieved Colonel Bendix and his German regiment. On their return to Newport News it was taken possession of by the Ninth Zouaves; who vacated it upon the arrival of the Twentieth Indiana Regiment, October 5, 1861, the Ninth removing to Camp Wool.

Fort Hatteras

View of the camp of the twentieth Indiana Regiment; also of Fort Hatteras and the anchorage at Hatteras…

Evacuation of Corinth, Mississippi- burning of stations, warehouses and supplies- entry of Federal Troops. Corinth was not demolished, but it was very much deteriorated- about as bad as the Corinth of old. In the town the scene was dismal indeed; nothing was occupied, all was vacant. In the fields north of the town, where the Confederate camps had been, there were the common evidences of their late presence, but nothing uncommon. Arms were picked up in all parts of the field, and a few hundred prisoners were taken.

Evacuation of Corinth

Evacuation of Corinth, Mississippi- burning of stations, warehouses and supplies- entry of Federal Troops.…

"The city of Fredericksburg, VA., from the North side of the Rappahannock- from a sketch by our special artist with General McDowell's division in 1862." — Frank Leslie, 1896

Rappahannock

"The city of Fredericksburg, VA., from the North side of the Rappahannock- from a sketch by our special…

"Burning of the American merchantman "Harvey Birch," of New York, Captain Nelson, in the British Channel, by the Confederate Steamer "Nashville," Captain Peagrim, November 17th, 1861. On the 17th of November, 1861, the "Harvey Birch," a splendid New York vessel of 1,480 tons and valued at $150,000, was on her way from Havre to New York in ballast, commanded by Captain Nelson, with officers and crew, all told, twenty-nine men. In latitude 49.6 north, longitude 9.52 west, she was brought to by the Confederate steamer "Nashville," and boarded by an officer and boat's crew, who took the crew of the "Birch" on board the "Nashville," robbed the vessel of everything valuable, and then set fire to it, the commander, Peagrim, watching her destruction from his own deck." — Frank Leslie, 1896

Harvey Birch

"Burning of the American merchantman "Harvey Birch," of New York, Captain Nelson, in the British Channel,…

"General view of Forts Hatters and Clark, N. C., captured on the 29th of August, 1861, by the Federal naval and military forces, under command of Commodore Stringham and Major General Butler. Articles of stipulation were signed on the flagship by Commodore Stringham and General Butler on the part of the United States, and by Commodore Barron, Colonel Martin and Major Andrews on the Confederate side, and the swords of the latter delivered up. The two forts remained in possession of the Federal troops, Fort Hatteras under command of Colonel Weber, and Fort Clark under that of Colonel Hawkins. The enemy's loss in killed was 15, and wounded 42; on the Federal side not a single man was either killed or wounded." — Frank Leslie, 1896

Fort Hatteras

"General view of Forts Hatters and Clark, N. C., captured on the 29th of August, 1861, by the Federal…

"View of New Berne, N. C., from the interior of Fort Thompson after its capture by the Federal forces- burning of Rosin Works, railway bridge and naval stores, and showing vessels sunk in the channel of the Neuse River, to prevent the approach of Federal gunboats. Captain Rowan, in his account of the doings of his gunboats, after modestly narrating the important services he rendered General Burnside the day previous in the debarkation of the land forces, thus recounts his own separate share of the expedition to New Berne: "At 6:30 A.M. on Friday, April 14th, 1862, the fleet steadily moved up and gradually closed in toward the batteries. The lower fortification was discovered to have been abandoned by the enemy. A boat was dispatched to it, and the Stars and Stripes planted on the ramparts. As we advanced the upper batteries opened fire upon us. The fire was returned with effect, the magazine of one exploding. Having proceeded in an extended line as far as the obstructions in the river would permit, the signal was made to follow movements of the flagship, and the whole fleet advanced in order, concentating our fire on Fort Thompson, mounting 13 guns, on which rested the enemy's land defenses. The army having with great gallantry driven them out of these defenses, the fort was abandoned."" —Leslie, 1896

Fort Thompson

"View of New Berne, N. C., from the interior of Fort Thompson after its capture by the Federal forces-…

"Removing sunken schooners from Core Sound, N. C., placed to obstruct the passage of the Federal gunboats, under the superintendence of Captain Hayden, of the New York Submarine Engineering Company. The perverse ingenuity which the Confederates showed in obstructing the channels which led to their strongholds was only exceeded by the persistent ingenuity with which the Federal officers removed them. The Confederates obstructed the channel of Core Sound by sinking schooners; but under the superintendence of Captain Hayden, of the New York Submarine Engineering Company, they were removed by blasting. The shock was perceptibly felt a considerable distance, and it was some time before the water resumed its usual appearance." —Leslie, 1896

Schooners

"Removing sunken schooners from Core Sound, N. C., placed to obstruct the passage of the Federal gunboats,…

"Encampment of the Federal army near Rolla, Mo. The city of Rolla has been famous since the death of heroic Lyon, when the scattered forces of that glorious but disastrous day, under the guidance of General Siegel, made their first secure resting place. Our illustration is particularly interesting, as it takes in the last encampment of the Federal Army, showing the positions of the chief divisions of Generals Asboth, Siegel and Wymans. Rolla is on the direct route of the railroad from St. Louis to Springfield, being about midway between those cities. It is about sixty miles from Pilot Knob and fifty from Jefferson City. Our artist said: "The high rolling country around Rolla is admirably adapted for a camping ground. Fine streams of clear water intersect in all directions; the ground is gravelly and dry, and all the hills are covered with oak timber. The camping grounds are all gently sloping, facing the south, and are well protected from the cold north and northwest winds by the high ridges on the north."" —Leslie, 1896

Rolla Camp

"Encampment of the Federal army near Rolla, Mo. The city of Rolla has been famous since the death of…

"Successful attack of a detachment of the Federal forces, under General Stevens, supported by four gunboats of the fleet, on the Confederate fortifications on and near Port Royal Ferry, January 1st, 1862, landing of the Federal troops on the mainland. The command of this expedition, which was to destroy three batteries erected upon the mainland by the Confederates, before they became too powerful, was given to Brigadier General Isaac J. Stevens, an officer admirably qualified for the position. His staff was composed of Assistant Adjutant General Stevens, Assistant Quartermaster General Lilley, Assistant Commissary General Warfield and Surgeon Kremble. The regiments were: the Roundheads of Pennsylvania, Colonel Lesure; the Fifteenth Pennsylvania, Colonel Christo; Eighth Michgan, Colonel Fenton; Seventy-ninth New York, Colonel Morrison; Forty-seventh New York, Colonel Fraser; and his Forty-eighth New York Volunteers, Colonel Perry. The troops were to be supported and covered by the Gunboats <em>Pembina</em>, Captain Bankhead; <em>Seneca</em>, Captain Ammon; the <em>Ottawa</em>, Captain Stevens, and the <em>Ellen</em>, Captain Budd. These were under the command of Captain Raymond Rogers, of the Flagship <em>Wabash</em>, who embarked on board the <em>Ottawa</em>. The troops were marched from Beaufort during the 31st of December to the north of Brick Yard Creek, the narrowest part of Beaufort, on Port Poyal River, and joining Coosaw River. Here they found flats, barges and boats for their transportation. Early on New Year's morning they crossed, having then five miles to march before they reached Port Royal Ferry." &mdash;Leslie, 1896

Port Royal Ferry

"Successful attack of a detachment of the Federal forces, under General Stevens, supported by four gunboats…

"View of the town of Strasburg, valley of the Shenandoah, occupied by the Federal forces under General Banks, March 25th, 1862. Towns which had hitherto remained buried in obscurity and pleasant foilage were suddenly converted into places of national importance. Strasburg, through whose rural streets the resounding tramp of two hostile armies had passed, was a post village of Shenandoah County, Va., on the north fork of Shenandoah River and on the Manassas Gap Railroad, eighteen miles southwest of Winchester. It had three churches and a population of about eight hundred persons. It was occupied by General Banks's division of the Federal army immediately after the battle of Winchester." —Leslie, 1896

View of Strasburg

"View of the town of Strasburg, valley of the Shenandoah, occupied by the Federal forces under General…

"Rear admiral Stringham, born in Middletown, Orange County, N. Y., November 7th, 1798; died in brooklyn, N. Y., February 7th, 1876. He entered the Navy as a midshipman, November 15, 1809, and was in continuous service up to the breaking out of the Civil War in 1861, when he was summoned to Washington to advise upon the preparations for war. He took command of the North Atlantic Blockading Fleet, and planned the expedition to Hatteras Inlet. General Butler accompanied him with 900 men. The squadron bombarded the forts, sailing in an ellipse, by which means it concentrated its fire on the forts, and manoeuvred so skillfully that none of the fleet were hit. Both forts surrendered, and the troops were landed to garrison them on August 29th, 1861. Not one of the Federal troops was injured. This was the first naval victory of any importance. Stringham declined further active service on account of his age, and was retired as a commodore, December 21st, 1861. He was promoted to rear admiral on the retired list, July 16th, 1862."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Admiral Silas H. Stringham

"Rear admiral Stringham, born in Middletown, Orange County, N. Y., November 7th, 1798; died in brooklyn,…

"General Foster, born in Whitefield, N. H., May 27th, 1823, died in Nashua, H. H., September 2nd, 1874, was graduated at the United States Military Academy in 1846, assigned to the Engineer Corps, and served in the Mexican War under General Scott. He received the brevets of first lieutenant and captain for gallantry. At the beginning of the Civil War he was stationed at Charleston, S. C., and safely removed the garrison of Fort Moultrie to Fort Sumter during the night, December 26th-27th, 1860. He was made brigadier general of volunteers October 23rd, 1861, commanded a brigade in Burnside's North Carolina expedition, and received the brevet of lieutenant colonel for his services at Roanoke Island. While in command of the Department of North Carolina, in 1862-'3, he conducted several important expeditions. In 1865 he was brevetted brigadier general in the regular army for gallant services in the capture of Savannah, Ga., and major general for services in the field during the rebellion."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

General John G. Foster

"General Foster, born in Whitefield, N. H., May 27th, 1823, died in Nashua, H. H., September 2nd, 1874,…

"Federal Hill, Baltimore, taken from the North side basin, occupied by the Federal Troops."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Federal Hill

"Federal Hill, Baltimore, taken from the North side basin, occupied by the Federal Troops."— Frank…

"Exterior view of Fort Clinch, on Amelia Island, Fla., commanding the Harbor of Fernandina, captured by the Federal Land and Naval forces under Commodore Dupont and General Wright, March 4th, 1862. On the 4th of March, 1862, the Federal forces, under the command of Commodore Dupont and General H. G. Wright, took full possession of Fernandina, the chief, indeed almost the only, port on the Atlantic side of Florida. Fernandina is situated on the northwest part of Amelia Island, which forms part of the Atlantic seaboard of Florida. The northern and principal approach to it is through Cumberland Sound, defended by Fort Clinch, which is situated on the northwest point of Amelia Island, and about three miles north of Fernandina. Fernandina is the Atlantic terminus of the Florida Railroad, which runs to Cedar Keys, in the Gulf of Mexico. Fort Clinch is a casemated building, and by its capture and the surrounding earthworks twelve heavy guns fell into the hands of the Federals."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Fort Clinch

"Exterior view of Fort Clinch, on Amelia Island, Fla., commanding the Harbor of Fernandina, captured…

"Interior view of Fort Clinch, on Amelia Island, Fla., commanding the Harbor of Fernandina, captured by the Federal Land and Naval forces under Commodore Dupont and General Wright, March 4th, 1862. Commodore Dupont, in speaking of the fortifications, said: 'I visited the town, Fort Clinch, and the earthworks on the sea face of the island. It is impossible to look at these preparations for a vigorous defense without being surprised that they should have been voluntarily deserted. The batteries on the north and northeast shores are as complete as art can make them. Six are well concealed, and protected by ranges of sandhills in front of them, and contain perfect shelter for the men, and are so small and thoroughly covered by the natural growth and the various contours of the land, that to strike them from the water would be the mere result of chance. A battery of six guns, though larger and affording, therefore, a better mark, is equally well sheltered and masked. These batteries, and the heavy guns mounted on Fort Clinch, commanded all the turnings of the main ship channel, and raked an approaching enemy.'"&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Fort Clinch

"Interior view of Fort Clinch, on Amelia Island, Fla., commanding the Harbor of Fernandina, captured…

Two Walrus laying on an iceberg.

Walruses

Two Walrus laying on an iceberg.

"The ground-color of the hair or skin, when this animal is alive and dry, is pale whitish-gray, with a very slight tinge of yellow; when just out of the water and wet, the ground-color is ash; after death, and as seen in museums, the ground color is pale yellowish-gray." &mdash; S. G. Goodrich, 1885

Common Seal

"The ground-color of the hair or skin, when this animal is alive and dry, is pale whitish-gray, with…

"Also called the Crested Seal, remarkable for possessing, about two inches from te extremity of the upper jaw, on the superior of the surface, a cartilaginous crest, which rises, increasing rapidly in height as it passes backwards, about seven inches high at its posterior or vertical edge, which is separated into two planes by an intervening depression an inch deep." — S. G. Goodrich, 1885

Hooded Seal

"Also called the Crested Seal, remarkable for possessing, about two inches from te extremity of the…

"It is the size of a large bear; girth at the sholder, five feet, near the tail, twenty inches; fur brown. acquiring a grayish tint at the point of the hairs in old age; external ears one inch eight lines long, conical, erect, covered with short hair, and open by an oblong slit, which is shut in the water; nail very slender and minute." &mdash; S. G. Goodrich, 1885

Sea Bear

"It is the size of a large bear; girth at the sholder, five feet, near the tail, twenty inches; fur…

"General Ord, born in Cumberland, Md., October 18th, 1818, died in Havana, Cuba, July 22nd, 1883, was graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1839, and assigned to the Third Artillery. He served with distinction in the Florida and Mexican Wars and during the war for the Union. The battle of Dranesville, in 1861, was won under his leadership, and he was severely wounded at the battle of Hatchie and at the assault on Fort Harrison. Having been several times promoted for gallant and meritous conduct, he became commander of the Department of Virginia and North Carolina in 1865, and led the Army of the James in the victorious engagements that ended the war. In March, 1865, he received the brevet of major general in the regular army, and he subsequently held successive command of the Departments of Arkansas, California, Texas and the Platte."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

General Edward O. C. Ord

"General Ord, born in Cumberland, Md., October 18th, 1818, died in Havana, Cuba, July 22nd, 1883, was…

"Federal soldiers participating in a hurdle sack race. Thanksgiving festivities at Fort Pulaski, Ga., Thursday, November 27th, 1862. While the loyal citizens of the North were eating their turkeys the Federal soldiers in the South were also celebrating their Thanksgiving. We illustrate the amusement indulged in at Fort Pulaski, Ga. The grand attraction of the day, however, was th <em>fete</em> given by the officers of the Forty-eighth Regiment, New York Volunteers, Colonel Barton, and Company G, Third Rhode Island Regiment."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Hurdle Sack Race

"Federal soldiers participating in a hurdle sack race. Thanksgiving festivities at Fort Pulaski, Ga.,…

"Thanksgiving dinner. Thanksgiving festivities at Fort Pulaski, Ga., Thursday, November 27th, 1862. While the loyal citizens of the North were eating their turkeys the Federal soldiers in the South were also celebrating their Thanksgiving. We illustrate the amusement indulged in at Fort Pulaski, Ga. The grand attraction of the day, however, was th <em>fete</em> given by the officers of the Forty-eighth Regiment, New York Volunteers, Colonel Barton, and Company G, Third Rhode Island Regiment."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Thanksgiving Dinner

"Thanksgiving dinner. Thanksgiving festivities at Fort Pulaski, Ga., Thursday, November 27th, 1862.…

"Soldiers playing 'catch the pig.' Thanksgiving festivities at Fort Pulaski, Ga., Thursday, November 27th, 1862. While the loyal citizens of the North were eating their turkeys the Federal soldiers in the South were also celebrating their Thanksgiving. We illustrate the amusement indulged in at Fort Pulaski, Ga. The grand attraction of the day, however, was th <em>fete</em> given by the officers of the Forty-eighth Regiment, New York Volunteers, Colonel Barton, and Company G, Third Rhode Island Regiment."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Catching the Pig

"Soldiers playing 'catch the pig.' Thanksgiving festivities at Fort Pulaski, Ga., Thursday, November…

"Soldiers participating in a burlesque dress parade. Thanksgiving festivities at Fort Pulaski, Ga., Thursday, November 27th, 1862. While the loyal citizens of the North were eating their turkeys the Federal soldiers in the South were also celebrating their Thanksgiving. We illustrate the amusement indulged in at Fort Pulaski, Ga. The grand attraction of the day, however, was th <em>fete</em> given by the officers of the Forty-eighth Regiment, New York Volunteers, Colonel Barton, and Company G, Third Rhode Island Regiment."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Burlesque Dress Parade

"Soldiers participating in a burlesque dress parade. Thanksgiving festivities at Fort Pulaski, Ga.,…

"Soldiers and women participating in a Thanksgiving Ball. Thanksgiving festivities at Fort Pulaski, Ga., Thursday, November 27th, 1862. While the loyal citizens of the North were eating their turkeys the Federal soldiers in the South were also celebrating their Thanksgiving. We illustrate the amusement indulged in at Fort Pulaski, Ga. The grand attraction of the day, however, was th <em>fete</em> given by the officers of the Forty-eighth Regiment, New York Volunteers, Colonel Barton, and Company G, Third Rhode Island Regiment."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Thanksgiving Ball

"Soldiers and women participating in a Thanksgiving Ball. Thanksgiving festivities at Fort Pulaski,…

"Soldiers aparticipating in a wheelbarrow race. Thanksgiving festivities at Fort Pulaski, Ga., Thursday, November 27th, 1862. While the loyal citizens of the North were eating their turkeys the Federal soldiers in the South were also celebrating their Thanksgiving. We illustrate the amusement indulged in at Fort Pulaski, Ga. The grand attraction of the day, however, was th <em>fete</em> given by the officers of the Forty-eighth Regiment, New York Volunteers, Colonel Barton, and Company G, Third Rhode Island Regiment."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Wheelbarrow Race

"Soldiers aparticipating in a wheelbarrow race. Thanksgiving festivities at Fort Pulaski, Ga., Thursday,…

"Soldiers climbing up a greased pole. Thanksgiving festivities at Fort Pulaski, Ga., Thursday, November 27th, 1862. While the loyal citizens of the North were eating their turkeys the Federal soldiers in the South were also celebrating their Thanksgiving. We illustrate the amusement indulged in at Fort Pulaski, Ga. The grand attraction of the day, however, was th <em>fete</em> given by the officers of the Forty-eighth Regiment, New York Volunteers, Colonel Barton, and Company G, Third Rhode Island Regiment."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Climbing Pole

"Soldiers climbing up a greased pole. Thanksgiving festivities at Fort Pulaski, Ga., Thursday, November…

"The anglo-Confederate steamer <em>Anglia</em>, captured off Bull's Bay, twenty-five miles north of Charleston, S. C., by the United States gunboats <em>Restless</em> and <em>Flag</em>, Sunday, October 19th, 1862."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Anglia

"The anglo-Confederate steamer Anglia, captured off Bull's Bay, twenty-five miles north of…

"The Banks Expedition- scene on the hurricane deck of the United States transport <em>North Star</em>- the soldiers of the Forty-first Massachusetts Regiment writing home to their friends, upon their arrival at ship island, Gulf of Mexico. We publish a sketch taken on the evening of the arrival of the Forty-first Massachusetts Regiment at Ship Island. The thoughts of the dear ones at home were uppermost in every soldier's mind, and in a very short time the hurricane deck of the steamer <em>North Star</em> was occupied by a regiment of letterwriters, all hard at work in the service of Cadmus. It is only those separated from all they hold dear who can realize the luxury of that invention which wafts a sigh from Indus to the Pole."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Banks Expedition

"The Banks Expedition- scene on the hurricane deck of the United States transport North Star-…

"The Pontoon bridge 'On The March'- the pontoon wagons on their way from Aquia Creek to the Rappahannock. Our correspondent wrote, under date of December 6th, 1862: 'Affairs in Virginia are assuming a portentous significance. General Burnside's army is concentrated on the north bank of the Rappahannock, opposite Fredericksburg, and the railway connecting his camps with his base of supplies at Aquia Creek, on the Potomac, is completed. A number of gunboats have ascended the Rappahannock to within fifteen miles of Fredericksburg, and will probably ascend the river quite to that point. Pontoon bridges and other appliances for crossing the river have also reached the Federal army, and the conditions for a speedy advance are nearly complete. Meanwhile, and in consequence of the delay of the Federal forces, itself the result of a rapid change of base without adequate advance provision, the Confederates have succeeded in concentrating their army in front of General Burnside, where they have been and still are busy in erecting fortifications to oppose his passage of the river.'"— Frank Leslie, 1896

Pontoon Bridge

"The Pontoon bridge 'On The March'- the pontoon wagons on their way from Aquia Creek to the Rappahannock.…

"Fredericksburg, Va., and the Confederate batteries and pickets, as seen from Falmouth Heights, headquarters of General Burnside. Our picture of Fredericksburg gives of course but a very small portion of the famous city, in sight of which our great founder was born, the family homestead being about two miles east of Falmouth where the view was taken. Here stood the famous cherry tree which the infant George cut and confessed to when his indignant father questioned him about it. About a mile to the north of the Rappahannock there is a short range of hills, called Falmouth Heights, which gradually slope to a point where the gully commences, in the centre of which runs the stream, which in dry weather is easy fordable."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Confederate Batteries

"Fredericksburg, Va., and the Confederate batteries and pickets, as seen from Falmouth Heights, headquarters…

"The Confederate invasion of Maryland and Pennsylvania. The Confederate cavalry crossing the Potomac, June 11th, 1863. When the Confederate cavalry force under General Jenkins crossed the Potomac, a movement happily portrayed by our artist, and hurried across Maryland, within the borders of the Keystone State all with confusion and alarm. As they advanced it was impossible to tell what point would be assailed. Pittsburg, with its machine shops and foundries; Harrisburg, the capital, with the State archives; Philadelphia with its great wealth, might any or all be reached. in this emergency the Governor exerted his full powers, the citizens to some extent rallying to his call."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Confederate Invasion

"The Confederate invasion of Maryland and Pennsylvania. The Confederate cavalry crossing the Potomac,…

"The Banks Expedition- scene on the levee, Baton Rouge, La. Contrabands unloading military stores from the United States transport <em>North Star</em>, over the Mississippi steamer <em>Iberville</em>. The <em>Iberville</em> had quite a history in connection with the military operations on the Mississippi. She was taken possession of by the United States authorities on the surrender of New Orleans, and was engaged as a transport during the expedition. She several times ran the gantlet of Confederate batteries and guerrillas. On one occasion she sustained a running fire from a battery of six guns for at least twenty minutes, while passing Donaldsonville, having four men killed and four wounded, one of her engines disabled and her upper works riddled."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Banks Expedition

"The Banks Expedition- scene on the levee, Baton Rouge, La. Contrabands unloading military stores from…

"View from the interior of Fort Walker, Hilton Head, S. C. looking inland, showing the defenses from the land side. We have given so full a description of this fort that we have now merely to add that our view was taken inside the fortification, looking to the interior of Hilton Head Island. Fort Walker was nearly surrounded on its land side by the Federal camp, which had been strengthened by earthworks extending across the island. Camp Sherman was, therefore, protected by Scull's Creek on the west, Fort Welles (lately called Fort Walker) on the north, the Atlantic on the east, and by this intrenchment on the south."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Fort Walker

"View from the interior of Fort Walker, Hilton Head, S. C. looking inland, showing the defenses from…

"The enthusiasm of the Northern armies- re-enlistment of the Seventeenth Army Corps. Financial tests convinced the supporters of the rebellion here and in Europe of one great fact, that the people of the North had faith in the United States Government, and that the people of the Southern States had no faith in their government, set up by a knot of disappointed politicians. While Alabama troops were shooting down Kentuckians who refused to re-enlist, the Federal Army almost unanimously re-enlisted. Hence the difference. There was no want of faith in the Federal cause, the Government, or success. In some corps almost all the regiments re-enlisted; in the Seventeenth Army Corps thirty-nine took their stand as verterans. We give artistically a view of this army enthusiasm."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Northern Armies

"The enthusiasm of the Northern armies- re-enlistment of the Seventeenth Army Corps. Financial tests…

"The war in Virginia. Battle of Spottsylvania Courthouse- opening of the fight at Alsop's Farm, May 8th, 1864. The direct route to Spottsylvania Courthouse is by the Brock Road, via Todd's Tavern. On this road the Fifth Corps, under General Warren, was to take the advance, and by rapid march seize Spottsylvania Courthouse. Hancock's corps was to follow on the same line, while Sedgwick and Burnside were to move on an exterior route by way of Chancellorsville. The vital interest of this movement centred in the march of Warren to seize Spottsylvania Courthouse. Warren's corps advanced a 9 P. M. on the 7th. Reaching Todd's Tavern, he was delayed for an hour and a half by the cavalry escort of General Meade blocking the way. On the 8th he was again detained by the cavalry division of General Merritt, who had been engaged in fighting and driving Stuart's cavalry, whom Lee had sent to block the Brock Road, and who still barred further advance. Merritt, after two hours of ineffectual effort, gave way to Warren, who advanced to clear his own path. The advance brigades, under Robinson, were deployed in line of battle, while the remainder of the corps followed in column. At 8 A. M. of the 8th the column emerged from the woods into a clearing, known as Alsop's Farm, two miles north of Spottsylvania Courthouse. Anderson (Longstreet's corps) had in the meantime arrived at the same place, and a sharp engagement ensued, when the woods on both flanks of the Federals were cleared of the enemy. Warren waited for Sedgwick to come up. Before the latter arrived night had fallen. As a consequence of all those incidents, Lee had managed to place himself across Grant's path, and having drawn upon the Spottsylvania Ridge a bulwark of defense, he was able to hold the Army of the Potomac in check. Our illustration shows the opening of the battle of the 8th, as viewed from General Warren's headquarters."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Battle of Spottsylvania

"The war in Virginia. Battle of Spottsylvania Courthouse- opening of the fight at Alsop's Farm, May…

"The war in Tennessee. Hooker's Battle above the clouds, and capture of the Confederate position on Lookout Mountain, November 24th, 1863. The wild mountains of Tennessee, where nature reveals in producing the most fantastic forms, and piling rocks upon rocks, forms one of the mightiest ridges on the land, have been the scene of one of the most extraordinary battles in history; a battle fought with the mists and clouds rolling beneath the combatants, the flash and the roar of the guns appearing to the spectators in the plain below like the lightning and the thunder of heaven. By eight o'clock on Tuesday, November 24th, Hooker's column was moving up Lookout Valley, and, to the surprise of the enemy, disappeared in the woods south of Wauhatchie. But here, filing his troop to the left, General Hooker began the difficult task of the ascent of the mountain. The head of the column, having reached the palisades, went into line of battle facing to the north, and with the right resting against the palisades stretched down the mountain. Geary's division formed the front, with Greene's brigade of New York troops on the right. General Hooker then formed a second line of the two brigades of the Fourth Corps which had been sent him, placing Whittaker on the right and Grose on the left. General Osterhaus formed a third line, and held himself in readiness to aid any part of the line which might need it. Thus arranged, the corps was ordered forward, with a heavy line of skirmishers thrown out, and marching along the slope of the ridge, soon came upon the rear of the enemy, who were taken completely by surprise. Before those at the foot of the hill could comprehend the situation Colonel Ireland's skirmishers had penetrated far toward the point of the mountain, and got in a heavy fire upon the enemy, who were now trying to escape up the hill, while the Federals assaulted them from above. At the same time the Federal batteries on the Moccasin Point and those of the Confederates on Lookout Mountain opened a heavy fire upon each other, and soon the whole mountain was hid from the view in Chattanooga by the cloud of smoke which rose above and around it. The enemy made but little organized resistance, yet their skirmishers for a long time kept up a heavy fire from behind jutting rocks and from trees. Holding Ireland's right well against the palisades, Geary threw Kennedy forward on the left, and he, after being re-enforced by Grose, the enemy on the point of the mountain gradually gave way and fell back in some disorder to the line of breastworks on the east slope of the mountain, at Craven's House. General Geary swung around until his line was parallel with that of the enemy, and again advanced, but being met by organized and well-directed resistance, for a time recoiled. The enemy were now in strong position, Craven's House being the centre of a line of heavy breastworks; but they lacked numbers to man them, having lost severely. They were compelled to expose their right flank. Hooker then sent the Eighty-fourth and Seventy-fifth Illinois to hold the road across the mountain, and advanced on the enemy, with Geary on the right, Osterhaus on the left. Whittaker and Grose in the centre. Geary turned their left, as Osterhaus did the enemy's right, and then, with one charge of the whole line, Hooker carried the position."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Hooker's Battle

"The war in Tennessee. Hooker's Battle above the clouds, and capture of the Confederate position on…

"The operations near Washington, scene of the fight in front of Fort Stevens, July 12th-13th, 1864. When news of the Confederate invasion reached Grant he sent up to City Point the old Sixth Corps, that had so long battled under Sedgwick, whence they embarked for Washington. They went perhaps enjoying the scare of the Washington people, little suspecting that they were to have a brilliant little battle of their own under the eyes of the President. About six o'clock on the 12th the Confederates showed themselves coming down a declivity on both sides of Seventh Street road (Brookville Turnpike) into a little valley running across the road about a mile north of Fort Stevens. General Wright ordered a small brigade of infantry to clear out the enemy from his front. The dwelling on the hill opposite, shelter for sharpshooters, were preliminarily emptied by shells, which set them on fire- shells sent from Forts Massachusetts and Slocum. Then the Federal infantry rose, and, with a fanlike spreading to the right and left, dashed with hurrahs of delight at the two positions on each side of the Seventh Street road. The Confederates slid out of their rifle pits and leaped from behind their fences and trees, and raced. They did not stand a moment. A regiment of cavalry issued from a wood, seemingly Blair's, to the succor of their flying infantry and sharpshooters. The Federals halted to receive the troopers' charge, fired into them at close quarters, checked them, fired again, and kept firing. In three minutes neither Confederate cavalry nor infantry was in sight. The Federals double-quicked in line of battle over the crest of the heights, and disappeared in pursuit, with hurrahs and laughter, on the other wise, driving Rodes's and Gordon's divisions of Ewell's corps in headlong flight before them."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Fort Stevens

"The operations near Washington, scene of the fight in front of Fort Stevens, July 12th-13th, 1864.…

"General Harrison, twenty-third President of the United States, was born at North Bend, Ohio, August 20th, 1833."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

General Benjamin Harrison

"General Harrison, twenty-third President of the United States, was born at North Bend, Ohio, August…

"The war in Virginia. The Twenty-second [African American] Regiment, Duncan's Brigade, carrying the first line of Confederate works before Petersburg. On the morning of the 15th of June, 1864, General Hinks formed his command in line of battle, and advanced upon the Confederates, with Duncan commanding his right and Holman his left. The result of this charge was waited for with great anxiety. The majority of the whites expected that the [African American] troops would run, but the sable forces astonished everybody by their achievements. With a wild yell that must have struck terror into the hearts of their foes, the Twenty-second and Fifth United States [African American] regiments, commanded by Colonels Kidder and Connor, charged, under a hot fire of musketry and artillery, over the Confederate ditch and parapet, and drove the enemy before them, capturing a large field-piece, and taking entire possession of their works, its defenders, Ferrybee's Fourth North Carolina Cavalry, and Graham's Petersburg Battery, seeking safety in rapid flight, leaving their dead and wounded in the works."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Duncan's Brigade

"The war in Virginia. The Twenty-second [African American] Regiment, Duncan's Brigade, carrying the…

"The campaign in Georgia. A baggage train crossing the mountains in a storm. General Sherman, after the capture of Atlanta, prepared for the next move of his antagonist. Hood suddenly moved north, assailing Sherman's lines of communication; but he was repulsed at important points, and, being followed closely by Sherman, retreated southward. The mountain region was again the scene of operations just as winter was approaching. The immense labor and fatigue attendant on operations in that district may be conceived by our sketch of a baggage train crossing the mountains in a storm."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Campaign in Georgia

"The campaign in Georgia. A baggage train crossing the mountains in a storm. General Sherman, after…

"How the Daughters of Maryland received the Sons of the North as they marched against the Confederate invaders- scene on the march."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Daughters of Maryland

"How the Daughters of Maryland received the Sons of the North as they marched against the Confederate…

Seal, with a shovel and hoe on it.

True-temper seal

Seal, with a shovel and hoe on it.

"The fork-tailed kite, (<em>N. furcatus</em>) is twenty-five inches long; the wings and tail black; neck and under parts white; the tail-feathers, twelve in number, are deeply forked, the lateral ones excessively elongated. It feeds on snakes, lizards, and frogs ; it also devours grasshoppers, locusts, and wasps, making attacks on the nests of the latter. This species is common in the South and Southwestern States, and also in the Western States, as far north as Wisconsin." &mdash Goodrich, 1859

Fork-Tailed Kite

"The fork-tailed kite, (N. furcatus) is twenty-five inches long; the wings and tail black;…

"The American goshawk &mdash the black-cap haw of Wilson &mdash <em>A. atricapillus</em> which has been erroneously regarded as identical with the common goshawk of Europe, gratly resembles that bird, however, but it is of a lighter color, and the bands are narrower and more numerous. It is sparsely distributed in northern and eastern North America." &mdash Goodrich, 1859

Goshawk

"The American goshawk &mdash the black-cap haw of Wilson &mdash A. atricapillus which has been…

Genus <em>sarcoramphus</em>, a large vulture found in the tropical regions of the Americas, sometimes as far north as Florida. They feed on carrion, and occaisionally small animals, such as calves.

King Vulture

Genus sarcoramphus, a large vulture found in the tropical regions of the Americas, sometimes…

Genus <em>Cathartes</em>, found in the Americas, sometimes as far north as New England.

Turkey Buzzard

Genus Cathartes, found in the Americas, sometimes as far north as New England.

Genus <em>Cathartes</em>, found in the Americas, sometimes as far north as New England. These buzzards are feeding on the entrails of a horse.

Turkey Buzzards

Genus Cathartes, found in the Americas, sometimes as far north as New England. These buzzards…

The red-wing thrush migrates from the north to the south of Europe in the winter, feeding on worms and other soft-bodies animals.

Red-Wing Thrush

The red-wing thrush migrates from the north to the south of Europe in the winter, feeding on worms and…

A migratory species of bird, found in Europe, Greenland, and probably North America

Wheatear

A migratory species of bird, found in Europe, Greenland, and probably North America

Found as far north as Greenland, the common-snow bird migrates as far south as Virginia in the winter.

Common Snowbird

Found as far north as Greenland, the common-snow bird migrates as far south as Virginia in the winter.

Found in the north of Europe and Asia, specimens of the shore-lark have been ound as far south as France and England.

Shore Lark

Found in the north of Europe and Asia, specimens of the shore-lark have been ound as far south as France…